-
Pediatric Dermatology Jan 2020
Topics: Child; Humans; Mosaicism; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 31997452
DOI: 10.1111/pde.14106 -
Cells Sep 2022Autophagy is a vital process for cell survival and it preserves homeostasis by recycling or disassembling unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular constituents. Autophagy... (Review)
Review
Autophagy is a vital process for cell survival and it preserves homeostasis by recycling or disassembling unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular constituents. Autophagy ameliorates skin integrity, regulating epidermal differentiation and constitutive pigmentation. It induces melanogenesis and contributes to skin color through melanosome turnover. Autophagy activity is involved in skin phenotypic plasticity and cell function maintenance and, if altered, it concurs to the onset and/or progression of hypopigmentary and hyperpigmentary disorders. Overexpression of autophagy exerts a protective role against the intrinsic metabolic stress occurring in vitiligo skin, while its dysfunction has been linked to the tuberous sclerosis complex hypopigmentation. Again, autophagy impairment reduces melanosome degradation by concurring to pigment accumulation characterizing senile lentigo and melasma. Here we provide an updated review that describes recent findings on the crucial role of autophagy in skin pigmentation, thus revealing the complex interplay among melanocyte biology, skin environment and autophagy. Hence, targeting this process may also represent a promising strategy for treating pigmentary disorders.
Topics: Autophagy; Humans; Hypopigmentation; Melanocytes; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 36230960
DOI: 10.3390/cells11192999 -
Animal Genetics Feb 2022Our understanding of canine coat colour genetics and the associated health implications is developing rapidly. To date, there are 15 genes with known roles in canine... (Review)
Review
Our understanding of canine coat colour genetics and the associated health implications is developing rapidly. To date, there are 15 genes with known roles in canine coat colour phenotypes. Many coat phenotypes result from complex and/or epistatic genetic interactions among variants within and between loci, some of which remain unidentified. Some genes involved in canine pigmentation have been linked to aural, visual and neurological impairments. Consequently, coat pigmentation in the domestic dog retains considerable ethical and economic interest. In this paper we discuss coat colour phenotypes in the domestic dog, the genes and variants responsible for these phenotypes and any proven coat colour-associated health effects.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Hair Color; Phenotype; Pigmentation; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 34751460
DOI: 10.1111/age.13154 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Nov 2022Hypomelanosis of Ito is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by presence of hypopigmented skin lesions arranged in whorls and streaks following the lines of...
Hypomelanosis of Ito is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by presence of hypopigmented skin lesions arranged in whorls and streaks following the lines of Blaschko and are often accompanied by abnormalities of the central nervous system, skeletal system, eyes and teeth. Additional symptoms include deafness, hemihypertrophy, cardiac abnormalities, renal malformations, and abnormalities of the genitourinary tract.
Topics: Humans; Hypopigmentation; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 35731502
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04208-x -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jun 2021
Topics: Addison Disease; Adult; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Pigmentation Disorders; Tongue; Tongue Diseases
PubMed: 34161701
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2100706 -
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD Dec 2020Hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation are two manifestations of skin pigmentation diseases. Recent studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the development of... (Review)
Review
Hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation are two manifestations of skin pigmentation diseases. Recent studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the development of skin pigmentation diseases. The melanosome is a lysosome-related organelle characterized by the production of melanin. The autophagosome-lysosome degradation pathway exhibits a characteristic cell renewal function. The functions of melanosomes and autophagosomes intersect and the vesicle transport pathway mediates both autophagosome and melanosome formation, which may involve different regulatory protein complexes. Current studies have revealed that several autophagy-related regulators of autophagosome formation are involved in melanosome formation and maturation and also regulate melanogenesis, and that melanosomes can be degraded via autophagy in melanocytes. Autophagy is also involved in regulating the living environment of melanocytes. Understanding the effects of autophagy on pigmentation may support our understanding of pigmentation diseases. This article reviews the relationship between autophagy and pigmentation in melanocytes.
