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Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting severely impairs the treatment and prognosis of cancer patients. Depressive mood disorder might aggravate nausea and vomiting...
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting severely impairs the treatment and prognosis of cancer patients. Depressive mood disorder might aggravate nausea and vomiting in cancer patients; however, the role of neurotransmitters and receptors involved in the mediation of emesis and nausea is still not well elaborated. The study was carried out based on the chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like phenotype rat model and cisplatin-induced pica rat model establishment. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the non-treated control group and the chronic stress group, which were exposed to 8 weeks of stress. Each group was then sub-divided into vehicle subgroups ( = 10) and cisplatin subgroups ( = 10) which were given cisplatin to induce pica behavior. Kaolin and food intake were recorded after administration. The medulla oblongata and ileum tissues were obtained. Neurotransmitters involved in the mediation of emesis and nausea (5-HT, DA, SP, and AEA) were detected using an ELISA kit. Vomit-related receptors (5-HTR, DAR, NKR, and CBR) in tissues were assayed for mRNA and protein expression by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Behavioral test and sucrose preference validated that depression-like phenotype rat models were established successfully. The kaolin consumption test confirmed that chronic stress pretreatment aggravated anorexia and pica behavior. Vomiting-related molecules' data showed that chronic stress exposure increased 5-HT and SP levels in the medulla oblongata. Vomiting-related receptor expression data showed that chronic stress pretreatment upregulated 5-HTR, DAR, and NKR expressions and downregulated the CBR expression in the medulla oblongata. However, chronic stress pretreatment downregulated 5-HTR, DAR, and NKR expressions and upregulated the CBR expression in the ileum. Chronic stress pretreatment aggravates anorexia and vomiting progress, which might be altering neurotransmitters and receptors involved in the mediation of emesis and the nausea level and expression in the central nervous system.
PubMed: 35910350
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.913124 -
World Neurosurgery Jun 2024A retrospective study of cases of endovascular treatment of dissection of the vertebral artery with subarachnoid hemorrhage was conducted.
INTRODUCTION
A retrospective study of cases of endovascular treatment of dissection of the vertebral artery with subarachnoid hemorrhage was conducted.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Data were 11 cases of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm (VADA)s among 291 consecutive SAH patients who underwent clipping or endovascular treatment at Ota Memorial Hospital. Classified into four patterns based on the location of the dissection and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA): Pre-PICA, post-PICA, involved PICA, and non-PICA. And one of the case had bilateral vertebral artery dissection, and Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was included in the study.
RESULTS
Ruptured VADA occurred in 11 of the 291 patients (3.8%). Endovascular treatment was performed in 8 of these 11 patients. Postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) detected no high intensity lesions and no postoperative ischemic complications or rebleeding occurred in any patient. In a case of bilateral VADA, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis very low or high wall shear stress (WSS) at the dissection, low aneurysm formation indicator (AFI), and high oscillatory shear index(OSI) may be considered rupture factors.
CONCLUSION
Treatment strategies for each branching pattern of PICA can prevent rupture and avoid ischemic complications. And prediction of the rupture side is important in patients with bilateral dissection to consider the appropriate treatment and timing.
PubMed: 38857867
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.007 -
Nutrients Dec 2022During pregnancy, women tend to improve their lifestyle habits and refine their dietary intake. Quite often, however, these dietary improvements take an unhealthy turn,...
During pregnancy, women tend to improve their lifestyle habits and refine their dietary intake. Quite often, however, these dietary improvements take an unhealthy turn, with orthorexia nervosa (ON) practices being apparent. The aim of the present pilot cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of ON tendencies and the incidence of pica and record diet practices in a sample of pregnant women. A total of 157 pregnant women were recruited through private practice gynecologists during the first months of 2021. Nutrition-related practices were recorded, orthorexic tendencies were assessed using the translated and culturally adapted Greek version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire, pica practices were evaluated with a binary question and nausea and emesis during pregnancy (NVP) was evaluated using the translated modified Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (mPUQE). Only two women reported pica tendencies, with ice and snow being the consumed items. The majority (61.1%) of women reported improving their diet since conception was achieved. Folic acid and iron oral nutrient supplements (ONS) were reportedly consumed by the majority of participants (87.9% and 72.6%, respectively) and 9.6% reported using herbal medicine products. The ORTO-15 score was reduced with tertiary education attainment, ART conception, being in the third trimester of pregnancy, consumption of folic acid and MV supplements and was only increased among women who were at their first pregnancy. The majority of participants experienced severe NVP and the remaining experienced moderate NVP. NVP was associated with lower hemoglobin levels, lack of supplementary iron intake, avoidance of gluten-containing foods, as well as with increased gestational weight gain. The results highlight the need to screen pregnant women for disturbed eating behaviors and nutrition-related problems, in order to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Pregnant Women; Pilot Projects; Pica; Cross-Sectional Studies; Morning Sickness; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Vomiting; Nausea; Folic Acid; Iron
PubMed: 36558433
DOI: 10.3390/nu14245275 -
Cureus May 2023Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency. Pica is commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). A case of a 40-year-old female who presented...
Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency. Pica is commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). A case of a 40-year-old female who presented with a critical record of low hemoglobin (Hgb) (1.6 g/dL) with severe iron deficiency and pica with no lasting deficits despite such low hemoglobin is discussed in this article. The patient presented to the emergency room with complaints of weight loss, weakness, palpitation, fatigue, dysphagia, and on-and-off vomiting for about a year and severe menorrhagia for about one and a half years. She also has had pica for the past several years where she eats and chews toilet paper. Several of her female family members also have pica. She was found to have critically low hemoglobin of 1.6 g/dL and serum iron of 8 ug/dL and ferritin of less than 1 ng/mL. The patient was treated with six units of packed red blood cells and IV and oral iron supplementation. She was discharged with a hemoglobin of 7.3 g/dL. She was later found to have a 9.6 cm uterine mass that is consistent with leiomyoma (fibroid) in transvaginal ultrasound and is following up with a gynecologist for the definitive management. She did not have lasting deficits from the critically low hemoglobin and has stopped engaging in pica behavior.
PubMed: 37303454
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38812 -
Current Opinion in Psychiatry Nov 2021This article reviews available assessment instruments for three of the feeding and eating disorder diagnostic categories: avoidant restrictive food intake disorder... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews available assessment instruments for three of the feeding and eating disorder diagnostic categories: avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), pica, and rumination disorder (RD). It includes an overview of the current status of screening tools, questionnaire measures, and diagnostic instruments.
RECENT FINDINGS
Screening instruments are available for all three disorders; however, for pica and RD, these typically include single screening items only and do not cover any specific features of these presentations. Only one questionnaire suitable for clinical populations is included, covering ARFID only. Standardized diagnostic interviews are limited to two covering both pica and RD, only one of which provides further clinical information. Of the five diagnostic instruments for ARFID described here, two include diagnostic items as well as allowing more detailed assessment of clinical features.
SUMMARY
There are a limited number of assessment measures available for all three disorders, with instruments for ARFID being the greatest in number and widest in terms of scope. A commonly encountered difficulty is that many assessment instruments do not adequately cover diagnostic exclusion criteria, which raises the likelihood of false positive findings. All currently available measures require further study to determine their reliability and validity.
Topics: Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Pica; Reproducibility of Results; Rumination Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34402460
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000736 -
Physiological Measurement Oct 2022This study proposes a novel technique for atrial fibrillatory waves (f-waves) extraction and investigates the performance of the proposed method comparing with different...
This study proposes a novel technique for atrial fibrillatory waves (f-waves) extraction and investigates the performance of the proposed method comparing with different f-wave extraction methods.We propose a novel technique combining a periodic component analysis (PiCA) and echo state network (ESN) for f-waves extraction, denoted PiCA-ESN. PiCA-ESN benefits from the advantages of using both source separation and nonlinear adaptive filtering. PiCA-ESN is evaluated by comparing with other state-of-the-art approaches, which include template subtraction technique based on principal component analysis, spatiotemporal cancellation, nonlinear adaptive filtering using an echo state neural network, and a source separation technique based on PiCA. Quality assessment is performed on a recently published reference database including a large number of simulated ECG signals in atrial fibrillation (AF). The performance of the f-wave extraction methods is evaluated in terms of signal quality metrics (SNR, ΔSNR) and robustness of f-wave features.The proposed method offers the best signal quality performance, with a ΔSNR of approximately 22 dB across all 8 sets of the reference database, as well as the most robust extraction of f-wave features, with 75% of all estimates of dominant atrial frequency well below 1 Hz.
