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PloS One 2021Medicinal plants represent a great source of antimicrobial and phytochemical constituents which are increasingly used to treat microbial infections and other ailments...
Medicinal plants represent a great source of antimicrobial and phytochemical constituents which are increasingly used to treat microbial infections and other ailments such as tuberculosis, anemia, and trachoma. Despite the use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance continues to be a world issue, in as much as nutrition. This study investigated the presence of phytochemicals, proximate compositions, and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Carapa procera bark. The bark of Carapa procera was collected, cleaned and air dried for 72 h. The powder obtained was treated with diethyl ether and soaked in methanol (99%) for 72 h to obtain crude extract. The extract was used to test for the presence of phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities. The raw bark was used for proximate analysis. The result showed presence of steroids, tannins and saponins, but no alkaloids present. The 100 mg/mL extract had the highest inhibition zone on all tested organisms from 24.00 ± 0.94 to 26.67 ± 1.18, and 50 mg/mL showed the least (16.67 ± 1.24) on Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus showed the lowest minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 3.12 mg/mL, whereas the Gram-negative bacteria exhibited variations in their sensitivity with E. coli having the highest MIC of 25 mg/mL. The extract had high MIC (6.25 mg/mL) on Candida albicans than clotrimazole (50 mg/mL). The proximate compositions of Carapa procera were moisture (6.07 ± 0.07%), ash (12.46 ± 0.46%), crude protein (9.54 ± 0.12%), crude fat (1.42 ± 0.06%) and carbohydrate (70.50 ± 0.35%). The energy value was 1413.17 kj. Thus, Carapa procera possesses both antimicrobial and nutritional potentials worth exploring and domesticating for sustainable management and conservation.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Candida albicans; Meliaceae; Phytochemicals; Plant Bark; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 34941952
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261755 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Jul 2022The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities and phytochemical composition of the leaves extracts of Boscia coriacea Graells and Uvaria...
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities and phytochemical composition of the leaves extracts of Boscia coriacea Graells and Uvaria leptocladon Oliv.
METHODS
The powdered leaves of Boscia coriacea Graells and Uvaria leptocladon Oliv were extracted by maceration and soxhlet extraction methods. Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves extracts of Boscia coriacea Graells and Uvaria leptocladon Oliv were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Standard methods were used for analysis of phytochemical composition of the leaves extracts of Boscia coriacea Graells and Uvaria leptocladon Oliv. Data analysis was done using one way analysis of variance.
RESULTS
U. leptocladon Oliv (200 mg/kg) and B. coriacea Graells (200 mg/kg) showed percent inhibition on mice paw edema of 86% and 75% after six hours of carrageenan injection, respectively. The ethanol fraction (100 mg/kg) of U. leptocladon Oliv showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect after six hours of carrageenan injection. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves extracts of B. coriacea and U. leptocladon revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, and saponins.
CONCLUSION
The crude leaves extracts of B. coriacea Graells and U. leptocladon Oliv contain phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory activities.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Edema; Mice; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Uvaria
PubMed: 35950076
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i4.19 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology May 2021Plants of the genus Glechoma have been abundantly used for thousands of years in China as folk treatments for cholelithiasis, urolithiasis, inflammation, and other... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Plants of the genus Glechoma have been abundantly used for thousands of years in China as folk treatments for cholelithiasis, urolithiasis, inflammation, and other conditions.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This review discusses the potential application of Glechoma as an herbal medicine. The plant characteristics, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Glechoma are summarized as a guide for phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Various search engines including SciFinder, Google Scholar, Scopus-Elsevier, Medline, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for publications on Glechoma using relevant keywords. Additionally, local records, books, and non-English journals were screened up to October 2020.
RESULTS
The phytochemistry of several Glechoma plants has been systematically studied, and over one hundred different compounds have been isolated and identified. Terpenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols are the major secondary metabolites. Crude extracts and isolated compounds have been shown to exhibit various pharmacological activities including prevention of nephrolithiasis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticomplement, antimicrobial, antioxidant, depigmenting, anticancer, and antiviral activities, among others.
CONCLUSION
Glechoma species have been used as folk medicine to treat various diseases and have diverse biological activities, making them valuable starting materials for drug development. However, in most cases the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, safety, and possible interactions with other drugs remain to be determined.
Topics: Animals; China; Ethnobotany; Humans; Lamiaceae; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 33465438
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113830 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Aug 2022Medicinal plants have been widely used in healthcare based on traditional knowledge. We investigated the antimicrobial activities and phytochemical contents of a plant...
Medicinal plants have been widely used in healthcare based on traditional knowledge. We investigated the antimicrobial activities and phytochemical contents of a plant known as (), which Sabah native people have used for health benefits. Methanolic extracts and fractions of the leaves of were tested for their phytochemical contents and their antimicrobial activities against four Gram-negative and five Gram-positive strains of bacteria. The extracts of showed antimicrobial activities against three Gram-positive, and one Gram-negative bacteria, with the zone of inhibition ranging from 7.8 mm±0.41 to 10.5 mm±0.71. Fraction CE.F7 exerted the broadest antimicrobial activity towards four Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. The phytochemical constituents identified in the extracts were alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, and cardiac glycosides. The plant extract demonstrated antimicrobial activities and contained multiple phytochemical constituents. Further investigations into potential antimicrobial agents containing promising fractions would validate the medicinal properties of used in Sabah.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Asteraceae; Cardiac Glycosides; Flavonoids; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Steroids
PubMed: 36188644
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0296 -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2021Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (family Polygonacea), commonly known as Polygonum hydropiper, is a popular medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The plant is... (Review)
Review
Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (family Polygonacea), commonly known as Polygonum hydropiper, is a popular medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The plant is indigenous to the tropical northern hemisphere and temperate zone, including China, Bangladesh, India, and Japan. The plant is used in folk medicine for numerous ailments such as hemorrhoids, antifertility, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Its medicinal usage in Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, and other traditional medicine is well-recognized. So far, a wide range of active phytochemicals of this plant has been identified, such as flavonoids, sulphated flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, steroids, coumarin, simple phenolics, and others. Pharmacological data reported in the literature suggest that various parts of P. hydropiper exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and antifertility effects. The present review aims to compile the coherently document research on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and biological activities of P. hydropiper from different parts of the globe.
