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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024To investigate and systematically describe the mechanism of action of () against digestive system tumors and related toxicity reduction. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To investigate and systematically describe the mechanism of action of () against digestive system tumors and related toxicity reduction.
METHODS
This study briefly describes the history of medicinal food and the pharmacological effects of , focusing on the review of the anti-digestive tumor effects of the active ingredients of and the mechanism of its toxicity reduction.
RESULTS
The active ingredients of may exert anti-tumor effects by inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibiting angiogenesis, inhibiting the migration and invasion of tumor cells, and inhibiting autophagy. In addition, active ingredients inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and macrophages and increase the level of indicators of oxidative stress through the modulation of target genes in the pathway to achieve the effect of toxicity reduction.
CONCLUSION
The active ingredients in the medicine food homology plant not only treat digestive system tumors through different mechanisms but also reduce the toxic effects. is worthy of being explored more deeply.
Topics: Prunella; Humans; Plant Extracts; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Animals; Oxidative Stress; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38675663
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081843 -
Nutrients Feb 2021Tumors are one of the most life-threatening diseases, and a variety of cancer treatment options have been continuously introduced in order to overcome cancer and improve... (Review)
Review
Tumors are one of the most life-threatening diseases, and a variety of cancer treatment options have been continuously introduced in order to overcome cancer and improve conventional therapy. (), which is a perennial plant belonging to the genus of the Crassulaceae family, has been revealed to exhibit pharmacological properties against various tumors in numerous studies. The present review aimed to discuss the biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms of and its representative compounds-kaempferol and quercetin-against tumors. reportedly has antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, and antimetastatic activities against various types of malignant tumors through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, a blockade of downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGFR2 pathways, and the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, emerging studies have highlighted the antitumor efficacy of kaempferol and quercetin. Interestingly, it was found that alterations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are involved in the pivotal mechanisms of the antitumor effects of and its two compounds against cancer cell overgrowth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In summary, could be considered a preventive and therapeutic medicinal plant which exhibits antitumor actions by reversing altered patterns of MAPK cascades, and kaempferol and quercetin might be potential components that can contribute to the efficacy and underlying mechanism of .
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Crassulaceae; Humans; Kaempferols; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Neoplasms; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
PubMed: 33567572
DOI: 10.3390/nu13020555 -
General Physiology and Biophysics Jan 2021Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extracranial solid malignancy in childhood. More and more studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are essential regulators of various tumors....
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extracranial solid malignancy in childhood. More and more studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are essential regulators of various tumors. This study conducted to explore the role and mechanism of circular RNA CUT-like homeobox 1 (circCUX1) in NB. The levels of circCUX1, miR-338-3p and plant homeodomain finger protein 20 (PHF20) were detected by qRT-PCR or Western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by colony formation assay, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Cell migration and invasion were examined via transwell assay. Glycolysis was expressed by measuring the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). The interaction among circCUX1, miR-338-3p and PHF20 were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA Immunoprecipitation assay. Besides, xenograft experiment was performed to assess tumor growth in vivo. circCUX1 and PHF20 were up-regulated, while miR-338-3p was down-regulated in NB tissues and cells. Knockdown of circCUX1 suppressed the progression and glycolysis of NB cells. circCUX1 triggered NB progression and glycolysis by regulating miR-338-3p. Additionally, down-regulation of miR-338-3p promoted NB progression and glycolysis via targeting PHF20. Moreover, circCUX1 sponged miR-338-3p to regulate PHF20 expression. Furthermore, circCUX1 silencing hindered tumor growth in vivo. circCUX1 depletion suppressed tumor progression and glycolysis in NB by regulating miR-338-3p/PHF20 axis, suggesting a potential biomarker for NB treatment.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Child; DNA-Binding Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glycolysis; Humans; MicroRNAs; Neuroblastoma; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 33655888
DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2020041 -
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Jan 2023Epigenetic regulation of gene expression represents an important mechanism in the maintenance of stem cell function. Alterations in epigenetic regulation contribute to... (Review)
Review
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression represents an important mechanism in the maintenance of stem cell function. Alterations in epigenetic regulation contribute to the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. Plant homeodomain finger protein 6 (PHF6) is a member of the plant homeodomain (PHD)-like zinc finger family of proteins that is involved in transcriptional regulation through the modification of the chromatin state. Germline mutation of PHF6 is the causative genetic alteration of the X-linked mental retardation Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS). Somatic mutations in PHF6 are identified in human leukemia, such as adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL, ~ 38%), pediatric T-ALL (~ 16%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML, ~ 3%), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, ~ 2.5%), mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL, ~ 20%), and high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBCL, ~ 3%). More recent studies imply an oncogenic effect of PHF6 in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and solid tumors. These data demonstrate that PHF6 could act as a double-edged sword, either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, in a lineage-dependent manner. However, the underlying mechanisms of PHF6 in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of PHF6, emphasizing the role of PHF6 in hematological malignancies. Epigenetic regulation of PHF6 in B-ALL. PHF6 maintains a chromatin structure that is permissive to B-cell identity genes, but not T-cell-specific genes (left). Loss of PHF6 leads to aberrant expression of B-cell- and T-cell-specific genes resulting from lineage promiscuity and binding of T-cell transcription factors (right).
