-
The Plant Cell Aug 2022The phytohormone auxin is a master regulator of plant growth and development in response to many endogenous and environmental signals. The underlying coordination of... (Review)
Review
The phytohormone auxin is a master regulator of plant growth and development in response to many endogenous and environmental signals. The underlying coordination of growth is mediated by the formation of auxin maxima and concentration gradients. The visualization of auxin dynamics and distribution can therefore provide essential information to increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which auxin orchestrates these growth and developmental processes. Several auxin reporters have been developed to better perceive the auxin distribution and signaling machinery in vivo. This review focuses on different types of auxin reporters and biosensors used to monitor auxin distribution and its dynamics, as well as auxin signaling, at the cellular and tissue levels in different plant species. We provide a brief history of each reporter and biosensor group and explain their principles and utilities.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plants; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35708654
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac179 -
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Sep 2020
Topics: Light Signal Transduction; Photobiology; Phototrophic Processes; Plant Development
PubMed: 32776700
DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13004 -
Plant Science : An International... Dec 2021For decades, the biological roles of plant lectins remained obscure and subject to speculation. With the advent of technological and scientific progress, researchers... (Review)
Review
For decades, the biological roles of plant lectins remained obscure and subject to speculation. With the advent of technological and scientific progress, researchers have compiled a vast amount of information regarding the structure, biological activities and functionality of hundreds of plant lectins. Data mining of genomes and transcriptome sequencing and high-throughput analyses have resulted in new insights. This review aims to provide an overview of what is presently known about plant lectins, highlighting their versatility and the importance of plant lectins for a multitude of biological processes, such as plant development, immunity, stress signaling and regulation of gene expression. Though lectins primarily act as readers of the glycocode, the multiple roles of plant lectins suggest that their functionality goes beyond carbohydrate-recognition.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Plant Development; Plant Immunity; Plant Lectins
PubMed: 34763880
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111096 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Dec 2023Single-cell genomics technologies are ushering in a new research era. In this review, we summarize the benefits and current challenges of using these technologies to... (Review)
Review
Single-cell genomics technologies are ushering in a new research era. In this review, we summarize the benefits and current challenges of using these technologies to probe the transcriptional regulation of plant development. In addition to profiling cells at a single snapshot in time, researchers have recently produced time-resolved datasets to map cell responses to stimuli. Live-imaging and spatial transcriptomic techniques are rapidly being adopted to link a cell's transcriptional profile with its spatial location within a tissue. Combining these technologies is a powerful spatiotemporal approach to investigate cell plasticity and developmental responses that contribute to plant resilience. Although there are hurdles to overcome, we conclude by discussing how single-cell genomics is poised to address developmental questions in the coming years.
Topics: Genomics; Transcriptome; Gene Expression Profiling; Plant Development; Single-Cell Analysis
PubMed: 37696725
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102444 -
Physiologia Plantarum Oct 2020Melatonin is widely involved in plant growth and stress responses as a master regulator. Melatonin treatment alters the levels of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and NO... (Review)
Review
Melatonin is widely involved in plant growth and stress responses as a master regulator. Melatonin treatment alters the levels of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and NO affects endogenous melatonin content. Melatonin and NO may induce various plant physiological behavior through interaction mechanism. However, the interactions between melatonin and NO in plants are largely unknown. The review presented the metabolism of endogenous melatonin and NO and their relationship in plants. The interactions between melatonin and NO in plant growth and development and responses to environmental stress were summarized. The molecular mechanisms of interaction between melatonin and NO in plants were also proposed.
Topics: Melatonin; Nitric Oxide; Plant Development; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plants; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 32479663
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13143 -
Trends in Plant Science Nov 2021X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a valuable tool for 3D imaging of plant tissues and organs. Applications include the study of plant development and organ... (Review)
Review
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a valuable tool for 3D imaging of plant tissues and organs. Applications include the study of plant development and organ morphogenesis, as well as modeling of transport processes in plants. Some challenges remain, however, including attaining higher contrast for easier quantification, increasing the resolution for imaging subcellular features, and decreasing image acquisition and processing time for high-throughput phenotyping. In addition, phase contrast, multispectral, dark-field, soft X-ray, and time-resolved imaging are emerging. At the same time, a large amount of 3D image data are becoming available, posing challenges for data management. We review recent advances in the area of X-ray CT for plant imaging, and describe opportunities for using such images for studying transport processes in plants.
