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Chemosphere Jul 2023With the increasing demand for P fertilizer for world food production, the use of soil organic P fraction via mineralization could become an important P resource in...
With the increasing demand for P fertilizer for world food production, the use of soil organic P fraction via mineralization could become an important P resource in agricultural soils. However, the predominant organic P species, phytic acid, has been considered rather recalcitrant to mineralization due to its active interaction with dissolved metals like Ca in soil pore water. Calcium ions can be an inhibitor to many phytases, yet the mechanism was not clear. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of Ca(aq) on the phytase activity and inhibitory mechanisms using batch degradation kinetic experiments, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR, and Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The phytase activity followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and increased Michaelis constant K and decreased V with Ca addition were observed at pH 6. Therefore, mixed inhibition was the inhibition mechanism which was likely a result of the allosteric effect of Ca. The near-UV CD spectra supported phytase secondary conformational change upon the interaction between Ca and the enzyme. It was found that phytase initially reacted with the D/L-3 phosphate of phytic acid at pH 6. At pH 8, the overall phytase activity decreased, yet the effect of Ca on phytase activity was the opposite of that of pH 6. Enhanced phytase activity with Ca addition was attributed to the structural change of phytic acid upon the Ca complexation, which was confirmed by NOE spectra. The Ca-phytic acid complex might be a more favorable substrate than the free phytic acid. Unlike the findings from pH 6, Ca didn't induce significant changes in either the near- or far-UV region of the CD spectra at pH 8. Furthermore, P5 was found to be the target of phytase at pH 8. The study revealed the pH-specific effects of Ca on the mineralization of phytic acid.
Topics: Phosphorus; Phytic Acid; 6-Phytase; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37088210
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138761 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Feb 2022In this work, the LC-MS-ESI-TOF method for simultaneous determination of phytates (inositol mono-, bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, pentakis-, and hexakisphosphates, abbreviated...
In this work, the LC-MS-ESI-TOF method for simultaneous determination of phytates (inositol mono-, bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, pentakis-, and hexakisphosphates, abbreviated to IP1, IP2, IP3, IP4, IP5, and IP6, respectively) in food samples was developed and validated. The suitability of U-C-labelled maize as a source for labelled internal standards for quantification of phytates was elucidated. The effectiveness of liberating IP1, IP2, IP3, IP4, and IP5 from phytic acid extracted form U-C-labelled maize was evaluated for a variety of hydrolysis conditions, including enzymatic and acid hydrolysis. Enzymatic degradation of phytic acid using phytase (PHYZYME XP 5000 L) was very effective; phytic acid was degraded to lower phytates, but their distribution was unequal. Chemical hydrolysis was conducted under acidic conditions using hydrochloric acid and elevated temperatures up to 140 °C. The highest yields of IP4, IP5, and IP6 and of IP1, IP2, and IP3 were achieved by chemical hydrolysis at 105 °C for 7 h and 24 h, respectively. Thus, a combination of these two chemical treatments was selected for internal standard production. The developed LC-MS-ESI-TOF method was tested and successfully validated using plant-based food samples with different distribution of phytates. With this method, different forms of phytates in foods were separated and quantified simultaneously within 20 min. The high accuracy and precision of the developed method were guaranteed using respective labelled internal standards derived from U-C-labelled maize.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Liquid; Food Analysis; Hydrolysis; Isotope Labeling; Phytic Acid; Reproducibility of Results; Seeds; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Zea mays
PubMed: 35024913
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03770-1 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2020Plant-based foods gain more importance since they play a key role in sustainable, low-meat and healthy diets. In developing countries, these food products, especially... (Review)
Review
Plant-based foods gain more importance since they play a key role in sustainable, low-meat and healthy diets. In developing countries, these food products, especially legumes and cereals, are important staple foods. Nevertheless, the question arises on how efficient they are to deliver minerals and if it is useful to encourage their consumption to reduce the prevalence of mineral deficiencies? This review paper focuses on the discrepancy between the mineral content and the amount of minerals that can be released and absorbed from plant-based foods during human digestion which can be attributed to several inherent factors such as the presence of mineral antinutrients (phytic acid, polyphenols and dietary fiber) and physical barriers (surrounding macronutrients and cell wall). Further, this review paper summarizes the effects of different processing techniques (milling, soaking, dehulling, fermentation, germination and thermal processing) on mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of plant-based foods. The positive impact of these techniques mostly relies on the fact that antinutrients levels are reduced due to removal of fractions rich in antinutrients and/or due to their leaching into the processing liquid. Although processing can have a positive effect, it also can induce leaching out of minerals and a reduced mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability.
