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JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2021Wheat pill (zinc or aluminium phosphide), also known as rice pill, is used as rodenticide in wheat and rice storage reservoirs. In developing countries such as Pakistan...
Wheat pill (zinc or aluminium phosphide), also known as rice pill, is used as rodenticide in wheat and rice storage reservoirs. In developing countries such as Pakistan there has been an increase in the number of aluminium phosphide (wheat pill) poisoning with suicidal intent due to its easy accessibility. It has a high mortality rate, with no antidote available. A young female presented with classical signs and symptoms of wheat pill poisoning, although during her stay at the hospital she developed cardiac arrhythmias leading to shock, haematuria, pleural effusion, and hyperglycaemia due to acute pancreatitis. Due to the appropriate recognition and management of the complications, the patient was able to recuperate. Appropriate transfer to Intensive Care Unit and prompt recognition of complications can lead to good outcomes. We recommend that there should be a nationwide cognizance campaign regarding the lethal consequences of wheat pill consumption by humans and proper disposal of this deadly material.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aluminum Compounds; Female; Humans; Pakistan; Pancreatitis; Phosphines; Poisoning; Triticum
PubMed: 34111096
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.02-222 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jul 2020Industrial and agricultural goods are fumigated in transport containers in order to control pest infestations and to avoid the transmission of alien species. Phosphine...
Industrial and agricultural goods are fumigated in transport containers in order to control pest infestations and to avoid the transmission of alien species. Phosphine is increasingly used prior to the export as fumigant for table grapes, fruit cultures and dried fruits to control active table grapevine insect pests. Less knowledge exists for fumigants about the desorption time of toxic gases and factors that affect the composition of the fumigated good. Therefore, red and white table grapes (´Thompson seedless´, ´Scarlotta´ and ´Flame seedless´) were chosen to represent the allowed group of phosphine fumigated foods and were treated with a concentration of 2000 vpm phosphine (PH) at different temperatures. In the present study, sorption and desorption behavior of PH by table grapes and possible changes in their VOC (volatile organic compounds) profiles were investigated. The PH concentration was monitored before and after the fumigation process and was determined under the maximum residue level 0.005 ppm after 35 days. The adsorbed amount of PH was not influenced by fumigation parameters. For analysis of the influences on the volatile profile after fumigation, a headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) was used. Small differences in volatile profiles of fumigated and subsequently outgassed table grapes compared to non-fumigated table grapes could be observed. A slight influence on the aldehyde group directly after fumigation could be perceived by a decrease of hex-2-en-1-ol and 1- hexanol in PH-treated table grapes. The concentrations of both compounds increase again after completion of the desorption process. On the other hand terpenes are not significantly influenced by the fumigation process. Overall these changes are likely to affect table grape aroma characteristics directly after a treatment with PH and it could be demonstrated that phosphine alters the volatile profile of fumigated table grapes qualitatively and quantitatively.
Topics: Adsorption; Fruit; Fumigation; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Insecticides; Odorants; Pesticide Residues; Phosphines; Solid Phase Microextraction; Time Factors; Vitis; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 32197200
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122480 -
Pest Management Science Jun 2023During the last decade, the evaluation of certain behavioral attributes has been utilized as an indicator of resistance to phosphine. In this context, an...
BACKGROUND
During the last decade, the evaluation of certain behavioral attributes has been utilized as an indicator of resistance to phosphine. In this context, an underappreciated challenge may be the development of behavioral traits that are related with resistance to phosphine such as the movement to refugia and recovery of stored product insects after short exposures. Thus, the aim of the current study was to track the movement of phosphine-resistant and -susceptible adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), which is a major pest of stored products, after brief exposures to phosphine. Exposures were followed for extended intervals to assess the recovery patterns and how those patterns are related to known resistance to phosphine. A video-tracking procedure coupled with Ethovision software was used to assess movement after exposure.
RESULTS
Overall, we found baseline movement was less for phosphine-resistant T. castaneum, suggesting resistance comes at a considerable fitness cost. In the presence of phosphine (1000 or 3000 ppm), there was a much greater reduction in movement for phosphine-susceptible than phosphine-resistant T. castaneum adults immediately after brief 5-min exposures. Twenty-four hours later, these effects were more variable and less apparent, regardless of the susceptibility level.
CONCLUSIONS
The initial knockdown associated with successful fumigation may just be a temporary state whereafter insects shortly resume movement and may be able to seek out refugia from phosphine, thereby promoting the development of resistance. Our results strengthen a growing consensus that it is the speed to knockdown that truly matters, with quick knockdown indicating slow recovery and a reduced likelihood for the occurrence of resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Tribolium; Phosphines
PubMed: 36700675
DOI: 10.1002/ps.7383 -
Communications Chemistry Jun 2023The access to P-stereogenic motifs has always been considered a very challenging and high attractive mission in modern organic synthesis. While several chiral...