Topics: Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Plant Development; Plants; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34404587
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.010 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Plasmodesmata are plant intercellular channels that mediate the transport of small and large molecules including RNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that regulate plant... (Review)
Review
Plasmodesmata are plant intercellular channels that mediate the transport of small and large molecules including RNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that regulate plant development. In this review, we present current research on plasmodesmata form and function and discuss the main regulatory pathways. We show the progress made in the development of approaches and tools to dissect the plasmodesmata proteome in diverse plant species and discuss future perspectives and challenges in this field of research.
Topics: Cell Communication; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plasmodesmata; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35349130
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2132-5_1 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Nov 2022In plants, plastids are thought to interconvert to various forms that are specialized for photosynthesis, starch and oil storage, and diverse pigment accumulation.... (Review)
Review
In plants, plastids are thought to interconvert to various forms that are specialized for photosynthesis, starch and oil storage, and diverse pigment accumulation. Post-endosymbiotic evolution has led to adaptations and specializations within plastid populations that align organellar functions with different cellular properties in primary and secondary metabolism, plant growth, organ development, and environmental sensing. Here, we review the plastid biology literature in light of recent reports supporting a class of 'sensory plastids' that are specialized for stress sensing and signaling. Abundant literature indicates that epidermal and vascular parenchyma plastids display shared features of dynamic morphology, proteome composition, and plastid-nuclear interaction that facilitate environmental sensing and signaling. These findings have the potential to reshape our understanding of plastid functional diversification.
Topics: Plastids; Plant Development; Photosynthesis; Secondary Metabolism; Symbiosis
PubMed: 35994779
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac334 -
Plant Physiology May 2021Oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been co-opted during evolution into the regulation of plant growth, development, and differentiation. ROS and oxidative... (Review)
Review
Oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been co-opted during evolution into the regulation of plant growth, development, and differentiation. ROS and oxidative signals arising from metabolism or phytohormone-mediated processes control almost every aspect of plant development from seed and bud dormancy, liberation of meristematic cells from the quiescent state, root and shoot growth, and architecture, to flowering and seed production. Moreover, the phytochrome and phytohormone-dependent transmissions of ROS waves are central to the systemic whole plant signaling pathways that integrate root and shoot growth. The sensing of oxygen availability through the PROTEOLYSIS 6 (PRT6) N-degron pathway functions alongside ROS production and signaling but how these pathways interact in developing organs remains poorly understood. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the nature of hydrogen peroxide sensors and the role of thiol-dependent signaling networks in the transmission of ROS signals. Reduction/oxidation (redox) changes in the glutathione (GSH) pool, glutaredoxins (GRXs), and thioredoxins (TRXs) are important in the control of growth mediated by phytohormone pathways. Although, it is clear that the redox states of proteins involved in plant growth and development are controlled by the NAD(P)H thioredoxin reductase (NTR)/TRX and reduced GSH/GRX systems of the cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nucleus, we have only scratched the surface of this multilayered control and how redox-regulated processes interact with other cell signaling systems.
Topics: Oxygen; Plant Development; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 33793863
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa077 -
Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi... Oct 2019Plants grow in dynamic environments where they receive diverse environmental signals. Swift and precise control of gene expression is essential for plants to align their... (Review)
Review
Plants grow in dynamic environments where they receive diverse environmental signals. Swift and precise control of gene expression is essential for plants to align their development and metabolism with fluctuating surroundings. Modifications on histones serve as "histone code" to specify chromatin and gene activities. Different modifications execute distinct functions on the chromatin, promoting either active transcription or gene silencing. Histone writers, erasers, and readers mediate the regulation of histone modifications by catalyzing, removing, and recognizing modifications, respectively. Growing evidence indicates the important function of histone modifications in plant development and environmental responses. Histone modifications also serve as environmental memory for plants to adapt to environmental changes. Here we review recent progress on the regulation of histone modifications in plants, the impact of histone modifications on environment-controlled developmental transitions including germination and flowering, and the role of histone modifications in environmental memory.
Topics: Chromatin; Flowers; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Germination; Histones; Plant Development
PubMed: 31813758
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.09.005