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British Poultry Science Dec 20231. Phytic acid (PA) is an antinutritional factor in poultry diets. The effect of high dietary PA in chicken diets might be exacerbated when the particle size of oyster...
1. Phytic acid (PA) is an antinutritional factor in poultry diets. The effect of high dietary PA in chicken diets might be exacerbated when the particle size of oyster shell (OS) is too fine. Thus, this study investigated the hypothesis that high PA with fine OS particle size would impair growth in broilers.2. Two hundred and eighty Cobb 500 broilers were assigned to four diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a CRD. The factors were PA (low or high) and OS particle size (fine or coarse) in starter, grower and finisher diets. Data collected were performance, Ca digestibility, gastrointestinal pH and bone traits.3. On d 21, high PA increased intake ( < 0.05), gain ( = 0.099) and body weight (BW; = 0.093) compared to low PA. On d 42, high PA increased BW ( = 0.086) and gain ( = 0.089) compared to low PA. High PA increased intake ( = 0.063), BW ( = 0.054) and gain ( = 0.056) compared to low PA on d 56. High PA improved liveability on d 56 ( < 0.05) compared to low PA. In birds fed coarse OS, crop and ileal pH were reduced ( < 0.05) by high PA on d 28. The OS × PA interaction was observed for ileal pH ( < 0.05) on d 56, where in birds fed coarse OS, low PA increased ileal pH. Fine OS increased crop ( = 0.056) and proventriculus pH ( < 0.05) on d 56. There were no treatment effects on calcium digestibility. In birds fed fine OS, high PA decreased the BS ( < 0.05).4. Overall, the study showed that a combination of high PA and coarse OS particle size improves the production performance of broilers, while low PA and coarse OS improve their bone health.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Calcium; Phytic Acid; Particle Size; Digestion; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Calcium Carbonate; Calcium, Dietary; Diet; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ostreidae
PubMed: 37747291
DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2262401 -
Australian Endodontic Journal : the... Sep 2023Successful root canal treatment requires effective irrigation of the entire root canal system. While chelating agents support irrigation, they can also alter...
Successful root canal treatment requires effective irrigation of the entire root canal system. While chelating agents support irrigation, they can also alter physicochemical properties of the root dentin structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different chelation agents on root dentin roughness. Twenty-five extracted maxillary incisors were used in this study. Samples were separated longitudinally and divided into five groups: distilled water, NaOCl, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phytic acid and citric acid (CA). Atomic force microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were used for analysing. One-way analysis of variance and Turkey tests were used in the statistical analysis of the study. EDTA, CA and phytic acid solutions increased the roughness and phytic acid and CA solutions decreased the Ca/P ratio in dentin tissue. No statistical difference was observed in the other groups. The decrease of Ca/P ratio should be taken under consideration during irrigation. The increase in surface roughness may provide clinical benefit by supporting the adhesion of the root canal filling materials to the dentin surface.
Topics: Edetic Acid; Phytic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite; Dentin; Chelating Agents; Dental Pulp Cavity; Citric Acid; Root Canal Irrigants
PubMed: 36116094
DOI: 10.1111/aej.12691 -
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Oct 2023Phosphorous actively participates in numerous metabolic and regulatory activities of almost all living organisms including animals and humans. Therefore, it is... (Review)
Review
Phosphorous actively participates in numerous metabolic and regulatory activities of almost all living organisms including animals and humans. Therefore, it is considered as an essential macronutrient required supporting their proper growth. On contrary, phytic acid (PA), an antinutritional substance, is widely known for its strong affinity to chelate essential mineral ions including PO , Ca , Fe , Mg , and Zn . Being one the major reservoir of PO ions, PA has great potential to bind PO ions in diverse range of foods. Once combined with P, PA transforms into an undigested and insoluble complex namely phytate. Produced phytate leads to a notable reduction in the bioavailability of P due to negligible activity of phytases in monogastric animals and humans. This highlights the importance and consequent need of enhancement of phytase level in these life forms. Interestingly, phytases, catalyzing the breakdown of phytate complex and recycling the phosphate into ecosystem to its available form, have naturally been reported in a variety of plants and microorganisms over past few decades. In pursuit of a reliable solution, the focus of this review is to explore the keynote potential of bacterial phytases for sustainable management of phosphorous via efficient utilization of soil phytate. The core of the review covers detailed discussion on bacterial phytases along with their widely reported applications viz. biofertilizers, phosphorus acquisition, and plant growth promotion. Moreover, meticulous description on fermentation-based strategies and future trends on bacterial phytases have also been included.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Phytic Acid; 6-Phytase; Ecosystem; Phosphorus; Phosphates
PubMed: 37042496
DOI: 10.1002/bab.2466 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jan 2022The preferable choice of sustained peptide delivery systems is generally polymer-based microspheres in which their large particle size, wide size distribution, low drug...