The access to P-stereogenic motifs has always been considered a very challenging and high attractive mission in modern organic synthesis. While several chiral auxiliaries employed by the practical Jugé-Stephan-like methodology have been developed, new type of readily accessible bifunctional ligands toward P-stereogenic building still remain much desirable. Herein, we present a powerful chiral template, camphor-derived 2,3-diols named CAMDOL, which were designed and synthesized from the commercially cheap camphorquinone in high yields at 50 grams scale with a column-free purification. Diverse P(III)-chiral compounds and their borane forms including phosphinous acids, phosphinites, and phosphines, as well as the corresponding P(V)-chiral compounds including phosphinates, phosphine oxides, phosphinothioates, phosphine sulfides, and secondary phosphine oxides were afforded in high yields and ee values through the optimal 2,3-diphenyl CAMDOL platform. An unusual C-OP bond cleavage following the first P-OC bond breaking was observed during the ring-opening process when quenching by NHCl solution, which generates a unique but valuable camphor-epoxide scaffold as by-product.
PubMed: 37369718
DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00935-0 -
Inorganic Chemistry Aug 2020A series of silver(I) camphorsulfonato complexes containing various phosphine ligands having the stoichiometry [Ag(camphSO)(PR)] [PR = PTA...
A series of silver(I) camphorsulfonato complexes containing various phosphine ligands having the stoichiometry [Ag(camphSO)(PR)] [PR = PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), PASO (2-thia-1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-2,2-dioxide), PPh, PCy, P(CHCHCN), PPyPh, or P(-tol)] were prepared and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. Depending on the nature of the phosphine, a variety of different supramolecular structures, including dimers, macrocycles, and coordination polymers, were observed in the solid state. The antimicrobial activity in seven different pathogens (, , , , , , and var. ) as well as toxicity in human cells was also examined. While all compounds show some activity against the bacteria, they were especially active against the fungus . The most active and at the same time least toxic compound was found to be the water-soluble complex [Ag(camphSO)(PTA)].
Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Cell Survival; Coordination Complexes; Cryptococcus neoformans; Crystallography, X-Ray; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphines; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Silver; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 32657125
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00982 -
Inorganic Chemistry Aug 2022We report the isolation and characterization of a series of three cobalt(II) bis(phosphine) complexes with varying numbers of coordinated solvent ligands in the axial...
We report the isolation and characterization of a series of three cobalt(II) bis(phosphine) complexes with varying numbers of coordinated solvent ligands in the axial position. X-ray quality crystals of [Co(dppv)][BF] , [Co(dppv)(NCCH)][BPh] , and [Co(dppv)(NCCH)][BF] (dppv = -1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene) were grown under slightly different conditions, and their structures were compared. This analysis revealed multiple crystallization motifs for divalent cobalt(II) complexes with the same set of phosphine ligands. Notably, the 4-coordinate complex is a rare example of a square-planar cobalt(II) complex, the first crystallographically characterized square-planar Co(II) complex containing only neutral, bidentate ligands. Characterization of the different axial geometries via EPR and UV-visible spectroscopies showed that there is a very shallow energy landscape for axial ligation. Ligand field angular overlap model calculations support this conclusion, and we provide a strategy for tuning other ligands to be axially labile on a phosphine scaffold. This methodology is proposed to be used for designing cobalt phosphine catalysts for a variety of oxidation and reduction reactions.
Topics: Cobalt; Crystallography, X-Ray; Ligands; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphines
PubMed: 35920800
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01562 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Sep 2020We report a proximity-driven crosslinking strategy featuring bioorthogonal cyclopropenones. These motifs react with phosphines to form electrophilic ketene-ylides. Such...
We report a proximity-driven crosslinking strategy featuring bioorthogonal cyclopropenones. These motifs react with phosphines to form electrophilic ketene-ylides. Such intermediates can be trapped by neighboring proteins to form covalent adducts. Successful crosslinking was achieved using a model split reporter, and the rate of crosslinking could be tuned using different phosphine triggers. We further demonstrated that the reaction can be performed in cell lysate. Based on these features, we anticipate that cyclopropenones will enable unique studies of protein-protein and other biomolecule interactions.
Topics: Bacteria; Biocompatible Materials; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cyclopropanes; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phosphines
PubMed: 32808608
DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04600k -
Photosynthesis Research Feb 2022Photoelectrosynthetic materials provide a bioinspired approach for using the power of the sun to produce fuels and other value-added chemical products. However, there...
