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Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Nov 2022Polyfluoroaryl compounds belong to privileged moieties and engender distinct properties in many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Over the past decade,... (Review)
Review
Polyfluoroaryl compounds belong to privileged moieties and engender distinct properties in many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Over the past decade, considerable seminal reports and reviews have merely paid close attention to fluoroalkylation chemistry, such as trifluoromethylation, difluoroalkylation, perfluoroalkylation, trifluoromethylthiolation or trifluoromethoxylation. Polyfluoroarylation has inevitably lagged somewhat behind its fluoroalkylation counterparts, emanating from a lack of awareness and understanding of the synthetic significance. Together with the renaissance of photochemistry, the photocatalytic polyfluoroarylation using polyfluoroarenes as an inexpensive and easy-available radical precursor has emerged as a topical interest and vibrant area of chemical research. In this review, we have endeavored to present the state-of-the-art in photocatalytic polyfluoroarylation since 2014, and the discussions cover the basic concept, reaction design, mechanistic insight, and research prospects, which are organized by the reaction types. We hope this review will provide a comprehensive overview of this topic and stimulate significant research interest.
Topics: Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; Photochemistry
PubMed: 36349779
DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05000e -
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Jan 2023Iron is the trace element of natural selection by the biological systems due to its versatile coordination chemistry, and is recently explored for medicinal and... (Review)
Review
Iron is the trace element of natural selection by the biological systems due to its versatile coordination chemistry, and is recently explored for medicinal and diagnostic applications. Photo-activated states of iron complexes exhibiting substitution, dissociation, isomerization reactions, intramolecular redox reactions or energy transfer to other molecules have attracted the attention across the globe for the potent applications in photo-chemotherapy. There is a significant advancement on the development of iron-based complexes for photochemotherapeutic applications. Here in we reviewed the photo-activated states and photochemistry of iron complexes, and recent advances made in the area of photochemotherapy of iron complexes relevant to the photochemistry of iron complexes.
Topics: Iron; Photochemotherapy; Photochemistry; Oxidation-Reduction; Coordination Complexes
PubMed: 36335746
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112055 -
Chemical Society Reviews Jul 2022The purpose of this Tutorial Review is to outline the fundamental photochemistry of metal carbonyls, and to show how the advances in technology have increased our... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this Tutorial Review is to outline the fundamental photochemistry of metal carbonyls, and to show how the advances in technology have increased our understanding of the detailed mechanisms, particularly how relatively simple experiments can provide deep understanding of complex problems. We recall some important early experiments that demonstrate the key principles underlying current research, concentrating on the binary carbonyls and selected substituted metal carbonyls. At each stage, we illustrate with examples from recent applications. This review first considers the detection of photochemical intermediates in three environments: glasses and matrices; gas phase; solution. It is followed by an examination of the theory underpinning these observations. In the final two sections, we briefly address applications to the characterization and behaviour of complexes with very labile ligands such as N, H and alkanes, concentrating on key mechanistic points, and also describe some principles and examples of photocatalysis.
Topics: Ligands; Metals; Photochemistry; Transition Elements
PubMed: 35708003
DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00826a -
Chem Sep 2023Recently, organic synthesis has seen a renaissance in radical chemistry due to the accessibility of mild methods for radical generation using visible light. While...
Recently, organic synthesis has seen a renaissance in radical chemistry due to the accessibility of mild methods for radical generation using visible light. While renewed interest in synthetic radical chemistry has been driven by the advent of photoredox catalysis, a resurgence of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) photochemistry has also led to many new radical transformations. Similar to photoredox catalysis, EDA photochemistry involves light-promoted single-electron transfer pathways. However, the mechanism of electron transfer in EDA systems is unique wherein the lifetimes of radical intermediates are often shorter due to competitive back-electron transfer. Distinguishing between EDA and photoredox mechanisms can be challenging since they can form identical products. In this perspective, we seek to provide insight on the mechanistic studies which can distinguish between EDA and photoredox manifolds. Additionally, we highlight some key challenges in EDA photochemistry and suggest future goals which could advance the synthetic potential of this field of research.
PubMed: 37873033
DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.06.013 -
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research Dec 2022Photochemistry is a powerful synthetic tool resulting in the construction of unique substances. Remarkably, photochemistry has been relatively underexplored in the...
Photochemistry is a powerful synthetic tool resulting in the construction of unique substances. Remarkably, photochemistry has been relatively underexplored in the cannabinoid area and represents a valuable opportunity for further discovery.
Topics: Photochemistry
PubMed: 36251456
DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0113 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... May 2022The ability of light to remotely control the properties of soft matter materials in a dynamic fashion has fascinated material scientists and photochemists for decades....
