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Environmental Toxicology Mar 2023In enhancing oil recovery, more and more new water-soluble polymers are developed to replace the high toxicity and low stability acrylamide (ACR) monomer. The common...
In enhancing oil recovery, more and more new water-soluble polymers are developed to replace the high toxicity and low stability acrylamide (ACR) monomer. The common replacement monomer is acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), which are considered safe and efficient. In this study, AA, ACR and AMPS caused remarkable cytotoxicity in Photobacterium phosphoreum, the rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) and the Human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH). ACR is much more lethal than AA and AMPS in PC12 and SK-N-SH cells, meanwhile, the toxicity of AA and AMPS decreases with the decrease of acid. Furthermore, similar to ACR, AA, and AMPS can induce severe DNA double-strand breakage in PC12 and SK-N-SH cells. Both AA and ACR can cause cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in PC12 and SK-N-SH cells. In addition, like ACR, AA, and AMPS can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in both PC12 and SK-N-SH cells. The acute toxicity of AA and AMPS is lower than ACR, however, the decline in acute toxicity in monomers does not mean toxic-free. We should focus on the toxicity of AA and ACR and reduce occupational contact to protect employee occupational health.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Humans; Acrylamide; Acrylamides; PC12 Cells
PubMed: 36583560
DOI: 10.1002/tox.23673 -
FEMS Microbiology Ecology Mar 2021Deciphering the cues that stimulate microorganisms to produce their full secondary metabolic potential promises to speed up the discovery of novel drugs....
Deciphering the cues that stimulate microorganisms to produce their full secondary metabolic potential promises to speed up the discovery of novel drugs. Ecology-relevant conditions, including carbon-source(s) and microbial interactions, are important effectors of secondary metabolite production. Vice versa secondary metabolites are important mediators in microbial interactions, although their exact natural functions are not always completely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of microbial interactions and in-culture produced antibiotics on the production of secondary metabolites by Vibrio coralliilyticus and Photobacterium galatheae, two co-occurring marine Vibrionaceae. In co-culture, production of andrimid by V. coralliilyticus and holomycin by P. galatheae, were, compared to monocultures, increased 4.3 and 2.7 fold, respectively. Co-cultures with the antibiotic deficient mutant strains (andrimid- and holomycin-) did not reveal a significant role for the competitor's antibiotic as stimulator of own secondary metabolite production. Furthermore, we observed that V. coralliilyticus detoxifies holomycin by sulphur-methylation. Results presented here indicate that ecological competition in Vibrionaceae is mediated by, and a cue for, antibiotic secondary metabolite production.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Photobacterium; Vibrio; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 33693627
DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab041 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 2023It has been reported that the gut microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis, but the specific pathogenic microbes and metabolites in different types of...
BACKGROUND
It has been reported that the gut microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis, but the specific pathogenic microbes and metabolites in different types of uveitis are still unclear.
METHODS
Microbiome and metabolites were detected using 16S ribosomal DNA and LC‒MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) in 45 individuals, including 16 patients with Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH), 11 patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and 18 healthy controls.
RESULT
The diversity of intestinal microbes among the VKH, AAU and control groups was not significantly different. Thirteen specific microbes and 38 metabolites were detected in the VKH group, and 7 metabolites (vanillin, erythro-isoleucine, pyrimidine, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, beta-tocopherol, (-)-gallocatechin and N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide) significantly changed only in patients with VKH, which mainly acted on nicotinamide and nicotinamide metabolism and biotin metabolism (p<0.05). Compared with the VKH group, the AAU group had milder intestinal changes. Only 11 specific microbes and 29 metabolites changed in the AAU group, while these metabolites were not specific (p<0.05). These metabolites mainly acted on arachidonic acid metabolism. In addition, three microbes and two metabolites had the same changes in the VKH and AAU groups (p<0.05). Multiple correlations were found between gut microbes and metabolites in the VKH and AAU groups. Six microbes (Pediococcus, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Photobacterium, Gardnerella and Lawsonia) and two metabolites (pyrimidine and gallocatechin) as biomarkers could effectively distinguish patients with VKH from patients with AAU and healthy individuals, with AUC (area under the curve) values greater than 82%. Four microbes (Lentilactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Cetobacterium, Liquorilactobacillus) could distinguish patients with AAU from patients with VKH and healthy controls with AUC>76%.
CONCLUSION
Significant differences in intestinal microbes and metabolites suggest their different roles in the pathogenesis of uveitis entities. Changes in the metabolism of certain B vitamins may be involved in the pathogenesis of VKH.
PubMed: 37821210
DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-324125 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Sep 2019In this study, we explored the individual and combined effects of ammonia-N and sulfide stress (1 mg/L sulfide and 15 mg/L ammonia-N) on the oxidation resistance,...
