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American Journal of Physiology.... Apr 2022The gut microbiome has the capacity to regulate bone mass. The aim of this study was to develop a nutritional synbiotic dietary assemblage at an optimal dose to maintain...
The gut microbiome has the capacity to regulate bone mass. The aim of this study was to develop a nutritional synbiotic dietary assemblage at an optimal dose to maintain bone mass in ovariectomized (Ovx) mice. We performed genomic analyses and in vitro experiments in a large collection of bacterial and fungal strains (>4,000) derived from fresh fruit and vegetables to identify candidates with the synergistic capacity to produce bone-protective short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and vitamin K2. The candidate SBD111-A, composed of , , , , and together with prebiotic dietary fibers, produced high levels of SCFA in vitro and protected against Ovx-induced trabecular bone loss in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that SBD111-A changed the taxonomic composition and enriched specific pathways for synthesis of bone-protective SCFA, vitamin K2, and branched-chain amino acids in the gut microbiome. We performed genomic analyses and in vitro experiments in a collection of bacterial and fungal strains. We identified a combination (SBD111-A) that produced high levels of SCFA in vitro and protected against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that SBD111-A changed the taxonomic composition and function of the gut microbiome and enriched pathways for synthesis of bone-protective SCFA, vitamin K2, and branched-chain amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Bacteria; Cancellous Bone; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Humans; Mice; Ovariectomy; Synbiotics; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 35156423
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2021 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The commercial active dry yeast strains used for cider production in China are far behind the requirements of the cider industry development in recent decades. In this...
The commercial active dry yeast strains used for cider production in China are far behind the requirements of the cider industry development in recent decades. In this study, eight yeasts, including , , , and , were screened and assessed by growth performance, methanol production, aroma analysis, and their transcriptive characterization. strains WFC-SC-071 and WFC-SC-072 were identified as promising alternatives for cider production. Strains WFC-SC-071 and WFC-SC-072 showed an excellent growth capacity characterized by 91.6 and 88.8% sugar utilization, respectively. Methanol production by both strains was below 200 mg/L. Key aroma compounds imparting cider appreciably characteristic aroma increased in cider fermented by strains WFC-SC-071 and WFC-SC-072. RT-qPCR analysis suggested that most genes associated with growth capacity, carbohydrate uptake, and aroma production were upregulated in WFC-SC-071 and WFC-SC-072. Overall, two strains are the optimal starters for cider production to enable the diversification of cider, satisfy the differences in consumer demand, and promote cider industry development.
PubMed: 36439849
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042613 -
Food & Function Apr 2023Postbiotics are attractive as alternatives to antibiotics for use against post-weaning diarrhea. However, their beneficial mechanisms are largely unknown. In the current...
Postbiotics are attractive as alternatives to antibiotics for use against post-weaning diarrhea. However, their beneficial mechanisms are largely unknown. In the current study, we first demonstrated that supplementation with 0.5% FZ12 postbiotics in the diet significantly reduced diarrhea incidence, promoted growth performance, improved gut health performance, and significantly enriched beneficial bacteria, particularly spp., in the intestines of weaned piglets. Importantly, we identified a heat- and proteinase K-sensitive component, cytochrome , of the postbiotics that significantly promoted the growth and biofilm formation of FP13. We demonstrated the importance of FZ12 postbiotics in improving the intestinal health of a model animal and revealed that cytochrome is one of the important components of yeast postbiotics. These findings may provide new insights into microbe-postbiotics interplay that can be applied to guidelines for dietary modulation to alleviate weaning-induced diarrhea.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Intestines; Dietary Supplements; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Weaning; Cytochromes c; Diet; Diarrhea; Animal Feed
PubMed: 36912248
DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03695a -
Microbial Pathogenesis Dec 2021Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites of certain toxigenic fungi which pose severe health stress in humans, animals and poultry. Certain biological agents and...
Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites of certain toxigenic fungi which pose severe health stress in humans, animals and poultry. Certain biological agents and components are used to adsorb mycotoxins in poultry industry which provide promising results in this regard. Pichia kudriazevii (PK), a novel yeast, has the ability to enhance the immune status of poultry chicks. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potential of PK against aflatoxins associated immunosuppression and oxidative stress in broiler chicks. 180-one day old broiler chicks were equally divided into six groups and given different combinations of aflatoxins (300 and 600 μg/kg) and PK (1 g/kg). Parameters studied were antibody response to sheep red blood cells, lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P; phagocytic response by carbon clearance assay system, total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status of chicks. Results of this experiment confirmed the immunomodulation and antioxidant capacity of PK against 300 μg/kg aflatoxin level. However such amelioration was partial when PK was used with 600 μg/kg aflatoxins. Moreover, the exact ratio of aflatoxin: PK to cause such amelioration still needs to be investigated.