The ability of light to remotely control the properties of soft matter materials in a dynamic fashion has fascinated material scientists and photochemists for decades. However, only recently has our ability to map photochemical reactivity in a finely wavelength resolved fashion allowed for different colors of light to independently control the material properties of polymer networks with high precision, driven by monochromatic irradiation enabling orthogonal reaction control. The current concept article highlights the progress in visible light-induced photochemistry and explores how it has enabled the design of polymer networks with dynamically adjustable properties. We will explore current applications ranging from dynamic hydrogel design to the light-driven adaptation of 3D printed structures on the macro- and micro-scale. While the alternation of mechanical properties via remote control is largely reality for soft matter materials, we herein propose the next frontiers for adaptive properties, including remote switching between conductive and non-conductive properties, hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, fluorescent or non-fluorescent, and cell adhesive vs. cell repellent properties.
Topics: Adhesives; Electric Conductivity; Hydrogels; Photochemistry; Polymers
PubMed: 35213069
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104466 -
Continuous-Flow Chemistry and Photochemistry for Manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022An active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is any substance in a pharmaceutical product that is biologically active. That means the specific molecular entity is capable... (Review)
Review
An active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is any substance in a pharmaceutical product that is biologically active. That means the specific molecular entity is capable of achieving a defined biological effect on the target. These ingredients need to meet very strict limits; chemical and optical purity are considered to be the most important ones. A continuous-flow synthetic methodology which utilizes a continuously flowing stream of reactive fluids can be easily combined with photochemistry, which works with the chemical effects of light. These methods can be useful tools to meet these strict limits. Both of these methods are unique and powerful tools for the preparation of natural products or active pharmaceutical ingredients and their precursors with high structural complexity under mild conditions. This review shows some main directions in the field of active pharmaceutical ingredients' preparation using continuous-flow chemistry and photochemistry with numerous examples of industry and laboratory-scale applications.
Topics: Technology, Pharmaceutical; Biological Products; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36500629
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238536 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Mar 2024Photochemistry has emerged as a transformative force in organic chemistry, significantly expanding the chemical space accessible for medicinal chemistry. Light-induced... (Review)
Review
Photochemistry has emerged as a transformative force in organic chemistry, significantly expanding the chemical space accessible for medicinal chemistry. Light-induced reactions enable the efficient synthesis of intricate organic structures and have found applications throughout the different stages of the drug discovery and development processes. Moreover, photochemical techniques provide innovative solutions in chemical biology, allowing precise spatiotemporal drug activation and targeted delivery. In this Perspective, we highlight the already numerous remarkable applications and the even more promising future of photochemistry in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
Topics: Photochemistry; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Discovery; Biology
PubMed: 38457829
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02109 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Dec 2021Surgical site infections constitute a major health concern that may be addressed by conferring antibacterial properties to surgical tools and medical devices functional... (Review)
Review
Surgical site infections constitute a major health concern that may be addressed by conferring antibacterial properties to surgical tools and medical devices functional coatings. Bio-sourced polymers are particularly well-suited to prepare such coatings as they are usually safe and can exhibit intrinsic antibacterial properties or serve as hosts for bactericidal agents. The goal of this Review is to highlight the unique contribution of photochemistry as a green and mild methodology for the development of such bio-based antibacterial materials. Photo-generation and photo-activation of bactericidal materials are illustrated. Recent efforts and current challenges to optimize the sustainability of the process, improve the safety of the materials and extend these strategies to 3D biomaterials are also emphasized.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biological Products; Green Chemistry Technology; Humans; Light; Nanoparticles; Photochemistry; Photosensitizing Agents; Polymerization; Polymers; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 34807217
DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01801a -
Macromolecular Rapid Communications Aug 2023Poly(vinyl ketones) (PVKs) have received considerable attention over the past few decades due to their unique photochemistry and photodegradation properties under... (Review)
Review
Poly(vinyl ketones) (PVKs) have received considerable attention over the past few decades due to their unique photochemistry and photodegradation properties under ultraviolet (UV) light. Many PVKs rapidly undergo photodegradation under UV light. The side-chain carbonyl moieties of PVKs permit photolysis through Norrish type I or Norrish type II reaction mechanisms and can also be readily modified by nucleophilic addition reactions. These unique properties lead to this class of polymers serving as versatile scaffolds for generating functional materials. This review captures the evolution of synthetic routes to access well-defined PVKs, along with their photochemistry and photo-degradation pathways, and discusses recent and potential applications of these photodegradable materials.
Topics: Polymers; Ketones; Ultraviolet Rays; Photolysis; Photochemistry
PubMed: 37163690
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300126