In this study, we explored the individual and combined effects of ammonia-N and sulfide stress (1 mg/L sulfide and 15 mg/L ammonia-N) on the oxidation resistance, immune response and intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei during 72 h exposure. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malonaldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT), the immune-relative gene (caspase-3, hsp70 and IMD) expression in hepatopancreas and intestine of L.vannamei and the intestinal microbiota were measured. The result showed that MDA and NO contents in hepatopancreas of L. vannamei in all treatment groups increased and remain were at high levels at the end of the stress exposure. The L. vannamei employ antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of T-AOC, SOD and CAT enzymes in hepatopancereas and intestine to reduce oxidant damage. More severe damages with combined ammonia-N and sulfide stress to antioxidant systems were observed. The gene expression results also demonstrated that antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei was severely impaired and the apoptosis cell was initiated under the ammonia-N and sulfide stress. In addition, the environmental stress also reshaped the intestinal microbial community structure of L. vannamei that a number of original genera decreased, such as Cellvibrio, Vibrio and Rheinheimera; some new genera increased or appeared, such as Photobacterium in all treatment groups, Arcobacter and Fusibacter in sulfide stress group. Therefore, the health of L. vannamei was severely impacted when exposed to the stress of ammonia nitrogen and sulfide and these two factors can have weak synergic effects.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Arthropod Proteins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity, Innate; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Penaeidae; Stress, Physiological; Sulfides
PubMed: 31200069
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.020 -
Microorganisms Feb 2023Caribbean sea urchins are marine invertebrates that have experienced a decline over the years. Studies on sea urchins have focused primarily on the microbiome of the...
Caribbean sea urchins are marine invertebrates that have experienced a decline over the years. Studies on sea urchins have focused primarily on the microbiome of the coelomic fluid or the gut microbiota. In this study, the epibiota community associated with four wild Caribbean sea urchin species, , , , and , was characterized for the first time. Using 57 sea urchin animal samples, we evaluated the influence of animal species, trophic niches, and geographical location on the composition of the epibiotic microbiota. We found significant differences in the bacterial biota among species and trophic niches, but not among geographical locations. exhibited the highest alpha diversity with high dominance of Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria, whereas and were dominated by Firmicutes. inhabiting the seagrass biotope dominated by meadows had mostly In contrast, samples located in the reef (dominated by corals and other reef builders) had a higher abundance of and Our findings confirm that the epibiotic microbiota is species-specific, but also niche-dependent, revealing the trophic networks emerging from the organic matter being recycled in the seagrass and reef niches. As echinoids are important grazers of benthic communities, their microbiota will likely influence ecosystem processes.
PubMed: 36838357
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020391 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023"Pirot 'ironed' sausage" (Pis) is a traditional, fermented sausage, made from different types of meat (beef and chevon), without additives or starter cultures. The...
"Pirot 'ironed' sausage" (Pis) is a traditional, fermented sausage, made from different types of meat (beef and chevon), without additives or starter cultures. The physical-chemical properties (pH, water activity, fats, moisture, and protein contents) were examined in the initial meat batter stuffing and during ripening. Total bacterial diversity was examined at different time points using both culturable (traditional) and non-culturable (NGS sequencing) approaches. During the ripening, a decrease in pH value, a, and moisture content was observed, as well as an increase in protein and fat content. At least a two-fold significant decrease was noted for colorimetric values during the ripening period. The dominance of and was observed in the non-culturable approach in all studied samples. During the ripening process, an increase in (from 33.5% to 63.5%) with a decrease in (from 65.4% to 22.3%) was observed. The bacterial genera that were dominant throughout the ripening process were , , , , and , while , , and were found also, but in negligible abundance. Among the culturable bacteria, () and were present in all stages of ripening.
PubMed: 36766190
DOI: 10.3390/foods12030664 -
The Journal of General and Applied... Sep 2020Oscillation in bacterial bioluminescence from Photobacterium kishitanii liquid culture was examined regarding reproducibility and bacterial cell activities, i.e.,...
Oscillation in bacterial bioluminescence from Photobacterium kishitanii liquid culture was examined regarding reproducibility and bacterial cell activities, i.e., dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption, esterase activity, and product production rate. A frequent increase in DO was suspected to be due to a rapid decrease in luminescence, and a simple model describing not only the monotonous decrease in cell activity, but also the luminescence-DO relationship is proposed.
Topics: Biological Clocks; Biomarkers; Esterases; Fluoresceins; Luminescence; Luminescent Measurements; Microbial Viability; Oxygen; Photobacterium; Reproducibility of Results; Time Factors
PubMed: 31827021
DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.07.002 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021Lightly preserved seafood products, such as cold-smoked fish and fish gravlax, are traditionally consumed in Europe and are of considerable economic importance. This...
