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Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021Nanoparticles are an extensive class of naturally occurred or man-made objects; it has been widely using in our daily life. As increasing usage, nanoparticles are also...
Nanoparticles are an extensive class of naturally occurred or man-made objects; it has been widely using in our daily life. As increasing usage, nanoparticles are also released into the environment and are becoming an emerged environmental pollution. In the past decade, impact of nanoparticles on plant growth and development has been becoming a major research topic in the environmental toxicology. In this chapter, we introduce a step-by-step protocol for investigating the effects of nanoparticles on plant growth and development as well as biomass production. Additionally, this protocol also tests the water content and the rate of root and up-ground part to better explain the impact of nanoparticles on plant growth. This protocol adopts plant tissue culture technology to culture plants which makes test easier and can be tested anytime during the year.
Topics: Biomass; Environmental Pollutants; Germination; Nanoparticles; Plant Development; Seeds; Tissue Culture Techniques
PubMed: 34097271
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1514-0_15 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022Despite recent advancements in plant molecular biology and biotechnology, providing enough, and safe, food for an increasing world population remains a challenge. The... (Review)
Review
Despite recent advancements in plant molecular biology and biotechnology, providing enough, and safe, food for an increasing world population remains a challenge. The research into plant development and environmental adaptability has attracted more and more attention from various countries. The transcription of some genes, regulated by transcript factors (TFs), and their response to biological and abiotic stresses, are activated or inhibited during plant development; examples include, rooting, flowering, fruit ripening, drought, flooding, high temperature, pathogen infection, etc. Therefore, the screening and characterization of transcription factors have increasingly become a hot topic in the field of plant research. BLH/BELL (BEL1-like homeodomain) transcription factors belong to a subfamily of the TALE (three-amino-acid-loop-extension) superfamily and its members are involved in the regulation of many vital biological processes, during plant development and environmental response. This review focuses on the advances in our understanding of the function of BLH/BELL TFs in different plants and their involvement in the development of meristems, flower, fruit, plant morphogenesis, plant cell wall structure, the response to the environment, including light and plant resistance to stress, biosynthesis and signaling of ABA (Abscisic acid), IAA (Indoleacetic acid), GA (Gibberellic Acid) and JA (Jasmonic Acid). We discuss the theoretical basis and potential regulatory models for BLH/BELL TFs' action and provide a comprehensive view of their multiple roles in modulating different aspects of plant development and response to environmental stress and phytohormones. We also present the value of BLHs in the molecular breeding of improved crop varieties and the future research direction of the BLH gene family.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Proteins; Plants; Stress, Physiological; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 35409091
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073731 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Apr 2024
Topics: Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 38428320
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102525 -
Essays in Biochemistry Dec 2020Precursor RNAs undergo extensive processing to become mature RNAs. RNA transcripts are subjected to 5' capping, 3'-end processing, splicing, and modification; they also... (Review)
Review
Precursor RNAs undergo extensive processing to become mature RNAs. RNA transcripts are subjected to 5' capping, 3'-end processing, splicing, and modification; they also form dynamic secondary structures during co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional processing. Like coding RNAs, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) undergo extensive processing. For example, secondary small interfering RNA (siRNA) transcripts undergo RNA processing, followed by further cleavage to become mature siRNAs. Transcriptome studies have revealed roles for co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional RNA processing in the regulation of gene expression and the coordination of plant development and plant-environment interactions. In this review, we present the latest progress on RNA processing in gene expression and discuss phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs), a kind of germ cell-specific secondary small RNA (sRNA), focusing on their functions in plant development and environmental responses.
Topics: Environment; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; MicroRNAs; Plant Development; RNA Precursors; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; RNA, Plant; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 33236759
DOI: 10.1042/EBC20200029 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Functional-structural plant models are valuable modeling tools in analyzing plant development. A functional-structural plant model combines a three-dimensional...
Functional-structural plant models are valuable modeling tools in analyzing plant development. A functional-structural plant model combines a three-dimensional representation of plant structure with models for physiological functions in order to better understand plant development. We present a guide to simulating crop root systems with OpenSimRoot, a feature-rich, highly cited, and open-source functional-structural root architecture model. We describe in detail how to create your own input files in conjunction with some examples. The aim of this guide is to highlight the potential of computational modeling in biology and to make modeling more accessible to the plant science community.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Models, Biological; Plant Development; Plant Roots; Plants
PubMed: 34822160
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1816-5_15 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2022Due to their role as energy and carbon sources and their regulatory functions, sugars influence all phases of the plant life cycle, interact with other signaling...
Due to their role as energy and carbon sources and their regulatory functions, sugars influence all phases of the plant life cycle, interact with other signaling molecules, including phytohormones, and control plant growth and development [...].
Topics: Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plants; Signal Transduction; Sugars
PubMed: 35563551
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095161 -
Histidine Kinases: Diverse Functions in Plant Development and Responses to Environmental Conditions.Annual Review of Plant Biology Jun 2021The two-component system (TCS), which is one of the most evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway systems, has been known to regulate multiple biological activities... (Review)
Review
The two-component system (TCS), which is one of the most evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway systems, has been known to regulate multiple biological activities and environmental responses in plants. Significant progress has been made in characterizing the biological functions of the TCS components, including signal receptor histidine kinase (HK) proteins, signal transducer histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins, and effector response regulator proteins. In this review, our scope is focused on the diverse structure, subcellular localization, and interactions of the HK proteins, as well as their signaling functions during development and environmental responses across different plant species. Based on data collected from scientific studies, knowledge about acting mechanisms and regulatory roles of HK proteins is presented. This comprehensive summary ofthe HK-related network provides a panorama of sophisticated modulating activities of HK members and gaps in understanding these activities, as well as the basis for developing biotechnological strategies to enhance the quality of crop plants.
Topics: Histidine; Histidine Kinase; Plant Development; Plants; Protein Kinases
PubMed: 34143645
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-093057 -
American Journal of Botany Sep 2021
Topics: Hormones; Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plasmodesmata
PubMed: 34580857
DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1733 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Aug 2020Morphogenesis is a highly controlled biological process that is crucial for organisms to develop cells and organs of a particular shape. Plants have the remarkable... (Review)
Review
Morphogenesis is a highly controlled biological process that is crucial for organisms to develop cells and organs of a particular shape. Plants have the remarkable ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, despite being sessile organisms with their cells affixed to each other by their cell wall. It is therefore evident that morphogenesis in plants requires the existence of robust sensing machineries at different scales. In this Review, I provide an overview on how mechanical forces are generated, sensed and transduced in plant cells. I then focus on how such forces regulate growth and form of plant cells and tissues.
Topics: Microtubules; Plant Cells; Plant Development; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 32817056
DOI: 10.1242/dev.177964 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Dec 2023A "ring" master of plant development and cellular genomics.
A "ring" master of plant development and cellular genomics.
Topics: Plant Development; Genomics
PubMed: 38060662
DOI: 10.1126/science.adl4710