Topics: Medicine, Traditional; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Polygonaceae
PubMed: 33655861
DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210303145045 -
Chemico-biological Interactions Dec 2022This review describes the traditional and industrial use of fig (Ficus carica) in medicine as remedies for health problems and its biological activities. It describes... (Review)
Review
This review describes the traditional and industrial use of fig (Ficus carica) in medicine as remedies for health problems and its biological activities. It describes various ways of traditional use to treat various ailments like, inflammation, gastric problems and cancer. Phytochemical studies on fruits and leaves of fig plant have explored that they are rich in phenolics, organic acids and volatile compounds. Owing to rich and diversified presence of biologically active compounds, they possess various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antifungal, antiviral, antimutagenic, antipyretic, antituberculosis, anti-angiogenic, antiparisitic, hematostatis, anticonstipation and antiwarts activities.
Topics: Ficus; Plant Extracts; Phytochemicals; Antioxidants; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 36288779
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110237 -
BioMed Research International 2020Linn. known as "Eepin" in Yoruba language, or sand paper tree, is a monoecious fig tree whose leaves, bark, seeds, and roots have been used locally in treating many...
Linn. known as "Eepin" in Yoruba language, or sand paper tree, is a monoecious fig tree whose leaves, bark, seeds, and roots have been used locally in treating many infectious and noninfectious diseases. The study is aimed at investigating the bacteriological and phytochemical potential of Linn. The roots of the plant were harvested and washed, and phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard analytical techniques. Infusion was aseptically prepared, and incubation for 24 hours and microbiological analysis were carried out using the pour plate method on Plate Count Agar (PCA) and Nutrient Agar (NA). Microorganisms were subcultured and identified using morphological and biochemical tests according to "Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology." Phytochemical analysis of the fresh and dry roots revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardenolides, and saponins, while anthraquinones and tannins were absent. Total heterotrophic bacteria count on PCA was 5.6 × 10 CFU/ml, while on NA, it was 2.3 × 10 CFU/ml, and four classes of bacteria were isolated including sp., , sp., and sp. Although the presence of medicinal phytochemicals in Linn. indicates strong potentials for its use in infusions, the presence of potential pathogens found in the infusions makes it unsafe for consumption.
Topics: Alkaloids; Bacteria; Ficus; Nigeria; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Saponins
PubMed: 32509877
DOI: 10.1155/2020/9762639 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023For many decades, natural resources have traditionally been employed in skin care. Here, we explored the phytochemical profile of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts...
For many decades, natural resources have traditionally been employed in skin care. Here, we explored the phytochemical profile of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Greene and assessed their antioxidant, antiaging and antibacterial activities in vitro. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis led to the tentative identification of 67 compounds consisting mainly of phenolic and fatty acids, diterpene acids, proanthocyanidins and flavonoid and biflavonoid glycosides. The aqueous extract demonstrated substantial in vitro antioxidant potential at FRAP and DPPH assays and inhibited the four target enzymes (collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase, and hyaluronidase) engaged in skin remodeling and aging with IC values close to those of the standard drugs. Moreover, the aqueous extract at 25 mg/mL suppressed biofilm formation by , a bacterial pathogen causing common skin manifestations, and decreased its swarming and swimming motilities. In conclusion, leaves can be considered a promising candidate for potential application in skin aging.
Topics: Cupressus; Cosmeceuticals; Antioxidants; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Cupressaceae; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 36770704
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031036 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2022is a genus of herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to the Commelinaceae family and organized into three infrageneric classifications and 12 sections. More than 80... (Review)
Review
is a genus of herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to the Commelinaceae family and organized into three infrageneric classifications and 12 sections. More than 80 species within the genus have been used for centuries for medicinal purposes. Phytochemical compounds (from various species of the genus) such as coumarins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, steroids and terpenoids have recently been characterized and described with antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer or antimicrobial properties. The objective of this review is to describe the different aspects of the genus including its botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemical composition, biological activities, and safety aspects.
Topics: Antioxidants; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Tradescantia
PubMed: 35748273
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2706197 -
Nutrition and Cancer 2023With the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, the prevention and treatment of cancer have garnered considerable scientific attention. Traditional chemotherapeutic... (Review)
Review
With the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, the prevention and treatment of cancer have garnered considerable scientific attention. Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are highly toxic and associated with substantial side effects; therefore, there is an urgent need for developing new therapeutic agents. Dietary phytochemicals are important in tumor prevention and treatment because of their low toxicity and side effects at low concentrations; however, their exact mechanisms of action remain obscure. DNA damage is mainly caused by physical or chemical factors in the environment, such as ultraviolet light, alkylating agents and reactive oxygen species that cause changes in the DNA structure of cells. Several phytochemicals have been shown inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors by inducing DNA damage. This article reviews the advances in phytochemical research; particularly regarding the mechanisms related to DNA damage and provide a theoretical basis for future chemoprophylaxis research.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Phytochemicals; Chemoprevention; Reactive Oxygen Species; DNA Damage
PubMed: 36562548
DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2157024