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Journal of Environmental Management Nov 2021Phosphate species can complex with nuclides and heavy metals from aqueous solutions strongly. The introduction of phosphate groups onto the surface of biochar sorbents...
Phosphate species can complex with nuclides and heavy metals from aqueous solutions strongly. The introduction of phosphate groups onto the surface of biochar sorbents (mostly <1.0 at.% of P) is highly desired. In this study, phosphate modified hydrochars (HTBs) were prepared through the hydrothermal carbonization of bamboo sawdust with various duration (2, 12, 24 h) in the presence of phytic acid (0-70 wt%). The results showed that the addition of PA with a low concentration of 10 wt% carbonized at 2 h generated hydrogen protons to etch the pristine sawdust, inducing the granulation of surfaces and a 5.5-fold enhancement of surface area. While HTBs carbonized with increasing PA concentrations (30-70 wt%) and longer duration (12 and 24 h) presented more carbonaceous particles with rising sizes from <100 nm to 2.5 μm, which should be due to the cross-linkage of dehydrated phosphate-containing organic carbon components to the matrix, enabling the resultful surface modification (maximum of 2.1 wt% of P). The uptake of U(VI), Pb(II) and Cd(II) on HTBs was investigated given various geochemical conditions including contact time, pH, ionic strength, humic acid and temperature. HTBs could capture U(VI), Pb(II) and Cd(II) efficiently from the ideal and simulated wastewaters, and be reused well after six recycles. This work opened a new strategy for the potential of phosphate-hydrochars in the aqueous remediation.
Topics: Adsorption; Cadmium; Charcoal; Lead; Phosphates; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 34411801
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113487 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Feb 2021Highly specific enrichment of phosphopeptides from complex biological samples was a precondition for further studying its physiological and pathological processes due to...
Highly specific enrichment of phosphopeptides from complex biological samples was a precondition for further studying its physiological and pathological processes due to the important and trace amounts of phosphopeptides. In this work, phytic acid (PA) functionalized magnetic cerium and zirconium bimetallic metal-organic framework nanocomposites (denoted as Fe3O4@SiO2@Ce-Zr-MOF@PA) were fabricated by a facile yet efficient method. The as-prepared nanomaterial exhibited high sensitivity (0.1 fmol μL-1), high selectivity toward phosphopeptides from β-casein tryptic digests/BSA (1 : 800), and good reusability of five cycles for enriching phosphopeptides. This affinity probe was applied to biological samples, and 19, 4 and 15 phosphopeptides were identified from non-fat milk, human serum and human saliva, respectively. The above marked advantages are attributed to the strong affinity of the abundant Ce-O and Zr-O nanoclusters on the surface of the MOF shell with the improved hydrophilicity from a great number of phosphate groups. Therefore, the novel Fe3O4@SiO2@Ce-Zr-MOF@PA nanospheres could not only enrich phosphopeptides effectively, but also reduce the adsorption of phosphopeptides, manifesting great potential in the identification and further analysis of low abundance phosphopeptides in complex biological samples.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Molecular Conformation; Particle Size; Phosphopeptides; Phytic Acid; Surface Properties
PubMed: 33503098
DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02517h -
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Jan 2021The release of phosphorus from phytates occurs via sequential cleavage of phosphate groups. It was believed that, regardless of the properties of phytases, the rate of... (Review)
Review
The release of phosphorus from phytates occurs via sequential cleavage of phosphate groups. It was believed that, regardless of the properties of phytases, the rate of phytate dephosphorylation is limited by the first cleavage of any phosphate group. The position of the first cleaved-off phosphate group depending on the specificity of phytase. The inhibition of dephosphorylation initiation is not associated with the action mechanism of the enzyme and can be rather due to the insufficient phytase activity or low availability of phytates. The analysis of the transformations in the inositol hexakisphosphate (IP)→inositol (I) reaction chain shows that IP dephosphorylation as a whole limits the phosphate group removal from I(1,2,5,6)P (third reaction from the beginning of hydrolysis of phosphate bonds in PA). The lower availability of nutrients in the presence of phytates is not due to action of phytates, but is caused by PA anions (IP), which bind positively charged metal ions, amino acids, and proteins. The availability of nutrients increases as a result of the decrease in their binding caused by the decrease in the concentration of IP anions under the action of phytases. Phytases added to feeds play a lesser role in the digestion of phytates compared to natural enzymes and complement their action. The concept of extra-phosphoric effect has no scientific justification, since phytases exhibit only the phosphohydrolase activity and are not able to catalyze other reactions.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 33827406
DOI: 10.1134/S000629792114011X -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Mar 2024Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are critical for neuroprotection in neuronal disorders. This raises the...