Topics: Aflatoxins; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Dietary Supplements; Oxidative Stress; Pichia; Poultry Diseases; Sheep
PubMed: 34742894
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105279 -
Journal of Advanced Research Jan 2020Olfactory cues have a large impact on insect behaviour and fitness consequently showing potential in pest management. Yeast released volatiles are used by insects as...
Olfactory cues have a large impact on insect behaviour and fitness consequently showing potential in pest management. Yeast released volatiles are used by insects as olfactory cues for finding feeding and oviposition sites. The yeast strain SB-16-15 was isolated from spontaneous fermentation of berries and identified as . Thirty-nine volatiles were sampled from the headspace of yeasts by solid phase micro extraction and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Ten of those volatiles elicited antennal responses of flies, one of the most serious pest of berries. In the two-choice experiments, flies preferred the mixture composed of nine synthetic compounds analogous to electroanntenographic active volatiles released by the yeasts compare to the solvent control. Female flies were significantly attracted to the mixture at the concentration 0.1 µL mL and showed no preference to the mixture at the concentration 1 µL mL versus control while males reacted positively to the synthetic blend at the concentration 1 µL mL. Herein, for the first time, behaviour modifying effect of berry related yeast volatiles was shown suggesting these semiochemicals have potential in use for monitoring flies.
PubMed: 32071775
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.08.001 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Yeast strains are widely used in ruminant production. However, knowledge about the effects of rumen native yeasts on ruminants is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to...
Isolation and Characterization of Ruminal Yeast Strain with Probiotic Potential and Its Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrients Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota of Hu Sheep.
Yeast strains are widely used in ruminant production. However, knowledge about the effects of rumen native yeasts on ruminants is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain a rumen native yeast isolate and investigate its effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbiota in Hu sheep. Yeasts were isolated by picking up colonies from agar plates, and identified by sequencing the ITS sequences. One isolate belonging to had the highest optical density among these isolates obtained. This isolate was prepared to perform an animal feeding trial. A randomized block design was used for the animal trial. Sixteen Hu sheep were randomly assigned to the control (CON, fed basal diet, = 8) and treatment group (LPK, fed basal diet plus , CFU = 8 × 10 head/d, = 8). Sheep were housed individually and treated for 4 weeks. Compared to CON, LPK increased final body weight, nutrient digestibility and rumen acetate concentration and acetate-to-propionate ratio in sheep. The results of Illumina MiSeq PE 300 sequencing showed that LPK increased the relative abundance of lipolytic bacteria ( spp. and spp.) and probiotic bacteria ( spp. and spp.). For rumen eukaryotes, LPK increased the genera associated with fiber degradation, including protozoan and fungus . Our results discovered that rumen native yeast isolate might promote the digestion of fibers and lipids by modulating specific microbial populations with enhancing acetate-type fermentation.
PubMed: 36547593
DOI: 10.3390/jof8121260 -
PLoS Pathogens May 2023The pathogenic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii, previously known as Candida krusei, is more distantly related to Candida albicans than clinically relevant CTG-clade Candida...
The pathogenic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii, previously known as Candida krusei, is more distantly related to Candida albicans than clinically relevant CTG-clade Candida species. Its cell wall, a dynamic organelle that is the first point of interaction between pathogen and host, is relatively understudied, and its wall proteome remains unidentified to date. Here, we present an integrated study of the cell wall in P. kudriavzevii. Our comparative genomic studies and experimental data indicate that the general structure of the cell wall in P. kudriavzevii is similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and C. albicans and is comprised of β-1,3-glucan, β-1,6-glucan, chitin, and mannoproteins. However, some pronounced differences with C. albicans walls were observed, for instance, higher mannan and protein levels and altered protein mannosylation patterns. Further, despite absence of proteins with high sequence similarity to Candida adhesins, protein structure modeling identified eleven proteins related to flocculins/adhesins in S. cerevisiae or C. albicans. To obtain a proteomic comparison of biofilm and planktonic cells, P. kudriavzevii cells were grown to exponential phase and in static 24-h cultures. Interestingly, the 24-h static cultures of P. kudriavzevii yielded formation of floating biofilm (flor) rather than adherence to polystyrene at the bottom. The proteomic analysis of both conditions identified a total of 33 cell wall proteins. In line with a possible role in flor formation, increased abundance of flocculins, in particular Flo110, was observed in the floating biofilm compared to exponential cells. This study is the first to provide a detailed description of the cell wall in P. kudriavzevii including its cell wall proteome, and paves the way for further investigations on the importance of flor formation and flocculins in the pathogenesis of P. kudriavzevii.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Proteome; Proteomics; Candida albicans; Candida; Biofilms; Genomics; Cell Wall
PubMed: 37196016
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011158 -
3 Biotech Sep 2023This study aimed to isolate and characterize potential probiotic yeasts from Ethiopian injera sourdough and the study was conducted by collecting samples from Gondar and...