Topics: Biological Availability; Crops, Agricultural; Edible Grain; Fabaceae; Food Handling; Humans; Minerals; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 30632768
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1552243 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Oct 2019Among the 10 leading causes of death in developed countries are chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The effect of these multifactorial diseases on public health... (Review)
Review
Among the 10 leading causes of death in developed countries are chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The effect of these multifactorial diseases on public health has stimulated considerable research aimed at investigating their primary risk factors (genetic factors, stress, food intake, and amount of physical exercise). Thus, healthful foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, oils, grains, and seeds) are sources of bioactive compounds that promote good health and disease prevention. Among their components are non-caloric substances identified as non-nutrients (polyphenols, phytosterols, saponins, and phytates), which have been found to have a role in modulating metabolic pathways, maintaining health, and preventing NCDs. The aim of this study is to demonstrate and review the performance of some non-nutrients, such as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, modulation of the antiatherogenic lipid profile (higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerols), reduction of glucose and fat intestinal absorption, increase in insulin sensitivity, and stimulation of nitic oxide synthesis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Obesity; Phytic Acid; Phytosterols; Polyphenols; Saponins
PubMed: 31200299
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.016 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020The objective of this study was to examine the protective effect of phytic acid (PA) in reducing oxidative stress in an animal model for human hereditary hemochromatosis...
The objective of this study was to examine the protective effect of phytic acid (PA) in reducing oxidative stress in an animal model for human hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) fed high-fat diets. Sixty-four ß2 microglobulin knockout (β2m KO) mice were randomly assigned to three treatments by feeding: control (basal), atherogenic (AT), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diets. One-half of the mice in each treatment group were fed 2% () PA. The ß2m+/+ mice (wild type (WT)) were fed a basal diet. All seven groups were fed for 10 weeks with a 50-ppm iron-containing diet (AIN-93G). Free iron and lipids were measured in serum samples. Nonheme iron, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase concentrations were measured in the liver tissue. Nonheme iron concentration in ß2m KO mice (on the basal diet) was 20× higher ( < 0.0001) than in the WT mice. Compared to the WT mice, ß2m KO mice had a significantly higher concentration of free iron in the serum ( < 0.0001), six-fold higher hepatic TBARs ( < 0.0001), and 18% lower hepatic SOD level. When PA was added to the β2m KO basal diet, a reduction (26 to 50%) of iron concentration was seen in the liver and heart. The addition of PA also significantly reduced TBARs in all three dietary groups of the iron-overloaded group, but most effectively in the control group. An increase in SOD concentration was seen only in the PUFA group, but serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration was reduced in both dietary fat groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that PA protects against oxidative stress-induced by genetic iron overload alone or when fed high fat.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diet, High-Fat; Iron; Iron Overload; Lipids; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Oxidative Stress; Phytic Acid; Protective Agents; Weight Gain; beta 2-Microglobulin
PubMed: 33203173
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225331 -
Biomaterials Advances Sep 2022Development of an artificial ligament possessing osteogenic activity to enhance ligament-bone healing for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a great...
Development of an artificial ligament possessing osteogenic activity to enhance ligament-bone healing for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a great challenge. Herein, polyetheretherketone fibers (PKF) were coated with phytic acid (PA)/magnesium (Mg) ions complex (PKPM), which were woven into fabrics as an artificial ligament. The results demonstrated that PKPM with PA/Mg complex coating exhibited optimized surface properties with improved hydrophilicity and surface energy, and slow release of Mg ions. PKPM significantly enhanced responses of rat bone marrow stem cells in vitro. Moreover, PKPM remarkably promoted M2 macrophage polarization that upregulated production of anti-inflammatory cytokine while inhibited M1 macrophage polarization that downregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokine in vitro. Further, PKPM inhibited fibrous encapsulation by preventing M1 macrophage polarization while promoted osteogenesis for ligament-bone healing by triggering M2 macrophage polarization in vivo. The results suggested that the downregulation of M1 macrophage polarization for inhibiting fibrogenesis and upregulation of M2 macrophage polarization for improving osteogenesis of PKPM were attributed to synergistic effects of PA and sustained release of Mg ions. In summary, PKPM with PA/Mg complex coating upregulated pro-osteogenic macrophage polarization that supplied a profitable anti-inflammatory environments for osteogenesis and ligament-bone healing, thereby possessing tremendous potential for reconstruction of ACL.
Topics: Animals; Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Benzophenones; Cytokines; Ions; Magnesium; Osteogenesis; Phytic Acid; Polymers; Rats
PubMed: 35985068
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213079 -
International Journal of Biological... Apr 2023Bio-based hydrophobic coating modified cotton fabrics with durable flame retardancy are of high interest in the application of oil-water separation for not only avoiding...
Bio-based hydrophobic coating modified cotton fabrics with durable flame retardancy are of high interest in the application of oil-water separation for not only avoiding the use of hazardous substances but also improving the fire safety during use. Herein, phytic acid@Polyurushiol‑titanium complex coated cotton fabric was developed using the facile dip-coating method involving the sequential immersion in the solution of poly(ethyleneimine), phytic acid, titanium oxide, and urushiol. The underlying coating accommodated abundance of phytic acid, which imparted excellent flame retardancy to cotton fabric, and the top coating composed of the polyurushiol‑titanium complex endowed cotton fabric with high hydrophobicity that the water contact angle (WCA) was up to 149.8°. The hydrophobicity also guaranteed effective protection of the underlying phytic acid against chemical solvents and abrasion. Besides, the hydrophobic coating allowed cotton fabric for good self-cleaning and effective oil-water separation. Therefore, the preparation of phytic acid@polyurushiol‑titanium complex coated cotton fabric offers a promising approach to construct durable biomass-coated cellulose-based fabric with multifunctionality.
