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Nanoscale Nov 2019Biomolecular hydrogels assembled from biomolecules, such as proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides, are promising candidates for facilitating biomedical applications... (Review)
Review
Biomolecular hydrogels assembled from biomolecules, such as proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides, are promising candidates for facilitating biomedical applications due to their advantages of high biocompatibility, adjustable mechanical properties, functional diversity, and good degradability. This review focuses on current progress in the field of supramolecular injectable biomolecular hydrogels and their applications in antitumor photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), combined PDT and PTT, and antibacterial phototherapy with emphasis on biomolecular hydrogelators, injectable behaviors, phototherapeutic functions, and the remaining challenges. We hope that this review can provide useful inspiration for the construction and biological applications of novel photo-functional hydrogels as well as phototherapies.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Humans; Hydrogels; Infrared Rays; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Rheology
PubMed: 31728467
DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06266a -
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and... Dec 2022
Topics: Phototherapy; Low-Level Light Therapy
PubMed: 36507767
DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0110 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Feb 2021Phototherapy is a safe and effective treatment for many dermatologic conditions. With the advent of novel biologics and small molecule inhibitors, it is important to... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy is a safe and effective treatment for many dermatologic conditions. With the advent of novel biologics and small molecule inhibitors, it is important to critically evaluate the role of phototherapy in dermatology. Surveys have shown that many dermatology residency programs do not dedicate time to teaching residents how to prescribe or administer phototherapy. Limitations of phototherapy include access to a center, time required for treatments, and insurance approval. Home phototherapy, a viable option, is also underused. However, it should be emphasized that modern phototherapy has been in use for over 40 years, has an excellent safety profile, and does not require laboratory monitoring. It can be safely combined with many other treatment modalities, including biologics and small molecule inhibitors. In addition, phototherapy costs significantly less than these novel agents. Dermatologists are the only group of physicians who have the expertise and proper training to deliver this treatment modality to our patients. Therefore, to continue to deliver high-quality, cost-effective care, it is imperative that phototherapy be maintained as an integral part of the dermatology treatment armamentarium.
Topics: Biological Factors; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Dermatology; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Phototherapy; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Skin Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32339702
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.095 -
Dermatologic Clinics Jan 2020
Topics: Dermatology; Education, Medical, Graduate; Humans; Phototherapy; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 31753197
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2019.09.002 -
Physiological Research Dec 2022Phototherapy is the most effective non-invasive method of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia treatment. Application of this method can be associated with side effects including... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy is the most effective non-invasive method of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia treatment. Application of this method can be associated with side effects including changes in the cardiovascular system. During phototherapy, the primary effects in the cardiovascular system include cutaneous vasodilation leading to skin hyperperfusion and subsequent redistribution of blood. The increased blood flow through the skin is associated with increased transepidermal water loss. Further effects include an increase in cerebral blood flow. Redistribution of blood to the cutaneous bed is compensated by hypoperfusion in the splanchnic area (mostly postprandial) and a significant reduction of the renal blood flow. Regarding closure/reopening of the ductus arteriosus, the results suggest that that phototherapy does not affect ductal patency. During phototherapy the cardiac output can be slightly reduced due to a decreased stroke volume, especially in preterm newborns. Systemic blood pressure is decreased and heart rate is elevated in both preterm and term newborns during phototherapy. The heart rate variability is slightly reduced. Symbolic dynamics analysis of the short-term HRV showed that during phototherapy the activity of the ANS regulating the heart rate is shifted towards the dominancy of the sympathetic activity. The responses in the cardiovascular system of premature/mature newborns without other pathology confirm a well physiologically functioning control of this system, even under specific conditions of phototherapy.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Heart; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Cardiac Output; Phototherapy
PubMed: 36647906
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935002 -
Chemical Society Reviews Oct 2022Light-based phototherapy has been developed for cancer treatment owing to its non-invasiveness and spatiotemporal control. Despite the unique merits of phototherapy, one... (Review)
Review
Light-based phototherapy has been developed for cancer treatment owing to its non-invasiveness and spatiotemporal control. Despite the unique merits of phototherapy, one critical disadvantage of light is its limited penetration depth, which restricts its application in cancer treatment. Although many researchers have developed various strategies to deliver light into deep-seated tumors with two-photon and near-infrared light irradiation, phototherapy encounters the peculiar limitations of light. In addition, high oxygen dependency is another limitation of photodynamic therapy to treat hypoxic tumors. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional treatments, various energy sources have been developed for cancer treatment. Generally, most energy sources, such as ultrasound, chemiluminescence, radiation, microwave, electricity, and magnetic field, are relatively free from the restraint of penetration depth. Combining other strategies or therapies with other energy-source-based therapies improves the strength and compensates for the weakness. This tutorial review focuses on recent advances in the diverse energy sources utilized in cancer treatment and their future perspectives.
Topics: Humans; Luminescence; Neoplasms; Oxygen; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy
PubMed: 36069855
DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00102k -
Accounts of Chemical Research May 2023Phototherapy including optogenetics, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and photoimmunotherapy (PIT) has been proven to be effective against...
