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Current Drug Discovery Technologies 2020Melasma is a skin pigmentation disorder that remains resistant to available therapies. The exact cause of melasma is unknown. Histamine is an inflammatory factor. Its... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Melasma is a skin pigmentation disorder that remains resistant to available therapies. The exact cause of melasma is unknown. Histamine is an inflammatory factor. Its involvement in pigmentation is obscure. The aim of this study is to introduce an herbal antihistamine H2 receptor which is effective in these disorders.
METHODS
This is a review study by searching the electronic databases and also Persian Medicine books, from 2000 to 2018 by the keywords such as H2 antagonist, H2 blocker and melasma.
RESULTS
According to the researched studies, histamine can induce melanogenesis and melasma after a series of stages in the body. Also, Histamine, through receptors 2, triggers melasma. Therefore, it can be said that antihistamine H2 receptor can be effective in melasma. Considering chemical antihistamine, H2 receptors have side effects, such as digestive problems, H2 antagonists can be used in the treatment of diseases such as dyspepsia but they have multiple complications. On the other hand, there is an herbal H2 antagonist that can be useful for melasma due to having some special properties.
CONCLUSION
Herbal H2 blockers should be noted in melasma treatment along with the topical drugs.
Topics: Zingiber officinale; Histamine; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Melanins; Melanosis; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 30666910
DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190121145653 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Jan 2020Oral (OP) and nail (NP) pigmentations may occur simultaneously in physiological or pathological conditions, and may be a sign of underlying syndromic conditions that... (Review)
Review
Oral (OP) and nail (NP) pigmentations may occur simultaneously in physiological or pathological conditions, and may be a sign of underlying syndromic conditions that necessitate further investigation and treatment. Interestingly, the nail unit and oral cavity show a clinical parallelism that may help the clinician to conduct a correct examination and reach a prompt diagnosis. Both OP and NP can manifest clinically with focal or diffuse involvement and are due to external factors (exogenous pigmentation, drug-induced pigmentation) or endogenous factors (racial pigmentation, post-inflammatory pigmentation, nevi, genetic conditions and other disorders). The most concerning differential diagnosis is melanoma. Here we report the pathogenetic basis of OP and NP, together with the description of similar clinical features. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper to summarize and describe the causes of pigmentation of both the oral cavity and the nail unit.
Topics: Addison Disease; Dermoscopy; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Nail Diseases; Nails; Nevus; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 31951106
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14023 -
Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Sep 2022Pigmented lesions of the mucosa are a common reason to consult a dermatologist. They have heterogeneous etiologies and comprise a wide range of differential...
BACKGROUND
Pigmented lesions of the mucosa are a common reason to consult a dermatologist. They have heterogeneous etiologies and comprise a wide range of differential diagnoses. Both practitioners and patients are often uncertain about the malignancy of the lesions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Review and demonstration of the most common pigmentation disorders of the mucous membranes, including discussion of clinical findings and underlying causes.
RESULTS
Pigmented mucosal lesions can be classified as either focal or multifocal-diffuse. Focal hyperpigmentation encompasses melanotic macules, nevi, deposition of exogenous materials or pigments, and oral melanoacanthoma. They are mostly benign but must be discerned from mucosal melanoma with an aggressive course and poor prognosis. Multifocal or diffuse hyperpigmentation may be drug-induced or indicative of an underlying medical condition. Importantly, as part of hereditary syndromes further diagnostic work-up is required.
CONCLUSION
Specific knowledge of the distribution and causes of pigmented mucosal lesions helps in clinical assessment between benign findings and those requiring further work-up and histologic clarification.
