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Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... May 2020As newly emerged crystalline porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess fascinating structures and some specific features such as modularity,... (Review)
Review
As newly emerged crystalline porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess fascinating structures and some specific features such as modularity, crystallinity, porosity, stability, versatility, and biocompatibility. Besides adsorption/separation, sensing, catalysis, and energy applications, COFs have recently shown a promise in biomedical applications. This contribution provides an overview of the recent developments of COF-based medicines in cancer therapeutics, including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and combined therapy. Furthermore, the major challenges and developing trends in this field are also discussed. These recent developments are summarized and discussed to help encourage further contributions in this emerging and promising field.
Topics: Adsorption; Catalysis; Humans; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Porosity
PubMed: 31880368
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905150 -
Drug Discovery Today Apr 2023Bacterial infections constitute a major challenge of clinical medicine, particularly in specialties such as dermatology and dental medicine. Antiseptics and antibiotics... (Review)
Review
Bacterial infections constitute a major challenge of clinical medicine, particularly in specialties such as dermatology and dental medicine. Antiseptics and antibiotics are the main adjunctive therapies to anti-infective procedures in these specialties. However, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been introduced as a novel and promising alternative to conventional antibacterial approaches. PDT relies on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a photosensitizer (PS) after activation by a specific light source. Nanotechnology was later introduced to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of PS during PDT. In this review, we describe the different nanoparticles (NPs) used in PDT and their properties. Recent in vivo data of NPs in antibacterial PDT in dermatology and dental medicine and their safety concerns are also reviewed.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; Nanotechnology; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36657636
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103493 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment option for cancer. In PDT, photosensitizers are delivered to tumors and stimulated by light to generate reactive...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment option for cancer. In PDT, photosensitizers are delivered to tumors and stimulated by light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-most importantly singlet oxygen (O)-to damage tumor cells or induce tissue ischemia. PDT is associated with a low level of systemic toxicity because photosensitizers are usually pharmaceutically inactive in the dark and photoirradiation is applied only to tumor areas in the procedure. Additionally, PDT can be applied repeatedly without cumulative toxicity or incurring resistance, and may stimulate systemic anti-tumor immunity. However, PDT's clinical use has been restricted due to the limited penetration of visible light through tissues. X-rays possess superior tissue penetration capability and are exploited in X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy to overcome this limitation. Herein we have demonstrated this principle with a novel LiGaO:Cr (LGO:Cr)-based nanoscintillator which emits near-infrared X-ray luminescence to both guide external beam therapy and induce PDT with the photosensitizer (2,3-naphthalocyanine) encapsulated in a mesoporous silica shell of the nanoscintillator.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Nanoparticles; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; X-Rays
PubMed: 35094359
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_42 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Sep 2023Owing to their long absorption wavelengths, high molar absorptivity, and tunable photosensitivity, phthalocyanines have been widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT).... (Review)
Review
Owing to their long absorption wavelengths, high molar absorptivity, and tunable photosensitivity, phthalocyanines have been widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, phthalocyanines still face the drawbacks of poor targeting, "always-on" photosensitizing properties, and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency, which limit their wide applications in biomedical fields. Thus, new design strategies such as modification of targeting molecules, formation of nanoparticles, and activating photosensitizers are developed to improve the above defects. Notably, recent studies have shown that novel phthalocyanines are not only used in fluorescence imaging and PDT, but also in photoacoustic imaging, photothermal imaging, sonodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy. This review focuses on recent design strategies, applications in biomedicine, and clinical development of phthalocyanines, providing ideas and references for the design and application of phthalocyanine, so as to promote their future transformation into clinical applications.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Isoindoles; Chemical Phenomena
PubMed: 37039069
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300263 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2021Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that utilizes photodamage caused by photosensitizers and oxygen after exposure to a specific wavelength of light.... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that utilizes photodamage caused by photosensitizers and oxygen after exposure to a specific wavelength of light. Owing to its low toxicity, high selectivity, and minimally invasive properties, PDT has been widely applied to treat various malignant tumors, premalignant lesions, and infectious diseases. Moreover, there is growing evidence of its immunomodulatory effects and potential for the treatment of immune-related diseases. This review mainly focuses on the effect of PDT on immunity and its application in immune-related diseases.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Oxygen; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 33940209
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102318 -
Cancer Research Feb 2022In 1978, a Cancer Research article by Dougherty and colleagues reported the first large-scale clinical trial of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of 113 cutaneous...