This study aimed to isolate and characterize potential probiotic yeasts from Ethiopian injera sourdough and the study was conducted by collecting samples from Gondar and Bahir Dar cities, Ethiopia. The potential yeasts were isolated and identified using morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular based analysis. Promising isolates were selected to further investigate their in vitro probiotic properties, including survival at different temperatures (25, 30, 37, and 42 °C), acidic pH (2, 3, 4 and 5), bile salt (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%), and osmotolerance (20, 30, 40, and 50% glucose concentration), antimicrobial activities, proteolytic and lipolytic activities as well as resistance to four antibiotics. From 20 samples, 38 isolates were obtained. Among these, 10 produced low or non-hydrogen sulfide and were selected for further work. Further screening tests revealed that five isolates (G1N1, G2N4, G3N1, G8N1, and B6N3) were able tolerate and grow at 37 °C, with harsh conditions of the human digestive tract like low pH, bile salt, and higher osmotic effect. The maximum growth OD values were recorded at 37 °C by isolate G4N1 (OD value (0.6667), while G3N1 exhibited a maximum growth OD value of 0.4227 at pH 2. On the other hand, G2N4 gave a maximum OD value of 0.8800 at 0.3% bile salt concentration. The promising isolates were sequenced and identified to species level. Based on phylogenetic tree analysis, all the five probiotic yeast isolates had one common ancestor and belonging to (G1N1 and G2N4), (G3N1 and B6N3), and (G8N1). This study revealed that Ethiopian injera sourdough could be potential source of different probiotic yeast strains. Strong emphasis should be given about the use of probiotic yeasts that are isolated from Ethiopian fermented foods.
PubMed: 37581092
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03729-2 -
Current Microbiology Oct 2023The isolation of endogenous yeast strains from traditionally fermented food products to use as functional starter cultures has become more popular for improved food...
The isolation of endogenous yeast strains from traditionally fermented food products to use as functional starter cultures has become more popular for improved food safety, quality, and beneficial health effects. In this study, 107 Pichia kudriavzevii strains were isolated from sourdough, shalgam, tarhana, artisanal Tulum cheese, and yogurt. The strains were identified by DNA fingerprinting using iPBS-PCR method before technological and probiotic characterization. The multivariate statistical approach revealed that five strains were most promising in terms of technological characterization, including different harsh growth conditions. These strains were also examined in terms of probiotic properties with a commercial S. cerevisiae var boulardii MYA-796 strain. The multivariate statistical analyses indicated that P. kudriavzevii 5S5 were most promising in in vitro probiotic properties such as surviving in human GI conditions, adhering to intestinal cell lines, and exhibiting high hydrophobicity. Therefore, it seems to be a great starter candidate for the production of functional fermented food products.
Topics: Humans; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Fermentation; Probiotics; Fermented Foods
PubMed: 37861932
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03505-8 -
Indian Journal of Microbiology Dec 2020The search for promising yeasts that surpass the fermentative capacity of commercial strains, such as CAT-1, is of great importance for industrial ethanol processes in...
The search for promising yeasts that surpass the fermentative capacity of commercial strains, such as CAT-1, is of great importance for industrial ethanol processes in the world. Two yeasts, BB2 and BB9, were evaluated in comparison to the industrial yeast CAT-1. The objective was to evaluate the performance profile of the three studied strains in terms of growth, substrate consumption, and metabolite formation, aiming to determine their behaviour in different media and pH conditions. The results showed that under cultivation conditions simulating the medium used in the industrial process (must at 22° Brix at pH 3.0) the highest ethanol productivity was 0.41 g L h for CAT-1, compared to 0.11 g L h and 0.16 g L h for and BB2, respectively. CAT-1 produced three times more ethanol in must at pH 3.0 (28.30 g L) and in mineral medium at pH 3.0 (29.17 g L) and 5.0 (30.70 g L) when compared to the value obtained in sugarcane must pH 3.0 (9.89 g L). It was concluded that CAT-1 was not limited by the variation in pH in the mineral medium due to its nutritional composition, guaranteeing better performance of the yeast even in the presence of stressors. Only CAT-1 expressed he constitutive invertase enzyme, which is responsible for hydrolysing the sucrose contained in the must.
PubMed: 33087999
DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00891-6