Topics: Humans; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Pica; Heart Atria; Atrial Fibrillation; Neural Networks, Computer; Electrocardiography; Algorithms
PubMed: 36179708
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac96ca -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2019[6]-gingerol is one of the main components of ginger with many biological activities. In this study, the effects of ondansetron and [6]-gingerol on pica and gut...
PURPOSE
[6]-gingerol is one of the main components of ginger with many biological activities. In this study, the effects of ondansetron and [6]-gingerol on pica and gut microbiota in rats injected with cisplatin were evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Rat model of cisplatin-induced pica was established, and the effects of ondansetron and [6]-gingerol on the gut microbiota were further studied by 16S rDNA gene analysis.
RESULTS
The results showed that the total intake of kaolin of the rats injected with cisplatin was significantly increased, and treatment of ondansetron and [6]-gingerol in advance could significantly ameliorate the pica induced by cisplatin. The body weight of the rats injected with cisplatin was decreased compared with the control group. The 16S rDNA gene analysis has shown that ondansetron, [6]-gingerol and cisplatin could increase the relative abundance of and decrease on phylum level.
CONCLUSION
[6]-gingerol was as effective as ondansetron in the treatment of pica induced by cisplatin in rats, and it seemed that [6]-gingerol had the potential to ameliorate the alteration of gut microbiome, but it needs further study.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Catechols; Cisplatin; Fatty Alcohols; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Kaolin; Male; Ondansetron; Pica; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31534312
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S211845 -
La Revue de Medecine Interne Dec 2020
Topics: Bezoars; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Pica; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Trichotillomania; Young Adult
PubMed: 32709437
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.06.003 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Nov 2023Allotriophagy is defined as food cravings that are different from the expected or the norm. It gives clinical pointers to an underlying diagnosis. We propose a new term,...
Allotriophagy is defined as food cravings that are different from the expected or the norm. It gives clinical pointers to an underlying diagnosis. We propose a new term, allotriodipsia which suggests a preference for beverages that are different from the norm. Taken together, these two entities may point towards certain endocrinological abnormalities and iatrogenic sequelae. In this communication we highlight the clinical relevance of allotriophagy and allotriodipsia.
Topics: Humans; Pica; Endocrine System Diseases
PubMed: 38013549
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.23-93 -
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology &... Mar 20234'Cl-cumyl-PINACA (SGT-157), 4'F-cumyl-5F-PINACA (4F-cumyl-5F-PINACA, SGT-65) and 4'F-cumyl-5F-PICA (4F-cumyl-5F-PICA, SGT-64) are a series of new halogenated cumyl...
4'Cl-cumyl-PINACA (SGT-157), 4'F-cumyl-5F-PINACA (4F-cumyl-5F-PINACA, SGT-65) and 4'F-cumyl-5F-PICA (4F-cumyl-5F-PICA, SGT-64) are a series of new halogenated cumyl synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs). Due to rapid metabolism, monitoring and screening for SCRAs in biological matrices requires identification of their metabolites. It is an essential tool for estimating their spread and fluctuations in the global illicit market. The purpose of this study was to identify human biotransformations of 4'Cl-cumyl-PINACA, 4'F-cumyl-5F-PINACA and 4'F-cumyl-5F-PICA in vitro and characterize for the first time the metabolic pathways of halogenated cumyl SCRAs. 4'Cl-cumyl-PINACA, 4'F-cumyl-5F-PINACA and 4'F-cumyl-5F-PICA were incubated with human hepatocytes in duplicates for 0, 1, 3 and 5 h. The supernatants were analysed in data-dependent acquisition on a UHPLC-QToF-MS, and the potential metabolites were tentatively identified. A total of 11 metabolites were detected for 4'Cl-cumyl-PINACA, 21 for 4'F-cumyl-5F-PINACA and 10 for 4'F-cumyl-5F-PICA. The main biotransformations were oxidative defluorination, followed by hydroxylation with dehydrogenation, N-dealkylation, dihydrodiol formation and glucuronidation. Hydroxylations were most common at the tail moieties with higher abundancy for indole than indazole compounds. N-dealkylations were more common for fluorinated tail chain compounds than the non-fluorinated 4'Cl-cumyl-PINACA. In conclusion, many metabolites retained halogen groups at the cumyl moieties which, in various combinations, may be suitable as analytical biomarkers.
Topics: Humans; Cannabinoids; Mass Spectrometry; Indazoles; Hepatocytes; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
PubMed: 36544361
DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13829