The preferable choice of sustained peptide delivery systems is generally polymer-based microspheres in which their large particle size, wide size distribution, low drug encapsulation efficacy, poor colloidal stability, and undesirable burst release eventually hinder their clinical translation. In this study, a nanoscale ternary Lixisenatide (Lix) sustained delivery system based on strong multivalent interactions (electrostatic and coordination complexation) among small molecular phytic acid (PA), Lix and Fe was developed. Flash nanocomplexation (FNC) was utilized to facilitate the rapid and efficient mixing of the three components and kinetically control the assembly process that enabled dynamic balance of two competitive chemical reactions with different kinetic rates (slow chemical reaction of PA/Lix and fast chemical reaction of PA/Fe) to generate structural uniform ternary nanoparticles and avoid heterogeneous complexes. By tuning the mixing conditions (i.e., flow rate, mass ratio, concentration, pH value, etc.), the ternary PA/Lix/Fe nanoparticles were assembled with reproducible production in a manner of high uniformity and scalability, achieving small size (∼50 nm), uniform composition (PDI: ∼0.12), favourable colloidal stability, high encapsulation efficiency (∼100%), and tunable drug release kinetics. The optimized formulation exhibited a minor Lix release (<20%) in the first day and extended peptide release period over 8 days. Unexpectedly, upon a single injection administration, the as-prepared formulation (600 μg/kg) rapidly brought the high BGL (∼30 mmol/L) back to normal range (<10 mmol/L) within the initial 6 h and achieved a 180 h glycemic control in T2D mouse model. Moreover, this sustained peptide delivery system demonstrated a repeatable hypoglycemic effects and significantly suppressed the pathological damage of major organs following multiple injection. This sustained peptide delivery system with aqueous, facile and reproducible preparation process possesses good biocompatibility, tunable release kinetics, and prolonged hypoglycemic effects, portending its great translational potential in the chronic disease treatment.
Topics: Animals; Kinetics; Mice; Nanoparticles; Peptides; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 34838624
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121317 -
Food Chemistry Feb 2023Pickering emulsion gels (PKEGs) are being explored as solid fat substitutes and delivery systems due to their semi-solid textures and high stabilities. However, these...
Pickering emulsion gels (PKEGs) are being explored as solid fat substitutes and delivery systems due to their semi-solid textures and high stabilities. However, these PKEGs have relatively high-fat content, which is undesirable for nutritional and cost reasons. Therefore, in this study, low-fat PKEGs (10 % oil content) were successfully fabricated using zein/phytic acid (ZPA) complex nanoparticles with zein to phytic acid mass ratio of 1:0.006. These nanoparticles have a mean diameter of around 161 nm and wettability of around 89°. The formation of PKEGs were confirmed by the results of dynamic rheology (G' > G″). Confocal laser scanning microscope showed that the complex nanoparticles formed a dense barrier on the surface of the oil droplets, which prevented the oil droplets against coalescence. The chemical stability of curcumin was greatly improved by encapsulation in the PKEGs. The low-fat PKEGs developed in this study may be effective delivery systems for hydrophobic bioactive substances.
Topics: Zein; Emulsions; Phytic Acid; Curcumin; Fat Substitutes; Particle Size; Gels; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36137387
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134179 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Aug 2020The present study aimed to explore the effects of phytic acid (PA) on the antimicrobial activity and inflammatory response in three immune organs (head kidney, spleen...
