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Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Feb 2023Although chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed for fighting cancer, the complex and heterogeneous nature of tumors makes it difficult for a... (Review)
Review
Although chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed for fighting cancer, the complex and heterogeneous nature of tumors makes it difficult for a single therapy to completely inhibit tumor growth. In order to reduce multidrug resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and overcome low PDT efficiency in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), chemo/PDT synergistic treatment has received much attention in recent years. Depending on the characteristic signals of TME, various drug delivery systems can be constructed to target tumors and improve the therapeutic efficacy and the pharmacokinetic profile of anticancer drugs. This review highlights the synergistic strategies, treatment protocols, and design of chemo/PDT co-therapy in recent years to explore its scope and limitations. Taking advantage of stimuli-responsive materials and active cancer-targeting agents, cancer-targeting synergistic therapy is presented and discussed, providing ideas and suggestions for the construction of chemo/PDT co-therapy "smart" nanocarriers.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Nanoparticles; Drug Delivery Systems; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36734612
DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02248f -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Feb 2024Molecularly generated light, referred to here as "molecular light", mainly includes bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, and Cerenkov luminescence. Molecular light... (Review)
Review
Molecularly generated light, referred to here as "molecular light", mainly includes bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, and Cerenkov luminescence. Molecular light possesses unique dual features of being both a molecule and a source of light. Its molecular nature enables it to be delivered as molecules to regions deep within the body, overcoming the limitations of natural sunlight and physically generated light sources like lasers and LEDs. Simultaneously, its light properties make it valuable for applications such as imaging, photodynamic therapy, photo-oxidative therapy, and photobiomodulation. In this review article, we provide an updated overview of the diverse applications of molecular light and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of molecular light across various domains. Lastly, we present forward-looking perspectives on the potential of molecular light in the realms of molecular imaging, photobiological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and photobiomodulation. While some of these perspectives may be considered bold and contentious, our intent is to inspire further innovations in the field of molecular light applications.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 37955419
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314468 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2022Light-mediated therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have been exploited as minimally invasive techniques for ablation of... (Review)
Review
Light-mediated therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have been exploited as minimally invasive techniques for ablation of various tumors., Both modalities may eradicate tumors with minimal side effects to normal tissues and organs. Moreover, developments of light-mediated approaches using nanoparticles (NPs) and photosensitizer (PS) as diagnostic and therapeutic agents may have a crucial role in achieving successful cancer treatment. In recent years, novel nanoplatforms and strategies have been investigated to boost the therapeutic effect.. In this regard, gold, iron oxide, graphene oxide nanoparticles and hybrid nanocomposites have attracted attention.. Moreover, the combination of these materials with PS, in the form of hybrid NPs, reduces in vitro and in vivo normal tissue cytotoxicity, improves their solubility property in the biological environment and enhances the therapeutic effects. In this review, we look into the basic principles of PTT and PDT with their strengths and limitations to treat cancers. We also will discuss light-based nanoparticles and their PTT and PDT applications in the preclinical and clinical translation. Also, recent advances and trends in this field will be discussed along with the clinical challenges of PTT and PDT.
Topics: Gold; Nanoparticles; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy
PubMed: 34936918
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102697 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2022Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory chronic disease with difficult management. In some scenarios, intralesional (IL) treatments could be useful. However,... (Review)
Review
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory chronic disease with difficult management. In some scenarios, intralesional (IL) treatments could be useful. However, the scientific evidence available is limited and heterogeneous. We aimed to synthesize the available scientific evidence on IL treatments in HS. We conducted a systematic review in July 2021. The clinical databases reviewed included MEDLINE and Embase. All types of epidemiological studies and case series with at least 10 patients were included; reviews, guidelines, protocols, conference abstracts, case series with less than 10 patients, and case reports were excluded. Fifteen articles representing 599 patients and 1,032 lesions were included for review. Corticosteroid injections were the most reported treatment. They showed effectiveness for the treatment of acute inflammatory lesions and fistulas in terms of reduction of lesion counts, symptoms, and signs of inflammation and were safe in general terms. Light-based therapies were the other main treatment group, including photodynamic therapy and 1,064-nm diode laser. They were also effective, but more local and systemic adverse events were reported. Other treatments included botulinum toxin type B and punch-trocar-assisted cryoinsufflation (cryopunch). They were effective and safe, although were reported anecdotally. The main limitation of the systematic review was the general quality of the articles included. In conclusion, IL treatments such as corticosteroid injections and light-based therapies seem to be effective and safe for both acute inflammatory lesions and fistulas, although more prospective studies, with higher sample sizes and with standardized outcomes are needed to provide more scientific evidence on the subject.
Topics: Humans; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Prospective Studies; Photochemotherapy; Injections, Intralesional; Adrenal Cortex Hormones
PubMed: 35477143
DOI: 10.1159/000524121 -
Experimental & Molecular Medicine Apr 2021Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered a noninvasive and cost-effective modality for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of tumor microenvironments poses... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered a noninvasive and cost-effective modality for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of tumor microenvironments poses challenges to the implementation of traditional PDT. Here, we review recent advances in PDT to resolve the current problems. Major breakthroughs in PDTs are enabling significant progress in molecular medicine and are interconnected with innovative strategies based on smart bio/nanomaterials or therapeutic insights. We focus on newly developed PDT strategies designed by tailoring photosensitive reactive oxygen species generation, which include the use of proteinaceous photosensitizers, self-illumination, or oxygen-independent approaches. While these updated PDT platforms are expected to enable major advances in cancer treatment, addressing future challenges related to biosafety and target specificity is discussed throughout as a necessary goal to expand the usefulness of PDT.