In 1978, a Cancer Research article by Dougherty and colleagues reported the first large-scale clinical trial of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of 113 cutaneous or subcutaneous lesions associated with ten different kinds of malignancies. In classic applications, PDT depends on excitation of a tissue-localized photosensitizer with wavelengths of visible light to damage malignant or otherwise diseased tissues. Thus, in this landmark article, photosensitizer (hematoporphyrin derivative) dose, drug-light interval, and fractionation scheme were evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy and normal tissue damage. From their observations came early evidence of the mechanisms of PDT's antitumor action, and in the decades since this work, our knowledge of these mechanisms has grown to build an understanding of the multifaceted nature of PDT. These facets are comprised of multiple cell death pathways, together with antivascular and immune stimulatory actions that constitute a PDT reaction. Mechanism-informed PDT protocols support the contribution of PDT to multimodality treatment approaches. Moreover, guided by an understanding of its mechanisms, PDT can be applied to clinical needs in fields beyond oncology. Undoubtedly, there still remains more to learn; new modes of cell death continue to be elucidated with relevance to PDT, and factors that drive PDT innate and adaptive immune responses are not yet fully understood. As research continues to forge a path forward for PDT in the clinic, direction is provided by anchoring new applications in mechanistically grounded protocol design, as was first exemplified in the landmark work conducted by Dougherty and colleagues. See related article by Dougherty and colleagues, Cancer Res 1978;38:2628-35.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Apoptosis; Autophagy; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35180305
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-4122 -
British Journal of Cancer Sep 2020Oncological phototherapy, including current photodynamic therapy (PDT), developmental photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), shows promising...
Oncological phototherapy, including current photodynamic therapy (PDT), developmental photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), shows promising photo-efficacy for superficial and internal tumours. The dual application of light and photochemotherapeutic agents allows accurate cancer targeting, low invasiveness and novel mechanisms of action. Current advances in new light sources and photoactive agents are encouraging for future development.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Photothermal Therapy
PubMed: 32587359
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0926-3 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Bimetallic nanomaterials (BMNs) composed of two different metal elements have certain mixing patterns and geometric structures, and they often have superior properties... (Review)
Review
Bimetallic nanomaterials (BMNs) composed of two different metal elements have certain mixing patterns and geometric structures, and they often have superior properties than monometallic nanomaterials. Bimetallic-based nanomaterials have been widely investigated and extensively used in many biomedical fields especially cancer therapy because of their unique morphology and structure, special physicochemical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and synergistic effect. However, most reviews focused on the application of BMNs in cancer diagnoses (sensing, and imaging) and rarely mentioned the application of the treatment of cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the recent progress of BNMs as therapeutic agents. We first introduce and discuss the synthesis methods, intrinsic properties (size, morphology, and structure), and optical and catalytic properties relevant to cancer therapy. Then, we highlight the application of BMNs in cancer therapy (e.g., drug/gene delivery, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, enzyme-mediated tumor therapy, and multifunctional synergistic therapy). Finally, we put forward insights for the forthcoming in order to make more comprehensive use of BMNs and improve the medical system of cancer treatment.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Neoplasms; Nanostructures; Diagnostic Imaging
PubMed: 36557846
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248712 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2022
Topics: Forecasting; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 34890780
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102679 -
Biomolecular Concepts Mar 2022Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure that can exert a curative action against malignant cells. The treatment implies the administration of a...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure that can exert a curative action against malignant cells. The treatment implies the administration of a photoactive molecular species that, upon absorption of visible or near infrared light, sensitizes the formation of reactive oxygen species. These species are cytotoxic and lead to tumor cell death, damage vasculature, and induce inflammation. Clinical investigations demonstrated that PDT is curative and does not compromise other treatment options. One of the major limitations of the original method was the low selectivity of the photoactive compounds for malignant over healthy tissues. The development of conjugates with antibodies has endowed photosensitizing molecules with targeting capability, so that the compounds are delivered with unprecedented precision to the site of action. Given their fluorescence emission capability, these supramolecular species are intrinsically theranostic agents.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 35304984
DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0010