Phytic Acid Maintains Peripheral Neuron Integrity and Enhances Survivability against Platinum-Induced Degeneration via Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhancing Mitochondrial Membrane Potential.
Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are critical for neuroprotection in neuronal disorders. This raises the question of whether PA can effectively protect sensory neurons against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy treatment often characterized by severe and abnormal pain in hands and feet resulting from peripheral nerve degeneration. Currently, there are no effective treatments available that can prevent or cure peripheral neuropathies other than symptomatic management. Herein, we aim to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of PA against the neurodegeneration induced by the chemotherapeutics cisplatin (CDDP) and oxaliplatin. Further aims of this study are to provide the proposed mechanism of PA-mediated neuroprotection. The neuronal protection and survivability against CDDP were characterized by axon length measurements and cell body counting of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. A cellular phenotype study was conducted microscopically. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by fluorogenic probe dichlorofluorescein. Likewise, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by fluorescent MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos. Similarly, the mitochondria-localized superoxide anion radical in response to CDDP with and without PA was evaluated. The culture of primary DRG neurons with CDDP reduced axon length and overall neuronal survival. However, cotreatment with PA demonstrated that axons were completely protected and showed increased stability up to the 45-day test duration, which is comparable to samples treated with PA alone and control. Notably, PA treatment scavenged the mitochondria-specific superoxide radicals and overall intracellular ROS that were largely induced by CDDP and simultaneously restored MMP. These results are credited to the underlying neuroprotection of PA in a platinum-treated condition. The results also exhibited that PA had a synergistic anticancer effect with CDDP in ovarian cancer in vitro models. For the first time, PA's potency against CDDP-induced PN is demonstrated systematically. The overall findings of this study suggest the application of PA in CIPN prevention and therapeutic purposes.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Ganglia, Spinal; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Phytic Acid; Platinum; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sensory Receptor Cells
PubMed: 38445956
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00739 -
The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2024The rare earth metal element lanthanum (La) possesses carcinogenic, genotoxic, and accumulative properties, necessitating urgent development of an efficient and...
The rare earth metal element lanthanum (La) possesses carcinogenic, genotoxic, and accumulative properties, necessitating urgent development of an efficient and cost-effective method to remove La. However, current sorbents still encounter challenges such as poor selectivity, low sorption capacity, and high production costs. This study therefore proposes a promising solution: the creation of phytic acid-assisted sludge hydrochars (P-SHCs) to eliminate La from water and soil environments. This method harnesses phytic acid's exceptional binding ability and the economical hydrothermal carbonization process. P-SHCs exhibit robust sorption affinity, fast sorption kinetics, and excellent sorption selectivity for La when compared with pristine hydrochars (SHCs). This advantage arises from the remarkable binding ability of phosphate functional groups (polyphosphates) on P-SHCs, forming P-O-La complexes. Moreover, P-SHCs demonstrate sustained sorption efficiency across at least five cycles, with a slight decrease attributed to the loss of phosphorus species and mass during recycling. Furthermore, P-SHCs demonstrated superior economic feasibility, with a higher estimated cost-benefit ratio than that of other sorbents. Our study further validates the exceptional passivation capability of P-SHCs, showcasing relative stabilization efficiency ranging from 37.6 % to 79.6 % for La contamination. Additionally, acting as soil passivation agents, P-SHCs foster the enrichment of specific soil microorganisms such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, capable of solubilizing phosphorus and resisting heavy metals. These findings present novel ideas and technical support for employing P-SHCs in combatting environmental pollution stemming from rare earth metals.
