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Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Jun 2022MXenes and their related nanocomposites with superior physicochemical properties such as high surface area, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high drug loading... (Review)
Review
MXenes and their related nanocomposites with superior physicochemical properties such as high surface area, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high drug loading capacity, collective therapy potentials, pH-triggered drug release behavior, high photothermal conversion, and excellent photodynamic efficiency have been explored as alluring materials in photomedicine; the application of photons in medicine is facilitated for imaging and various disease treatment methods such as photothermal cancer/tumor ablation. Non-invasive theranostic strategies with synergistic activities have been developed using photothermal, photodynamic, and magnetic therapies together with remotely controlled drug/gene delivery for the diagnosis and treatment of various malignant diseases. Photothermal/photodynamic therapy and photoacoustic imaging using MXene-based structures have shown great promise in cancer phototherapy. However, hybridization and surface functionalization should be further explored to obtain biocompatible MXene-based composites/platforms with unique properties, high stability, and improved functionality in photomedicine. Toxicological and long-term biosafety assessments as well as clinical translation evaluations ought to be given high priority in research. Although some limited studies have revealed the excellent potentials of MXenes and their derivatives in photomedicine, further steps should be taken towards extensive research and detailed analysis in the field of optimizing the properties and improving the performance of these materials with a clinical and industrial outlook. Optical biosensing platforms have been developed along with electrochemical sensors and wearable sensors constructed from MXenes and their derivatives; future studies warrant the comprehensive analysis of optical transduction aspects such as colorimetry, electrochemiluminescence, photoluminescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and surface plasmon resonance. Herein, the potentials of MXenes in photomedicine are deliberated encompassing important challenges and future research directions.
Topics: Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Nanocomposites; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy
PubMed: 35708319
DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01694j -
Dermatologic Clinics Jan 2020Phototherapy in skin of color requires special consideration. Pigmented skin is an efficient ultraviolet filter. Hence, higher doses of ultraviolet radiation are... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy in skin of color requires special consideration. Pigmented skin is an efficient ultraviolet filter. Hence, higher doses of ultraviolet radiation are generally more effective and well tolerated in skin of color. An objective and practical system has not yet been established to determine optimal phototherapy dosing in skin of color. The authors recommend obtaining a detailed history of each individual patient's response to sun exposure before prescribing a phototherapy dosing regimen. In addition, providers should consider the role of socioeconomic factors and their impact on phototherapy-related outcomes, including barriers to access and compliance.
Topics: Humans; Phototherapy; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 31753193
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2019.08.006 -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Feb 2021Being a carbon-based hybrid, graphene-semiconductor composites have attracted considerable attention in recent decades owing to their potential features such as high... (Review)
Review
Being a carbon-based hybrid, graphene-semiconductor composites have attracted considerable attention in recent decades owing to their potential features such as high photosensitivity, extended light absorption, and effective separation of charge carriers, thus have been regarded as a promising platform for environmental and biomedical applications, respectively. In this mini-review, we first summarized the recent advancements in the development of graphene-based semiconductor nanocomposites via sol-gel, solution mixing, in situ growth, hydrothermal, and solvothermal approaches, and then comprehensively reviewed their potential light activated cancer phototherapeutic applications. Finally, we rationally analyze the current challenges and new perspectives for the future development of more effective phototherapeutic nanoagents. We hope to offer enriched information to harvest the utmost fascinating properties of graphene as a platform to construct efficient graphene/semiconductor hybrids for cancer phototherapy.
Topics: Animals; Carbon; Graphite; Humans; Materials Testing; Mice; Nanocomposites; Nanomedicine; Neoplasms; Phototherapy; Semiconductors
PubMed: 33470976
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/abdd6e -
Dermatologic Clinics Jul 2024Phototherapy has utility as a psoriatic therapy, given its relatively high clinical efficacy, low side effect profile, and lower cost compared to newer effective... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy has utility as a psoriatic therapy, given its relatively high clinical efficacy, low side effect profile, and lower cost compared to newer effective treatments like biologics and small molecules. Phototherapy has shown Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)-75 and PASI-90 rates comparable to those of biologics and small molecules, with similarly rapid onsets of action, rates of remission, and quality of life scores. Certain patients may particularly benefit from phototherapy, such as those with localized disease or contraindications to systemic immunomodulatory medication. Phototherapy can be more cost-effective than biologics and conveniently administered at home, making it a valuable therapeutic option for the right patient.
Topics: Humans; Psoriasis; Biological Products; Phototherapy; Severity of Illness Index; PUVA Therapy; Ultraviolet Therapy
PubMed: 38796271
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2024.02.002 -
Dermatologic Clinics Jan 2020Ultraviolet (UV) radiation contributes to the development of skin cancer through direct and indirect DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species, and local... (Review)
Review
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation contributes to the development of skin cancer through direct and indirect DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species, and local immunomodulation. The association between UV radiation and skin cancer has raised concern for the risk of carcinogenesis following phototherapy. The photocarcinogenic impact of psoralen and UVA radiation (PUVA) has been extensively studied, whereas limited safety studies exist for other phototherapy modalities, such as broadband and narrowband UVB and UVA1. Because of the as of yet unclear risk, patients who have undergone any type of phototherapy should be followed for age-appropriate skin cancer screening.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Humans; Phototherapy; Psoriasis; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31753190
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2019.08.003 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Apr 2021Prurigo nodularis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by highly pruritic nodular lesions that cause constant itching and scratching and significant... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Prurigo nodularis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by highly pruritic nodular lesions that cause constant itching and scratching and significant quality-of-life impairment. It has been described in a range of conditions, including skin diseases (mainly atopic dermatitis) and metabolic, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. The pathophysiological mechanisms are largely unknown. Various modalities of phototherapy have been described as appropriate and safe treatments for achieving clinical control and alleviating symptoms. In this article, we describe our experience with phototherapy in patients with prurigo nodularis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective observational study of patients who received their first cycle of phototherapy to treat prurigo nodularis between March 2011 and October 2019. Information was collected on epidemiological and clinical characteristics, concomitant treatments, type and duration of phototherapy, maximum dose reached, and response to treatment.