Dietary phytic acid weakened the antimicrobial activity and aggravated the inflammatory status of head kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
The present study aimed to explore the effects of phytic acid (PA) on the antimicrobial activity and inflammatory response in three immune organs (head kidney, spleen and skin) of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). To achieve this goal, we first conducted a 60-day growth trial by feeding fish with graded levels of PA (0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0%). Then, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 6 days. Compared with the control group, the following results were obtained regarding supplementation with certain levels of PA in the diet. (1) There was an increase in skin haemorrhage and lesion morbidity in fish. (2) There was a decrease in activities or contents of immune factors, including lysozyme (LZ), complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and there was downregulation of gene expression levels of hepcidin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A (LEAP-2A), LEAP-2B, and β-defensin-1 in immune organs. (3) There was upregulation in the gene expression of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines: tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (except in the spleen), interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2), IL-6 (except in the spleen), IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15 and IL-17D. These changes were partly related to the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway, but downregulation of mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β2, IL-413/A, IL-413/B, IL-10 (except in the skin) and IL-11) occurred in a manner partially related to the target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway. Finally, based on the broken-line analysis of skin haemorrhage and lesion morbidity and IgM content in the head kidney, the maximum tolerance levels of PA for on-growing grass carp (120.56-452.00 g) were estimated to be 1.79 and 1.31% of the diet, respectively.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Aeromonas hydrophila; Animal Feed; Animals; Carps; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Head Kidney; Immunity, Innate; Phytic Acid; Random Allocation; Skin; Spleen
PubMed: 32439508
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.037 -
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Feb 2022The development of high-performance humidity sensors is of great significance to explore their practical applications in the fields of environment, energy saving and...
The development of high-performance humidity sensors is of great significance to explore their practical applications in the fields of environment, energy saving and safety monitoring. Herein, a flexible, non-contact and multifunctional humidity sensor based on two-dimensional Co-metal organic frameworks (Co-MOF) nanosheets is proposed, which is fabricated by simple bottom-up synthesis method. Furthermore, environmentally friendly, renewable and abundant biomass phytic acid (PA) is modified on the surface of Co-MOF nanosheets, which releases free protons being capable of etching the framework of MOF to improve the hydrophilicity and conductivity of MOF. Compared with Co-MOF-based sensor, the Co-MOF@PA-based sensor exhibits significantly enhanced sensitivity and broadened response range within 23-95% relative humidity (RH). The humidity sensor has an excellent humidity sensing response over 2 × 10. The Co-MOF@PA-based sensor shows good flexibility and humidity sensing properties, endowing it with multifunctional applications in real-time facial respiration monitoring, skin humidity perception, cosmetic moisturizing evaluation and fruit freshness testing. Four respiration patterns, including slow breath, deep breath, normal breath and fast breath are wirelessly monitored in real time by Co-MOF@PA-based sensor and recorded by mobile phone software. The research work presents potential applications in human-machine interactions (HMI) devices in future.
Topics: Humans; Humidity; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 34798709
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.189 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Apr 2024Diabetes-related hyperglycemia inhibits bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) function, thereby disrupting osteoblast capacity and bone regeneration. Dietary...
Diabetes-related hyperglycemia inhibits bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) function, thereby disrupting osteoblast capacity and bone regeneration. Dietary supplementation with phytic acid (PA), a natural inositol phosphate, has shown promise in preventing osteoporosis and diabetes-related complications. Emerging evidence has suggested that circular (circ)RNAs implicate in the regulation of bone diseases, but their specific regulatory roles in BMSC osteogenesis in hyperglycemic environments remain elucidated. In this study, in virto experiments demonstrated that PA treatment effectively improved the osteogenic capability of high glucose-mediated BMSCs. Differentially expressed circRNAs in PA-induced BMSCs were identified using circRNA microarray analysis. Here, our findings highlight an upregulation of circEIF4B expression in BMSCs stimulated with PA under a high-glucose microenvironment. Further investigations demonstrated that circEIF4B overexpression promoted high glucose-mediated BMSC osteogenesis. In contrast, circEIF4B knockdown exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, circEIF4B sequestered microRNA miR-186-5p and triggered osteogenesis enhancement in BMSCs by targeting FOXO1 directly. Furthermore, circEIF4B inhibited the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of IGF2BP3, thereby stabilizing ITGA5 mRNA and promoting BMSC osteogenic differentiation. In vivo experiments, circEIF4B inhibition attenuated the effectiveness of PA treatment in diabetic rats with cranial defects. Collectively, our study identifies PA as a novel positive regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation through the circEIF4B/miR-186-5p/FOXO1 and circEIF4B/IGF2BP3/ITGA5 axes, which offers a new strategy for treating high glucose-mediatedBMSCosteogenic dysfunction and delayed bone regeneration in diabetes.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Osteogenesis; MicroRNAs; Phytic Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Cell Differentiation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Glucose; Bone Marrow Cells; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 38467376
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116118 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jan 2023This study aimed to use a novel Lactobacillus strain (L. apis) isolated from the bee gut to develop a wheat bran (WB) deep-processing technology. Compared to the most...
