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Journal of Plant Physiology Aug 2021Plants and animals utilize various regulatory mechanisms for control of gene expression during development in different tissues and cell types. About 30 years ago, a new... (Review)
Review
Plants and animals utilize various regulatory mechanisms for control of gene expression during development in different tissues and cell types. About 30 years ago, a new mechanism of gene regulation, termed RNA interference (RNAi), was discovered and proved revolutionary for the mechanistic understanding of gene regulation. Noncoding RNAs, including short, 21-24 nucleotide (nt) long microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenously-generated from MIR genes, are key components of RNAi processes, by post-transcriptionally controlling transcripts with antisense complementarity through either translational repression or mRNA degradation. Since their discovery, important roles in regulation of ontogenetic development, cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in eukaryotes have been elucidated. In plants, miRNAs are known regulatory elements of basic endogenous functions and responses to the environmental stimuli. While the role of miRNAs in regulation of nutrient uptake, circadian clock and general response to abiotic stress is already well understood, a comprehensive understanding of their immune-regulatory roles in response to various biotic stress factors has not yet been achieved. This review summarizes the current understanding of the function of miRNAs and their targets in plants during interaction with microbial pathogens and symbionts. Additionally, we provide a consensus conclusion regarding the typical induction or repression response of conserved miRNA families to pathogenic and beneficial fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes, as well as an outlook of agronomic application of miRNAs in plants. Further investigation of plant miRNAs responsive to microbes, aided with novel sequencing and bioinformatics approaches for discovery and prediction in non-model organisms holds great potential for development of new forms of plant protection.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; MicroRNAs; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; RNA, Plant; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34119743
DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153451 -
Plant Molecular Biology Dec 2023
Topics: Cell Wall; Cell Membrane; Biological Phenomena; Plant Development
PubMed: 38108951
DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01395-9 -
Nature Plants Sep 2019Cell walls are highly dynamic structures that provide mechanical support for plant cells during growth, development and adaptation to a changing environment. Thus, it is... (Review)
Review
Cell walls are highly dynamic structures that provide mechanical support for plant cells during growth, development and adaptation to a changing environment. Thus, it is important for plants to monitor the state of their cell walls and ensure their functional integrity at all times. This monitoring involves perception of physical forces at the cell wall-plasma membrane interphase. These forces are altered during cell division and morphogenesis, as well as in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Mechanisms responsible for the perception of physical stimuli involved in these processes have been difficult to separate from other regulatory mechanisms perceiving chemical signals such as hormones, peptides or cell wall fragments. However, recently developed technologies in combination with more established genetic and biochemical approaches are beginning to open up this exciting field of study. Here, we will review our current knowledge of plant cell wall integrity signalling using selected recent findings and highlight how the cell wall-plasma membrane interphase can act as a venue for sensing changes in the physical forces affecting plant development and stress responses. More importantly, we discuss how these signals may be integrated with chemical signals derived from established signalling cascades to control specific adaptive responses during exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Topics: Cell Wall; Plant Cells; Plant Development; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 31506641
DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0502-0 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2019Photomorphogenesis and skotomorphogenesis are two key events that control plant development, from seed germination to flowering and senescence. A group of... (Review)
Review
Photomorphogenesis and skotomorphogenesis are two key events that control plant development, from seed germination to flowering and senescence. A group of wavelength-specific photoreceptors, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and various transcription factors work together to regulate these two critical processes. Phytochromes are the main photoreceptors in plants for perceiving red/far-red light and transducing the light signals to downstream factors that regulate the gene expression network for photomorphogenic development. In this review, we highlight key developmental stages in the life cycle of plants and how phytochromes and other components in the phytochrome signaling pathway play roles in plant growth and development.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Light; Light Signal Transduction; Phytochrome; Plant Development; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 31817722
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246165 -
Bioscience Reports Oct 2020Plants integrate a variety of biotic and abiotic factors for optimal growth in their given environment. While some of these responses are local, others occur distally.... (Review)
Review
Plants integrate a variety of biotic and abiotic factors for optimal growth in their given environment. While some of these responses are local, others occur distally. Hence, communication of signals perceived in one organ to a second, distal part of the plant and the coordinated developmental response require an intricate signaling system. To do so, plants developed a bipartite vascular system that mediates the uptake of water, minerals, and nutrients from the soil; transports high-energy compounds and building blocks; and traffics essential developmental and stress signals. One component of the plant vasculature is the phloem. The development of highly sensitive mass spectrometry and molecular methods in the last decades has enabled us to explore the full complexity of the phloem content. As a result, our view of the phloem has evolved from a simple transport path of photoassimilates to a major highway for pathogens, hormones and developmental signals. Understanding phloem transport is essential to comprehend the coordination of environmental inputs with plant development and, thus, ensure food security. This review discusses recent developments in its role in long-distance signaling and highlights the role of some of the signaling molecules. What emerges is an image of signaling paths that do not just involve single molecules but rather, quite frequently an interplay of several distinct molecular classes, many of which appear to be transported and acting in concert.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Phloem; Plant Development; Plants; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 32955092
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20193329 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Feb 2020Phospholipids are major building blocks of cell membranes and as such they have a key structural role in maintaining their integrity as a hydrophobic barrier. However,... (Review)
Review
Phospholipids are major building blocks of cell membranes and as such they have a key structural role in maintaining their integrity as a hydrophobic barrier. However, phospholipids not only have structural but also regulatory functions that are involved in a myriad of signaling pathways. Integrative approaches in plants recently revealed that certain phospholipids have distinct patterns of accumulation at the tissue or organ scales, which turned out to be important cues in a developmental context. Using examples on different phospholipid classes, including phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidic acid, we review how spatio-temporal lipid patterns arise at the organismal level and what are their downstream consequences on plant development.