Topics: Autophagy; Humans; Melanocytes; Melanosomes; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 33262098
DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2020.3930 -
International Journal of Dermatology Dec 2023Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation (ADMH), previously known as macular pigmentation of uncertain etiology (MPUE), is an umbrella concept that unifies the distinct... (Review)
Review
Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation (ADMH), previously known as macular pigmentation of uncertain etiology (MPUE), is an umbrella concept that unifies the distinct but overlapping acquired dermal pigmentary disorders like lichen planus pigmentosus, ashy dermatosis, erythema dyschromicum perstans, Riehl's melanosis and pigmented contact dermatitis. All of these disorders usually lack a clinically apparent inflammatory phase, are characterised by dermal pigmentation clinically and histologically, and have a variable protracted disease course. Recently, a proposal has been made to classify these disorders into those with and without contact sensitisation. Dermoscopy is essentially similar across the spectrum of these disorders, and is useful for diagnosis and therapeutic response monitoring. Scoring system has been validated for the same. The treatment of ADMH remains challenging, with multiple topicals, oral therapies including mycophenolate mofetil, and lasers tried. Need of the hour is randomised controlled trials to enhance the therapeutic armamentarium.
Topics: Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Lichen Planus; Erythema; Melanosis; Dermatitis, Contact
PubMed: 37767951
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16859 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Dec 2020Pigmentation disorders are among the most common cutaneous changes and occur in up to 60% of all people. They can be genetic or acquired, functionally or cosmetically... (Review)
Review
Pigmentation disorders are among the most common cutaneous changes and occur in up to 60% of all people. They can be genetic or acquired, functionally or cosmetically disturbing, or the expression of a medical disorder. The best treatment options for hyperpigmentation are usually lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL). However, they can also worsen some conditions and are occasionally associated with side effects. A correct diagnosis is therefore essential, taking into account the skin type, the type of pigmentation and how deep the pigmentation is located in the skin. The most common indications for which laser treatment is recommended include genetically predisposed nevi (Becker, Ota, Hora, Ito, acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules [ABNOM]), pigmentation (e.g., lentigines, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, ephelides, café au lait, nevus spilus, linear and whorled hypermelanosis [LWNH]), nevus cell nevi, exogenous pigments, tattoos and cosmetic pigments.
Topics: Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Laser Therapy; Lentigo; Melanosis; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33159249
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-020-04716-x -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Feb 2022There is an increasing recognition of ethnic dermatology to reflect the increase in skin of colour (SOC) populations in the UK. Hyperpigmentary disorder is one of the... (Review)
Review
There is an increasing recognition of ethnic dermatology to reflect the increase in skin of colour (SOC) populations in the UK. Hyperpigmentary disorder is one of the commonest skin concerns in SOC but there has been limited training available in this field of dermatology. Variations in skin colour are genetically determined by the amount of melanin content, the eumelanin/pheomelanin ratio and the size of melanosomes, but is also influenced by other factors such as hormones and extrinsic factors such as ultraviolet radiation. Hyperpigmentation is a broad term to describe increased pigmentation in the skin, and making a correct diagnosis is an important first step in the successful management of hyperpigmentary disorders. A systematic approach based on the disease pathogenesis (e.g. reactive vs. nonreactive, increased melanin vs. increased number of cells or epidermal vs. dermal pigmentation) aided by a detailed history and clinical examination is the best way to diagnose a hyperpigmentary disorder. Based on its pathogenesis, management can be planned. For epidermal hyperpigmentation caused by increased melanin, topical skin-lightening agents targeting inhibition of tyrosinase or melanosome transfer and promotion of keratinocyte turnover can be used. Hydroquinone-containing cream is the gold-standard treatment for epidermal hyperpigmentation. Alternative treatments include laser toning or chemical peels. However, increased dermal pigmentation is more challenging to target with topical treatments. If hyperpigmentation is due to increased numbers of melanocytes or keratinocytes, high-fluence laser is the most appropriate treatment method.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hyperpigmentation; Melanins; Melanocytes; Skin Cream
PubMed: 33999447
DOI: 10.1111/ced.14747 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger May 2020In this review, we discuss pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD), which are a group of benign, chronic diseases characterised by purpuric eruption. PPD comprise mb.... (Review)
Review
In this review, we discuss pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD), which are a group of benign, chronic diseases characterised by purpuric eruption. PPD comprise mb. Schamberg, mb. Majocchi, Gougerot-Blum, lichen aureus, and Doucas and Kapetanakis eczematoid purpura. PPD can be seen in both genders and may affect all age groups. Purpura is often localised to the lower extremities, and it may be asymptomatic or pruritic. PPD is usually diagnosed upon recognition of classical clinical features, but the diagnosis can also be confirmed by a skin biopsy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Keratosis; Male; Pigmentation Disorders; Pruritus; Purpura; Skin
PubMed: 32515323
DOI: No ID Found