Phototherapy including optogenetics, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and photoimmunotherapy (PIT) has been proven to be effective against different diseases. However, as the name suggests, phototherapy requires light irradiation, thus its therapeutic efficiency is often restricted by limited depth of light penetration within biological tissue. This light penetration limitation is significantly adverse to PDT and optogenetics because both therapies are usually activated with UV and visible light of very poor tissue penetration efficiency. Current light delivery methods usually involve cumbersome setups and require optical fiber or catheter insertion, which not only restrict the movement of patients but also impose incompatibility issues with chronic implantation. To address the existing challenges, wireless phototherapy was developed through various approaches over recent years, which usually relies on implantable wireless electronic devices. However, the application of wireless electronic devices is limited by invasion during implantation, unwanted heat generation, and adverse immunogenicity of these devices.Over the recent years, applying light conversion nanomaterials as light transducers for wireless phototherapy has garnered much interest. Compared with implantable electronic devices and optical fiber, nanomaterials can be easily injected into the body with minimal invasiveness and can also be surface functionalized to increase their biocompatibility and cell accumulation efficiency. Commonly applied light conversion nanomaterials include upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), X-ray nanoscintillators, and persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs). UCNPs and X-ray nanoscintillators can respectively convert near-infrared (NIR) light and X-ray, which have good tissue penetration efficiency, to UV or visible light, which is suitable for activating phototherapy. PLNPs can be excited by external light such as X-rays and NIR light and retain long afterglow luminescence after the removal of the excitation light source. As a result, applying PLNPs in phototherapy can potentially reduce irradiation time from external light sources, thus minimizing tissue photodamage. This Account aims to briefly discuss (i) the mechanisms of different phototherapies, (ii) the development and mechanisms of light conversion nanomaterials, (iii) the application of light conversion nanomaterials in wireless phototherapy, highlighting how they relieve current challenges in phototherapy, and (iv) perspectives for future development of light conversion nanomaterials for wireless phototherapy.
Topics: Humans; Phototherapy; Nanoparticles; Luminescence; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 36897248
DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00699 -
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England... Sep 2022Phototherapy, the use of light to selectively ablate cancerous tissue, is a compelling prospect. Phototherapy is divided into two major domains: photodynamic and... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy, the use of light to selectively ablate cancerous tissue, is a compelling prospect. Phototherapy is divided into two major domains: photodynamic and photothermal, whereby photosensitizer irradiation generates reactive oxygen species or heat, respectively, to disrupt the cancer microenvironment. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are prominent phototherapeutics due to their desirable optical properties and structural versatility. Targeting of Pc photosensitizers historically relied on the enhanced permeation and retention effect, but the weak specificity engendered by this approach has hindered bench-to-clinic translation. To improve specificity, antibody and peptide active-targeting groups have been employed to some effect. An alternative targeting method exploits the binding of anticancer drugs to direct the photosensitizer close to essential cellular components, allowing for precise, synergistic phototherapy. This Perspective explores the use of Pc-drug conjugates as targeted anticancer phototherapeutic systems with examples of Pc-platin, Pc-kinase, and Pc-anthracycline conjugates discussed in detail.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Indoles; Isoindoles; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36018269
DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02040h -
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... 2024Nanotechnology-based phototherapies have drawn interest in the fight against cancer because of its noninvasiveness, high flexibility, and precision in terms of cancer... (Review)
Review
Nanotechnology-based phototherapies have drawn interest in the fight against cancer because of its noninvasiveness, high flexibility, and precision in terms of cancer targeting and drug delivery based on its surface properties and size. Phototherapy has made remarkable development in recent decades. Approaches to phototherapy, which utilize nanomaterials or nanotechnology have emerged to contribute to advances around nanotechnologies in medicine, particularly for cancers. A brief overviews of the development of photodynamic therapy as well as its mechanism in cancer treatment is provided. We emphasize the design of novel nanoparticles utilized in photodynamic therapy while summarizing the representative progress during the recent years. Finally, to forecast important future research in this area, we examine the viability and promise of photodynamic therapy systems based on nanoparticles in clinical anticancer treatment applications and briefly make mention of the elimination of all reactive metabolites pertaining to nano formulations inside living organisms providing insight into clinical mechanistic processes. Future developments and therapeutic prospects for photodynamic treatments are anticipated. Our viewpoints might encourage scientists to create more potent phototherapy-based cancer therapeutic modalities. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
Topics: Humans; Phototherapy; Photochemotherapy; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37752098
DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1930 -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... May 2022Vitiligo is a chronic pigmentary skin disorder that results in white, hypopigmented macules and patches. It causes a considerable psychological and emotional burden on... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo is a chronic pigmentary skin disorder that results in white, hypopigmented macules and patches. It causes a considerable psychological and emotional burden on the affected individuals and their families. Several therapeutic options have been employed in vitiligo including topical and oral drugs, surgical techniques, and phototherapy which is considered the cornerstone treatment. Different wavelengths and modalities are available, but narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) is considered the safest and the most effective phototherapy alternative. NB-UVB acts on multiple steps in vitiligo pathogenesis, and it is capable of inducing stabilization and repigmentation of vitiligo lesions. Technological advances have led to the development of both new phototherapy devices and new medical and surgical therapeutic options that can be combined with phototherapy to achieve optimal results. There is no standard treatment, and individual patient and disease characteristics should be considered. We review the current evidence in what concerns UVB phototherapy for vitiligo treatment, including novel combination treatments that may help to provide the best care for these patients.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Phototherapy; Treatment Outcome; Ultraviolet Rays; Ultraviolet Therapy; Vitiligo
PubMed: 34626483
DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12740