Topics: Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylinositols; Phospholipids; Plant Development
PubMed: 31580918
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.007 -
Biological Chemistry Apr 2023Recent findings expanded our knowledge about plant redox regulation in stress responses by demonstrating that redox processes exert crucial nuclear regulatory functions...
Recent findings expanded our knowledge about plant redox regulation in stress responses by demonstrating that redox processes exert crucial nuclear regulatory functions in meristems and other developmental processes. Analyses of redox-modulated transcription factor functions and coregulatory ROXYs, CC-type land-plant specific glutaredoxins, reveal new insights into the redox control of plant transcription factors and participation of ROXYs in plant development. The role for ROS and redox signaling in response to low-oxygen conditions further strengthens the importance of redox processes in meristems and tissue differentiation as well as for adaptation to changing environments effecting food crop productivity.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Glutaredoxins; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Development; Plants; Transcription Factors; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 36853884
DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0288 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2020The role of plant-derived smoke, which is changed in mineral-nutrient status, in enhancing germination and post-germination was effectively established. The majority of... (Review)
Review
The role of plant-derived smoke, which is changed in mineral-nutrient status, in enhancing germination and post-germination was effectively established. The majority of plant species positively respond to plant-derived smoke in the enhancement of seed germination and plant growth. The stimulatory effect of plant-derived smoke on normally growing and stressed plants may help to reduce economic and human resources, which validates its candidature as a biostimulant. Plant-derived smoke potentially facilitates the early harvest and increases crop productivity. Karrikins and cyanohydrin are the active compound in plant-derived smoke. In this review, data from the latest research explaining the effect of plant-derived smoke on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of plants are presented. The pathway for reception and interaction of compounds of plant-derived smoke at the cellular and molecular level of plant is described and discussed.
Topics: Furans; Germination; Humans; Nitriles; Plant Development; Plants; Pyrans; Seeds; Smoke; Nicotiana; Wildfires
PubMed: 33092218
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207760 -
Trends in Plant Science Oct 2019Plants interact throughout their lives with environmental microorganisms. These interactions determine plant development, nutrition, and fitness in a dynamic and... (Review)
Review
Plants interact throughout their lives with environmental microorganisms. These interactions determine plant development, nutrition, and fitness in a dynamic and stressful environment, forming the basis for the holobiont concept in which plants and plant-associated microbes are not considered as independent entities but as a single evolutionary unit. A primary open question concerns whether holobiont structure is shaped by its microbial members or solely by the plant. Current knowledge of plant-microbe interactions argues that the establishment of symbiosis directly and indirectly conditions the plant-associated microbiome. We propose to define the impact of the symbiont on the plant microbiome as the 'symbiosis cascade effect', in which the symbionts and their plant host jointly shape the plant microbiome.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Microbiota; Plant Development; Plants; Symbiosis
PubMed: 31288964
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.06.008 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the functional roles of plant glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBPs) during development and stress... (Review)
Review
In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the functional roles of plant glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBPs) during development and stress responses. Canonical GR-RBPs contain an RNA recognition motif (RRM) or a cold-shock domain (CSD) at the N-terminus and a glycine-rich domain at the C-terminus, which have been associated with several different RNA processes, such as alternative splicing, mRNA export and RNA editing. However, many aspects of GR-RBP function, the targeting of their RNAs, interacting proteins and the consequences of the RNA target process are not well understood. Here, we discuss recent findings in the field, newly defined roles for GR-RBPs and the actions of GR-RBPs on target RNA metabolism.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Germination; Phylogeny; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; RNA-Binding Proteins; Seeds; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34072567
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115849