Topics: Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Melanoma; Mucous Membrane; Nevus; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35997969
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05039-9 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2021
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Nail Diseases; Nails, Malformed; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 34404676
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245878 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Sep 2021
Topics: Animals; Child, Preschool; Hand; Heteroptera; Humans; Male; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 34583346
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0381 -
Journal of Biological Regulators and... 2021It is well known that greenish pigmentation of the teeth is seen in children following remission of severe jaundice and clinical and serum bilirubin, a degradation... (Review)
Review
It is well known that greenish pigmentation of the teeth is seen in children following remission of severe jaundice and clinical and serum bilirubin, a degradation product of haemoglobin, may be permanently trapped in forming dental hard tissues causing discolouration and enamel and dentine hypoplasia. Neonatal jaundice is the most common cause of hyperbilirubinemia and pigmentation of the deciduous teeth is the consequence of this condition. Various hepatobiliary pathologies may have a clinical finding in the oral cavity; furthermore, oral manifestations of hepatic pathologies are not just limited to the pigmentation of the deciduous teeth but also the permanent dentition and the mucous membranes can be affected.
Topics: Child; Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pigmentation Disorders; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 34289671
DOI: 10.23812/21-3supp1-14 -
British Dental Journal Dec 2020
Topics: Humans; Pigmentation; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 33339913
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-2520-8 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Mar 2020Placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serpiginous choroiditis are among the white dot retinal syndromes and possess similarities that can cause confusion between these two... (Review)
Review
Placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serpiginous choroiditis are among the white dot retinal syndromes and possess similarities that can cause confusion between these two diseases. However, they are very different in terms of their progression and prognosis, which requires a diagnosis of certainty in order to better manage the patients with the diseases and identify potentially serious progressive complications. The clinical presentation, results of testing, differential diagnoses and treatment of these two pathologies are discussed in this article.
Topics: Choroiditis; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Humans; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Pigmentation Disorders; Prognosis; Retinal Diseases; White Dot Syndromes
PubMed: 32007311
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2019.04.022 -
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Jun 2021Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with characteristic pigment distribution, and there are currently 3 types according to the underlying... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with characteristic pigment distribution, and there are currently 3 types according to the underlying genetic defect and clinical features. We present the case of a girl born from consanguineous parents who presented with predominant neurologic symptoms, silvery hair and granulomatous skin lesions. Cerebral magnetic resonance revealed diffuse white matter lesions, and central nervous system (CNS) lymphocytic infiltration was suspected. The patient underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with graft failure and autologous reconstitution. She developed elevated liver enzyme with a cholestatic pattern. Multiple liver biopsies revealed centrilobular cholestasis and unspecific portal inflammation that improved with immunomodulatory treatment. She was revealed to have an impaired cytotoxicity in NK cells and a decreased expression of RAB27A. However, no variants were found in the gene. All types of GS present with pigment dilution and irregular pigment clumps that can be seen through light microscopy in hair and skin biopsy. Dermic granulomas and immunodeficiency with infectious and HLH predisposition have been described in GS type 2 (GS2). Neurologic alterations might be seen in GS type 1 (GS1) and GS type 2 (GS2), due to different mechanisms. GS1 presents with neurologic impairment secondary to myosin Va role in neuronal development and synapsis. Meanwhile, GS2 can present with neurologic impairment secondary to SNC HLH. Clinical features and cytotoxicity might aid in differentiating GS1 and GS2, especially since treatment differs.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biopsy; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Mutation; Phenotype; Piebaldism; Pigmentation Disorders; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; Prognosis
PubMed: 33660295
DOI: 10.1111/sji.13034 -
Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North... Nov 2019This article discusses complications that may occur after procedures on the lips, specifically focusing on injectable fillers. Evidence-based guidelines and suggested... (Review)
Review
This article discusses complications that may occur after procedures on the lips, specifically focusing on injectable fillers. Evidence-based guidelines and suggested methods to manage these complications are presented in a systematic format.
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Dermal Fillers; Ecchymosis; Edema; Granuloma, Foreign-Body; Humans; Infections; Lip; Lip Diseases; Pigmentation Disorders; Rejuvenation
PubMed: 31587774
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2019.07.011