Impact of Lactobacillus apis on the antioxidant activity, phytic acid degradation, nutraceutical value and flavor properties of fermented wheat bran, compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum.
This study aimed to use a novel Lactobacillus strain (L. apis) isolated from the bee gut to develop a wheat bran (WB) deep-processing technology. Compared to the most popular strains (S. cerevisiae and L. plantarum), we found that L. apis had a greater ability to enhance the fermented WB antioxidant activity through hydroxyl radical scavenging, metal chelating ability, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. While L. apis and L. plantarum had similar effects on DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities. This improvement in antioxidant activity has been associated with some metabolic compounds, such as sinapic acid, hydroferulic acid, pyruvic acid, neocostose, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, and schaftoside. Furthermore, L. apis degraded 48.33% of the phytic acid in WB, higher than S. cerevisiae (26.73%) and L. plantarum (35.89%). All strains improved the volatile profile of WB, and the fermented WB by each strain displayed a unique volatile composition. L. apis increased the level of conditional amino acids and branched-chain amino acids significantly. S. cerevisiae increased γ-aminobutyric acid the most, from 230.8 mg/L in unfermented samples to 609.8 mg/L in the fermented WB. While L. apis and L. plantarum also increased the level of γ-aminobutyric acid to 384.5 mg/L and 295.04 mg/L, respectively. Finally, we found that L. apis remarkably increased the content of organic acids and water-soluble vitamins in wheat bran.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Lactobacillus plantarum; Antioxidants; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Phytic Acid; Dietary Fiber; Fermentation; Lactobacillus; Dietary Supplements; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 36596097
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112142 -
Talanta Jul 2022Phytic acid (PA) functionalized magnetic adsorbents was synthesized through simple process. The functionalized sorbents are featured with core-shell structure, good...
Phytic acid functionalized magnetic adsorbents for facile enrichment of trace rare earth elements in environmental water, digested atmospheric particulates and the extracts followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection.
Phytic acid (PA) functionalized magnetic adsorbents was synthesized through simple process. The functionalized sorbents are featured with core-shell structure, good magnetism, chemical stability, selectivity, and fast adsorption/desorption dynamics for the preconcentration of trace rare earth elements (REEs). With the aid of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection, the prepared FeO@SiO@PA sorbents were employed for the separation and enrichment of 15 REEs from environmental water and atmospheric particulates with different sizes. Under the optimal conditions, the method presented an enrichment factor of 300-fold and low detection limits (0.002-1.1 ng/L) for 15 REEs, with the relative standard deviations of 1.4-4.4%. Environmental water samples were analyzed by the proposed method, and 15 REEs of 0.08-5.80 ng/L were found in local rainwater and river water. The REEs concentration in locally collected fine particulate matter was 0.01-0.93 ng/m, 0.03-1.70 ng/m and 0.03-2.47 ng/m of REEs were found in inhalable particulate matter and total suspended particulate samples, respectively. The bioaccessibility of REEs in PM was evaluated by using Gamble's solution extraction, which was calculated to be 0.73-5.46%.
Topics: Dust; Magnetic Phenomena; Mass Spectrometry; Metals, Rare Earth; Particulate Matter; Phytic Acid; Silicon Dioxide; Water
PubMed: 35381498
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123426