Lightly preserved seafood products, such as cold-smoked fish and fish gravlax, are traditionally consumed in Europe and are of considerable economic importance. This work aimed to compare three products that were obtained from the same batch of fish: cold-smoked salmon (CSS) stored under vacuum packaging (VP) or a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and VP salmon dill gravlax (SG). Classical microbiological analyses and 16S rRNA metabarcoding, biochemical analyses (trimethylamine, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), biogenic amines, pH, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and sensory analyses (quantitative descriptive analysis) were performed on each product throughout their storage at a chilled temperature. The three products shared the same initial microbiota, which were mainly dominated by , and genera. On day 28, the VP CSS ecosystem was mainly composed of and, to a lesser extent, and genera, while was dominant in the MAP CSS. The diversity was higher in the SG, which was mainly dominated by , and . Although the sensory spoilage was generally weak, gravlax was the most perishable product (slight increase in amine and acidic off-odors and flavors, fatty appearance, slight discoloration and drop in firmness), followed by the VP CSS, while the MAP CSS did not spoil. Spoilage was associated with an increase in the TVBN, biogenic amines and spoilage associated VOCs, such as decanal, nonanal, hexadecanal, benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-butanone and 1-octen-3-one. This study showed that the processing and packaging conditions both had an effect on the microbial composition and the quality of the final product.
PubMed: 34828798
DOI: 10.3390/foods10112517 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2024Aquaculture has been recognized as a hotspot for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics.... (Review)
Review
Aquaculture has been recognized as a hotspot for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics. This review gives insights into studies investigating the prevalence of colistin and carbapenem resistance (CCR) among Gram-negative bacilli in aquaculture. Overall, a high incidence of CCR has been reported in aquatic farms in several countries, with CCR being more prevalent among opportunistic human pathogens such as Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Shewanella algae, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., as well as members of Enterobacteriaceae family. A high proportion of isolates in these studies exhibited wide-spectrum profiles of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting their multidrug-resistance properties (MDR). Several mobile colistin resistance genes (including, mcr-1, mcr-1.1, mcr-2, mcr-2.1, mcr-3, mcr-3.1, mcr-4.1, mcr-4.3, mcr-5.1, mcr-6.1, mcr-7.1, mcr-8.1, and mcr-10.1) and carbapenemase encoding genes (including, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-55, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMI, blaAIM, blaVIM, and blaIMP) have been detected in aquatic farms in different countries. The majority of these were carried on MDR Incompatibility (Inc) plasmids including IncA/C, and IncX4, which have been associated with a wide host range of different sources. Thus, there is a risk for the possible spread of resistance genes between fish, their environments, and humans. These findings highlight the need to monitor and regulate the usage of antimicrobials in aquaculture. A multisectoral and transdisciplinary (One Health) approach is urgently needed to reduce the spread of resistant bacteria and/or resistance genes originating in aquaculture and avoid their global reach.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Colistin; Carbapenems; Prevalence; Public Health; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Plasmids; Aquaculture; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38059867
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad288 -
Microbial Genomics Dec 2023This study presents the assembly and comparative genomic analysis of luminous strains isolated from the light organs of 12 fish species using Oxford Nanopore...
This study presents the assembly and comparative genomic analysis of luminous strains isolated from the light organs of 12 fish species using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing. The majority of assemblies achieved chromosome-level continuity, consisting of one large (>3 Mbp) and one small (~1.5 Mbp) contig, with near complete BUSCO scores along with varying plasmid sequences. Leveraging this dataset, this study significantly expanded the available genomes for and its subspecies , enabling a comparative genomic analysis between the two lineages. An analysis of the large and small chromosomes unveiled distinct patterns of core and accessory genes, with a larger fraction of the core genes residing on the large chromosome, supporting the hypothesis of secondary chromosome evolution from megaplasmids in Vibrionaceae. In addition, we discovered a proposed new species, sp. nov., isolated from an acropomatid host, with an average nucleotide identify (ANI) of 93 % compared to the and strains. A comparison of the and lineages revealed minimal differences in gene content, yet highlighted the former's larger genome size and potential for horizontal gene transfer. An investigation of the operon, responsible for light production, indicated congruence between the presence of and host family, challenging its role in differentiating from . Further insights were derived from the identification of metabolic differences, such as the presence of the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase respiratory complex I in as well as variations in the type II secretion system (T2S) genes between the lineages, potentially impacting protein secretion and symbiosis. In summary, this study advances our understanding of genome evolution, highlighting subtle differences between closely related lineages, specifically and . These findings highlight the benefit of long read sequencing for bacterial genome assembly and pangenome analysis and provide a foundation for exploring early bacterial speciation processes of these facultative light organ symbionts.
Topics: Animals; Photobacterium; Symbiosis; DNA, Bacterial; Genomics; Genome, Bacterial
PubMed: 38112751
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001161