Topics: Lanthanum; Phytic Acid; Phosphorus; Soil; Polyphosphates; Adsorption
PubMed: 38296091
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170419 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jul 2022Phytate (-inositol hexakisphosphate salts) can constitute a large fraction of the organic P in soils. As a more recalcitrant form of soil organic P, up to 51 million... (Review)
Review
Phytate (-inositol hexakisphosphate salts) can constitute a large fraction of the organic P in soils. As a more recalcitrant form of soil organic P, up to 51 million metric tons of phytate accumulate in soils annually, corresponding to ∼65% of the P fertilizer application. However, the availability of phytate is limited due to its strong binding to soils via its highly-phosphorylated inositol structure, with sorption capacity being ∼4 times that of orthophosphate in soils. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting macronutrients for agricultural productivity. Given that phosphate rock is a finite resource, coupled with the increasing difficulty in its extraction and geopolitical fragility in supply, it is anticipated that both economic and environmental costs of P fertilizer will greatly increase. Therefore, optimizing the use of soil phytate-P can potentially enhance the economic and environmental sustainability of agriculture production. To increase phytate-P availability in the rhizosphere, plants and microbes have developed strategies to improve phytate solubility and mineralization by secreting mobilizing agents including organic acids and hydrolyzing enzymes including various phytases. Though we have some understanding of phytate availability and phytase activity in soils, the limiting steps for phytate-P acquisition by plants proposed two decades ago remain elusive. Besides, the relative contribution of plant- and microbe-derived phytases, including those from mycorrhizas, in improving phytate-P utilization is poorly understood. Hence, it is important to understand the processes that influence phytate-P acquisition by plants, thereby developing effective molecular biotechnologies to enhance the dynamics of phytate in soil. However, from a practical view, phytate-P acquisition by plants competes with soil P fixation, so the ability of plants to access stable phytate must be evaluated from both a plant and soil perspective. Here, we summarize information on phytate availability in soils and phytate-P acquisition by plants. In addition, agronomic approaches and biotechnological strategies to improve soil phytate-P utilization by plants are discussed, and questions that need further investigation are raised. The information helps to better improve phytate-P utilization by plants, thereby reducing P resource inputs and pollution risks to the wider environment.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Fertilizers; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Phytic Acid; Plants; Soil
PubMed: 35675210
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00099 -
Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 2020Phytic acid, a constituent of various plants, has been related to health benefits. Phytic acid has been shown to inhibit purine nucleotide metabolism in vitro and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Phytic acid, a constituent of various plants, has been related to health benefits. Phytic acid has been shown to inhibit purine nucleotide metabolism in vitro and suppress elevation of plasma uric acid levels after purine administration in animal models. This study investigated the effect of phytic acid on postprandial serum uric acid (SUA) in humans. This randomized, double-blind, crossover design study included 48 healthy subjects with normal fasting SUA. Subjects consumed a control drink and a phytic acid drink with purine-rich food, and serum and urine uric acid levels were measured for 360 min after purine loading. Phytic acid lowered the incremental area under the curve (0-360 min) and incremental maximum concentration of SUA after purine loading ( < 0.05); tended to lower cumulative urinary uric acid excretion (0-360 min) after purine loading ( < 0.10); and suppressed postprandial SUA in this clinical study. Altogether, our findings suggest that phytic acid may play a beneficial role in controlling postprandial SUA.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phytic Acid; Purines; Uric Acid; Young Adult
PubMed: 31469027
DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1656337 -
Food Chemistry Jan 2021Simultaneous reduction in activity of fat destabilizing enzymes (lipase and lipoxygenase), contaminants heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), antinutrient phytic acid and...