Topics: Cotton Fiber; Phytic Acid; Titanium; Textiles; Water
PubMed: 36822294
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123782 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Apr 2023Nutritional status monitoring plays an important role in the maintenance of human health and disease prevention. Monitoring the intake of vitamins can support the...
Nutritional status monitoring plays an important role in the maintenance of human health and disease prevention. Monitoring the intake of vitamins can support the improvement of diet behavior. In this work, a polyaniline (PANI) film-based nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor was prepared to track the vitamin C level in sweat. The PANI film was modified with organic acids (ethylformic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and phytic acid). The phytic acid-modified PANI film based on sensor has a wide detection range (0.5-500 μmol·L), high sensitivity (665.5 and 326.2 μA·(mmol·L)·cm), and low detection limit (0.17 μmol·L) toward vitamin C in sweat. The phytate enhances the band transport between PANI chains, which increases the electrical conductivity of the film to improve the electrochemical properties of the sensor. In addition, we monitored changes of vitamin C levels in human body after taking vitamin C pills by detecting sweat or saliva. The ability to track the pharmacological profile demonstrates the potential of PANI film-based sensors for applications in personalized nutritional intake and tracking. And a simple and portable vitamin C detection system was developed to improve the practicability of the sensor. This work provides an idea for the application of wearable electrochemical sensing devices in nutrition guidance.
Topics: Humans; Sweat; Ascorbic Acid; Phytic Acid; Biosensing Techniques; Wearable Electronic Devices; Vitamins
PubMed: 37036913
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22345 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Nov 2021Significant amounts of nutrients, including dietary fibers, proteins, minerals, and vitamins are present in legumes, but the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs)...
BACKGROUND
Significant amounts of nutrients, including dietary fibers, proteins, minerals, and vitamins are present in legumes, but the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) like phytic acid, tannins, and enzyme inhibitors impact the consumption of legumes and nutrient availability. In this research, the effect of a physical process (sonication or precooking) and fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici on the ANFs of some legumes was evaluated.
RESULTS
Total phenolic content was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced for modified and fermented substrates compared with non-fermented controls. Trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) was reduced significantly for all substrates except for unsonicated soybean and lentils fermented with L. plantarum and P. acidilactici. When physical processing was done, there was a decrease in TIA for all the substrate. Phytic acid content decreased for physically modified soybean and lentil but not significantly for green pea. Even though there was a decrease in ANFs, there was no significant change in in vitro protein digestibility for all substrates except for unsonicated L. plantarum fermented soybean flour and precooked L. plantarum fermented lentil. Similarly, there was a change in amino acid content when physically modified and fermented.
CONCLUSION
Both modified and unmodified soybean flour, green pea flour, and lentil flour supported the growth of L. plantarum and P. acidilactici. The fermentation of this physically processed legume and pulse flours influenced the non-nutritive compounds, thereby potentially improving nutritional quality and usage. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Fermentation; Flour; Food Handling; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lens Plant; Nutrition Assessment; Pisum sativum; Phytic Acid; Seeds
PubMed: 33792043
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11229 -
PloS One 2023This study evaluated phytic acid (IP6) effect on the viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium release of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells in...
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated phytic acid (IP6) effect on the viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium release of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells in optimal (OGL) and elevated glucose level (EGL) in cell culture media.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cells were seeded in OGL (1000mg/L) or EGL (4500 mg/L) media. IP6 was added at 0.005%, 0.01% or 0.02% concentrations for 24 or 48h, and XTT assay was performed. Cell differentiation and calcium release in presence of 0.02% IP6 in OGL or EGL in non-osteogenic or osteogenic media were analyzed using ALP assay and alizarin red staining, respectively.
RESULTS
In OGL, IP6 enhanced the viability of the cells at both exposure times (P<0.05). However, IP6 lowered the viability of the cells with the presence of EGL compared to the control at both exposure times, except for 0.02% IP6 which showed comparable viability to the control at 48 h. In OGL and EGL, ALP activity of the cells was not affected by the presence of IP6 in non-osteogenic media; however, in osteogenic media IP6 lowered the ALP activity. Meanwhile, calcium release was the highest with IP6 within osteogenic media of EGL.
CONCLUSIONS
IP6 effects on the HPDL cells were dependent on IP6 concentration, time of exposure, glucose levels and the osteogenic condition of the media.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study gives insights on the potential therapeutic effect of IP6 as adjunctive periodontal therapy in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Phytic Acid; Periodontal Ligament; Calcium; Osteogenesis; Cells, Cultured; Cell Differentiation; Fibroblasts; Glucose; Cell Proliferation; Alkaline Phosphatase
PubMed: 38096253
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295612