Topics: Animals; Biological Therapy; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Death; Disease Management; Humans; Luminescent Proteins; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33833374
DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00599-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2020Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been known as an effective method for treating surface cancer tissues. Although this technique is widely used in modern medicine,... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been known as an effective method for treating surface cancer tissues. Although this technique is widely used in modern medicine, some novel approaches for deep lying tumors have to be developed. Recently, deeper penetration of X-rays into tissues has been implemented, which is now known as X-ray photodynamic therapy (XPDT). The two methods differ in the photon energy used, thus requiring the use of different types of scintillating nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are known to convert the incident energy into the activation energy of a photosensitizer, which leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Since not all photosensitizers are found to be suitable for the currently used scintillating nanoparticles, it is necessary to find the most effective biocompatible combination of these two agents. The most successful combinations of nanoparticles for XPDT are presented. Nanomaterials such as metal-organic frameworks having properties of photosensitizers and scintillation nanoparticles are reported to have been used as XPDT agents. The role of metal-organic frameworks for applying XPDT as well as the mechanism underlying the generation of reactive oxygen species are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Hydroxyl Radical; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Mice; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Neoplasm Transplantation; Oxygen; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; X-Rays
PubMed: 32503329
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114004 -
Biomolecules Jan 2020There have been many reports on the relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and various types of diseases. This review covers mitochondrial targeting... (Review)
Review
There have been many reports on the relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and various types of diseases. This review covers mitochondrial targeting photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy as a therapeutic strategy for inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. We also discuss other mitochondrial targeting phototherapeutic methods. In addition, we discuss anti-oxidant therapy by a mitochondrial drug delivery system (DDS) as a therapeutic strategy for suppressing oxidative stress. We also describe cell therapy for reducing oxidative stress in mitochondria. Finally, we discuss the possibilities and problems associated with clinical applications of mitochondrial DDS to regulate mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Topics: Antioxidants; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 31948035
DOI: 10.3390/biom10010083 -
International Ophthalmology Mar 2024Keratitis is corneal inflammatory disease which may be caused by several reason such as an injury, allergy, as well as a microbial infection. Besides these, overexposure... (Review)
Review
Keratitis is corneal inflammatory disease which may be caused by several reason such as an injury, allergy, as well as a microbial infection. Besides these, overexposure to ultraviolet light and unhygienic practice of contact lenses are also associated with keratitis. Based on the cause of keratitis, different lines of treatments are recommended. Photodynamic therapy is a promising approach that utilizes light activated compounds to instigate either killing or healing mechanism to treat various diseases including both communicable and non-communicable diseases. This review focuses on clinically-important patent applications and the recent literature for the use of photodynamic therapy against keratitis.
Topics: Humans; Keratitis; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Contact Lenses; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 38491335
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03062-4 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors.... (Review)
Review
Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors. Conventional treatments of bone cancer include wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, some bone cancer cells may remain or recur in the local area after resection, some are highly resistant to chemotherapy, and some are insensitive to radiotherapy. Phototherapy (PT) including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a clinically approved, minimally invasive, and highly selective treatment, and has been widely reported for cancer therapy. Under the irradiation of light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitizer (PS) in PDT can cause the increase of intracellular ROS and the photothermal agent (PTA) in PTT can induce photothermal conversion, leading to the tumoricidal effects. In this review, the progress of PT applications in the treatment of bone cancer has been outlined and summarized, and some envisioned challenges and future perspectives have been mentioned. This review provides the current state of the art regarding PDT and PTT in bone cancer and inspiration for future studies on PT.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Gold; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteosarcoma; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Photothermal Therapy; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 34768789
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111354 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive phototherapeutic approach for cancer therapy that can eliminate local tumor cells and produce systemic antitumor... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive phototherapeutic approach for cancer therapy that can eliminate local tumor cells and produce systemic antitumor immune responses. In recent years, significant efforts have been made in developing strategies to further investigate the immune mechanisms triggered by PDT. The majority of in vitro experimental models still rely on the two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures that do not mimic a three-dimensional (3D) cellular environment in the human body, such as cellular heterogeneity, nutrient gradient, growth mechanisms, and the interaction between cells as well as the extracellular matrix (ECM) and therapeutic resistance to anticancer treatments. In addition, in vivo animal studies are highly expensive and time consuming, which may also show physiological discrepancies between animals and humans. In this sense, there is growing interest in the utilization of 3D tumor models, since they precisely mimic different features of solid tumors. This review summarizes the characteristics and techniques for 3D tumor model generation. Furthermore, we provide an overview of innate and adaptive immune responses induced by PDT in several in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Future perspectives are highlighted for further enhancing PDT immune responses as well as ideal experimental models for antitumor immune response studies.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Models, Biological; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 34884424
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312618