Photoelectrosynthetic materials provide a bioinspired approach for using the power of the sun to produce fuels and other value-added chemical products. However, there remains an incomplete understanding of the operating principles governing their performance and thereby effective methods for their assembly. Herein we report the application of metalloporphyrins, several of which are known to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction, in forming surface coatings to assemble hybrid photoelectrosynthetic materials featuring an underlying gallium phosphide (GaP) semiconductor as a light capture and conversion component. The metalloporphyrin reagents used in this work contain a 4-vinylphenyl surface-attachment group at the β-position of the porphyrin ring and a first-row transition metal ion (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn) coordinated at the core of the macrocycle. In addition to describing the synthesis, optical, and electrochemical properties of the homogeneous porphyrin complexes, we also report on the photoelectrochemistry of the heterogeneous metalloporphyrin-modified GaP semiconductor electrodes. These hybrid, heterogeneous-homogeneous electrodes are prepared via UV-induced grafting of the homogeneous metalloporphyrin reagents onto the heterogeneous gallium phosphide surfaces. Three-electrode voltammetry measurements performed under controlled lighting conditions enable determination of the open-circuit photovoltages, fill factors, and overall current-voltage responses associated with these composite materials, setting the stage for better understanding charge-transfer and carrier-recombination kinetics at semiconductor|catalyst|liquid interfaces.
Topics: Catalysis; Gallium; Metalloporphyrins; Phosphines; Semiconductors
PubMed: 34021849
DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00834-2 -
Chemical Science Apr 2022The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of -stereogenic phosphines is an efficient strategy to access structurally diverse chiral phosphines that could serve as...
The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of -stereogenic phosphines is an efficient strategy to access structurally diverse chiral phosphines that could serve as organocatalysts and ligands to transition metals and motifs of antiviral drugs. Herein, we describe a Ni catalyzed highly regio and enantioselective hydrophosphinylation reaction of secondary phosphine oxides and enynes. This method afforded a plethora of alkenyl phosphine oxides which could serve as valuable precursors to bidentate ligands. A new type of mechanism was discovered by combined kinetic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which was opposed to the widely accepted Chalk-Harrod type mechanism. Notably, the alkene moiety which could serve as a directing group by coordinating with the Ni catalyst in the transition state, plays a vital role in determining the reactivity, regio and enantioselectivity.
PubMed: 35440997
DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00091a -
Toxicology in Vitro : An International... Apr 2021Photoinitiators (PIs) are widely used for photopolymerization in industrial area and recently paid close attention to in biomedical field. However, there are few reports... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Photoinitiators (PIs) are widely used for photopolymerization in industrial area and recently paid close attention to in biomedical field. However, there are few reports on their toxicity to human health. Here we explored cytotoxicity and cytocompatibilty of seven commercial and industrial-used PIs for developing their potential clinical application. Phenylbis(acyl) phosphine oxides (BAPO), 2-Benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4'-morpholinobutyrophenone (369), 4,4'-Bis(diethylamino) benzophenone (EMK), Diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO), and 2-Isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) caused different extent cytotoxicities to four tissue types of cells at the concentrations of 1 to 50 μM under a non-irradiation condition, of which the BAPO cytotoxicity was the highest, whereas Ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphinate (TPOL) and Methyl benzoylformate (MBF) displayed the lowest cellular toxicity. The cell lines and primary cells appeared highly sensitive to BAPO toxicity, the primary lymphocytes relatively to photoinitiator 369 (369) and EMK toxicities, LO2 cells to EMK and TPO toxicities, the primary lymphocytes and HUVEC-12 cells to MBF toxicity, but only HEK293T cells not to 369 toxicity. Furthermore, these PIs led to increasing cytotoxicity to different extents after exposure to 455 nm blue light, which is consistent with non-irradiation tendency. All the cells presented low sensitivity to TPOL and MBF, of which TPOL-triggered polymer is dramatically superior in its cytocompatibility to MBF, and in its transparency to clinically exclusively-used camphorquinone (CQ). The novel findings indicate that BAPO is the most toxic among the seven PIs, but TPOL and MBF are the least toxic, directing their development and application. Combined their triggered polymer cytocompatibility and color with reported deep curing efficiency, TPOL is more promising to be applied especially to clinical practice.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Benzophenones; Butyrophenones; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cyclic N-Oxides; Female; Humans; Light; Lymphocytes; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phosphines; Photoinitiators, Dental; Polymerization; Polymers; Thioxanthenes; Mice
PubMed: 33516932
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105103