RESULTS
We studied 44 patients (30 women and 14 men) with a median age of 65.5years. The most common form of phototherapy used was narrowband UV-B phototherapy (34 cycles, 77.27%) followed by a combination of UV-B and UV-A phototherapy (8 cycles). Response to treatment was considered satisfactory (clearance rate of ≥75%) in 24 patients (55.4%).
CONCLUSIONS
Phototherapy is a suitable treatment for prurigo nodularis in a considerable proportion of patients. It can be used as monotherapy or combined with other treatments.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Observational Studies as Topic; Phototherapy; Prurigo; Pruritus; Skin; Ultraviolet Therapy
PubMed: 33221272
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.11.007 -
Biomaterials Aug 2021Over the past decades, transition metal complexes have been successfully used in anticancer phototherapies. They have shown promising properties in many different areas... (Review)
Review
Over the past decades, transition metal complexes have been successfully used in anticancer phototherapies. They have shown promising properties in many different areas including photo-induced ligand exchange or release, rich excited state behavior, and versatile biochemical properties. When encorporated into polymeric frameworks and become part of nanostructures, photoresponsive metallopolymer nanoparticles (MPNs) show enhanced water solubility, extended blood circulation and increased tumor-specific accumulation, which greatly improves the tumor therapeutic effects compared to low-molecule-weight metal complexes. In this review, we aim to present the recent development of photoresponsive MPNs as therapeutic nanomedicines. This review will summarize four major areas separately, namely platinum-containing polymers, zinc-containing polymers, iridium-containing polymers and ruthenium-containing polymers. Representative MPNs of each type are discussed in terms of their design strategies, fabrication methods, and working mechanisms. Current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
Topics: Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Phototherapy; Precision Medicine; Ruthenium
PubMed: 34102525
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120915 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Aug 2019As traditional phototherapy agents, boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) photosensitizers have attracted increasing attention due to their high molar extinction coefficients,... (Review)
Review
As traditional phototherapy agents, boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) photosensitizers have attracted increasing attention due to their high molar extinction coefficients, high phototherapy efficacy, and excellent photostability. After being formed into nanostructures, BODIPY-containing nano-photosensitizers show enhanced water solubility and biocompatibility as well as efficient tumor accumulation compared to BODIPY molecules. Hence, BODIPY nano-photosensitizers demonstrate a promising potential for fighting cancer. This review contains three sections, classifying photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and the combination of PDT and PTT based on BODIPY nano-photosensitizers. It summarizes various BODIPY nano-photosensitizers, which are prepared via different approaches including molecular precipitation, supramolecular interactions, and polymer encapsulation. In each section, the design strategies and working principles of these BODIPY nano-photosensitizers are highlighted. In addition, the detailed in vitro and in vivo applications of these recently developed nano-photosensitizers are discussed together with future challenges in this field, highlighting the potential of these promising nanoagents for new tumor phototherapies.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Boron; Humans; Neoplasms; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Porphobilinogen
PubMed: 30785670
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804927 -
Dermatologic Therapy Aug 2022There are several types of medical settings which use lasers. Dermatologists use lasers as it is non-invasive with preferential cosmetic outcomes and finer wound... (Review)
Review
There are several types of medical settings which use lasers. Dermatologists use lasers as it is non-invasive with preferential cosmetic outcomes and finer wound healing. The types of lasers are relying on their wavelengths and delivery systems. Over time, by using several distinct devices and strategies, new lasers have been generated; as a consequence, they are manipulated in a wide range of dermatological settings. In this review, laser applications in various vascular, infectious, and hyperpigmented cutaneous lesions were framed. We aimed to represent the fitness of phototherapy for each condition as well as the overall challenges that face laser. In addition, low-level laser therapy, and laser resurfacing were noted as the marketable line of lasers in the current time for cosmetic purposes.
Topics: Humans; Laser Therapy; Lasers; Low-Level Light Therapy; Phototherapy; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35714173
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15647 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Aug 2023Photoresponsive materials offer excellent spatiotemporal control over biological processes and the emerging phototherapeutic methods are expected to have significant... (Review)
Review
Photoresponsive materials offer excellent spatiotemporal control over biological processes and the emerging phototherapeutic methods are expected to have significant effects on targeted cancer therapies. Recent examples show that combination of photoactivatable approaches with bioorthogonal chemistry enhances the precision of targeted phototherapies and profound implications are foreseen particularly in the treatment of disperse/diffuse tumors. The extra level of on-target selectivity and improved spatial/temporal control considerably intensified related bioorthogonally assisted phototherapy research. The anticipated growth of further developments in the field justifies the timeliness of a brief summary of the state of the art.
Topics: Humans; Phototherapy; Neoplasms; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 37161824
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303198