Simultaneous reduction in activity of fat destabilizing enzymes (lipase and lipoxygenase), contaminants heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), antinutrient phytic acid and hazardous coliforms in rice bran was investigated. Application of washing, soaking the washed sample at different pH values (2, 6 and 9) alone or in combination with ultrasonication were examined. While washing was beneficial, its low efficiency acquired further treatment, which was prevailed by application of acidic pH and ultrasound (28 kHz) treatments. Free fatty acids and peroxide value, as indicators of enzymes activity, implied the effectiveness of treatments with adverse impact of sonication on peroxide value. Remarkably, reduction of dominant heavy metals (As, Pb and Zn) and phytic acid were synergistically facilitated by sonication. Coliforms growth was inhibited at pH 2 even at the absence of ultrasonic treatment. Evidently, combination of acidic pH and ultrasound is a practical approach to improve rice bran stability and safety.
Topics: Food Analysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipase; Lipoxygenase; Metals, Heavy; Oryza; Phytic Acid; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 32711273
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127583 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aug 2019Phytases are important industrial enzymes able to catalyze the release of up to six phosphates from phytate in a stepwise hydrolysis reaction. Phytases are almost... (Review)
Review
Phytases are important industrial enzymes able to catalyze the release of up to six phosphates from phytate in a stepwise hydrolysis reaction. Phytases are almost exclusively used as a feed supplement. However, phytases are also used in human nutrition, food processing, non-food industrial products, and emerging applications like enzymatic phosphate recovery from renewable resources. Phytate, the main phosphorus storage form in seeds, and its hydrolysis products act as a chelator and reduce protein and mineral bioavailability in intestinal absorption. Full phosphate hydrolysis from the common storage compound phytate remains a challenge. Phytate hydrolysis patterns of tailored phytases and their protein engineering campaigns are discussed. The aim of our review is to give an overview on developed and emerging application areas (animal nutrition, food processing, and environmental resource management) and thereby generate an awareness for the importance of phosphorus stewardship in a circular bioeconomy. Emphasis will be given to processes using organic-bound phosphorus and related recycling strategy of this valuable resource. In detail, the main challenge in designing phytases to completely hydrolyze phosphate from phytate to inositol and the need for engineering campaigns to broaden their industrial use are described.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Biotechnology; Humans; Hydrolysis; Phosphates; Phytic Acid; Protein Engineering; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 31254000
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09962-1 -
PloS One 2022Phytases, enzymes that degrade phytate present in feedstuffs, are widely added to the diets of monogastric animals. Many studies have correlated phytase addition with...
Phytases, enzymes that degrade phytate present in feedstuffs, are widely added to the diets of monogastric animals. Many studies have correlated phytase addition with improved animal productivity and a subset of these have sought to correlate animal performance with phytase-mediated generation of inositol phosphates in different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract or with release of inositol or of phosphate, the absorbable products of phytate degradation. Remarkably, the effect of dietary phytase on tissue inositol phosphates has not been studied. The objective of this study was to determine effect of phytase supplementation on liver and kidney myo-inositol and myo-inositol phosphates in broiler chickens. For this, methods were developed to measure inositol phosphates in chicken tissues. The study comprised wheat/soy-based diets containing one of three levels of phytase (0, 500 and 6,000 FTU/kg of modified E. coli 6-phytase). Diets were provided to broilers for 21 D and on day 21 digesta were collected from the gizzard and ileum. Liver and kidney tissue were harvested. Myo-inositol and inositol phosphates were measured in diet, digesta, liver and kidney. Gizzard and ileal content inositol was increased progressively, and total inositol phosphates reduced progressively, by phytase supplementation. The predominant higher inositol phosphates detected in tissues, D-and/or L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 and Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5, differed from those (D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,3,4)P4, D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,5,6)P4, Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5, D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5 and D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5) generated from phytate (InsP6) degradation by E. coli 6-phytase or endogenous feed phytase, suggesting tissue inositol phosphates are not the result of direct absorption. Kidney inositol phosphates were reduced progressively by phytase supplementation. These data suggest that tissue inositol phosphate concentrations can be influenced by dietary phytase inclusion rate and that such effects are tissue specific, though the consequences for physiology of such changes have yet to be elucidated.
Topics: Animals; 6-Phytase; Inositol Phosphates; Phytic Acid; Chickens; Poultry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Escherichia coli; Animal Feed; Digestion; Dietary Supplements; Kidney; Phosphates
PubMed: 36260560
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275742