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Epigenesis, Genetic; Carrier Proteins; Hematologic Neoplasms; Chromatin; Hematopoiesis; Repressor Proteins
PubMed: 36008597
DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10447-4 -
Life Sciences Jan 2023Boswellic acid (BA)s are pentacyclic triterpenic acids present in gum resin of Boswellia species (such as B. serrata and B. carterii). They possess a variety of... (Review)
Review
Boswellic acid (BA)s are pentacyclic triterpenic acids present in gum resin of Boswellia species (such as B. serrata and B. carterii). They possess a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-excitotoxic effects. These properties may have potential therapeutic implication in neurological disorders. Notably, the BAs-induced neuroprotection is proposed to be associated with the ability to reduce neurotoxic aggregates, decrease oxidative stress, and improve cognitive dysfunction. Recently, BAs have been suggested as potential agents for the treatment of brain tumors due to their potential to attenuate cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, angiogenesis, and promote apoptosis during both in vitro and in vivo studies. The present review aims to address these studies and highlights the possible underlying mechanisms of the observed effects. Besides, novel formulations and improving pharmacokinetic properties may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of BAs.
Topics: Boswellia; Triterpenes; Resins, Plant; Plant Extracts; Antioxidants; Brain Diseases
PubMed: 36400202
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121196 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2022In summer 2019, widespread occurrence of crown gall disease caused by spp. was observed on commercially grown ornamental plants in southern Iran. Beside agrobacteria,...
In summer 2019, widespread occurrence of crown gall disease caused by spp. was observed on commercially grown ornamental plants in southern Iran. Beside agrobacteria, pale yellow-pigmented Gram-negative strains resembling the members of were also associated with crown gall tissues on weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) and sp. plants. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the crown gall-associated strains using plant inoculation assays, molecular-phylogenetic analyses, and comparative genomics approaches. Pathogenicity tests showed that the strains did not induce disease symptoms on their host of isolation. However, the strains induced hypersensitive reaction on tobacco, geranium, melon, squash, and tomato leaves via leaf infiltration. Multilocus sequence analysis suggested that the strains belong to clade IA of , phylogenetically close to Xanthomonas translucens, X. theicola, and X. hyacinthi. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the whole-genome sequences of the strains isolated in this study and reference strains are far below the accepted thresholds for the definition of prokaryotic species, signifying that these strains could be defined as two new species within clade IA of . Comparative genomics showed that the strains isolated from crown gall tissues are genetically distinct from , as almost all the type III secretion system genes and type III effectors are lacking in the former group. The data obtained in this study provide novel insight into the breadth of genetic diversity of crown gall-associated bacteria and pave the way for research on gall-associated -plant interactions. Tumorigenic agrobacteria-members of the bacterial family -cause crown gall and hairy root diseases on a broad range of plant species. These bacteria are responsible for economic losses in nurseries of important fruit trees and ornamental plants. The microclimate of crown gall and their accompanying microorganisms has rarely been studied for the microbial diversity and population dynamics of gall-associated bacteria. Here, we employed a series of biochemical tests, pathogenicity assays, and molecular-phylogenetic analyses, supplemented with comparative genomics, to elucidate the biological features, taxonomic position, and genomic repertories of five crown gall-associated strains isolated from weeping fig and sp. plants in Iran. The strains investigated in this study induced hypersensitive reactions (HR) on geranium, melon, squash, tobacco, and tomato leaves, while they were nonpathogenic on their host of isolation. Phylogenetic analyses and whole-genome-sequence-based average nucleotide identity (ANI)/digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) calculations suggested that the strains isolated from crown gall tissues belong to two taxonomically unique clades closely related to the clade IA species of the genus, i.e., , , and .
Topics: Amaranthus; Bacterial Proteins; Ficus; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; Plant Tumors; Xanthomonas
PubMed: 35107322
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00577-21 -
Molecular Pharmaceutics Feb 2023Chlorin e6 (Ce6) has been extensively researched and developed as an antitumor therapy. Ce6 is a highly effective photosensitizer and sonosensitizer with promising... (Review)
Review
Chlorin e6 (Ce6) has been extensively researched and developed as an antitumor therapy. Ce6 is a highly effective photosensitizer and sonosensitizer with promising future applications in photodynamic therapy, dynamic acoustic therapy, and combined acoustic and light therapy for tumors. Ce6 is also being studied for other applications in fluorescence navigation, antibacterials, and plant growth regulation. Here we review the role and research status of Ce6 in tumor therapy and the problems and challenges of its clinical application. Other biomedical effects of Ce6 are also briefly discussed. Despite the difficulties in clinical application, Ce6 has significant advantages in photodynamic therapy (PDT)/sonodynamic therapy (SDT) against cancer and offers several possibilities in clinical utility.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Chlorophyllides; Neoplasms; Porphyrins; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 36689197
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00824 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021As a multifactorial disease, treatment of cancer depends on understanding unique mechanisms involved in its progression. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for... (Review)
Review
As a multifactorial disease, treatment of cancer depends on understanding unique mechanisms involved in its progression. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor stemness and by enhancing colony formation, proliferation as well as metastasis, and these cells can also mediate resistance to therapy. Furthermore, the presence of CSCs leads to cancer recurrence and therefore their complete eradication can have immense therapeutic benefits. The present review focuses on targeting CSCs by natural products in cancer therapy. The growth and colony formation capacities of CSCs have been reported can be attenuated by the dietary agents. These compounds can induce apoptosis in CSCs and reduce tumor migration and invasion via EMT inhibition. A variety of molecular pathways including STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Gli1 and NF-κB undergo down-regulation by dietary agents in suppressing CSC features. Upon exposure to natural agents, a significant decrease occurs in levels of CSC markers including CD44, CD133, ALDH1, Oct4 and Nanog to impair cancer stemness. Furthermore, CSC suppression by dietary agents can enhance sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition to in vitro studies, as well as experiments on the different preclinical models have shown capacity of natural products in suppressing cancer stemness. Furthermore, use of nanostructures for improving therapeutic impact of dietary agents is recommended to rapidly translate preclinical findings for clinical use.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 34769099
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111669 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2020Extracts of the fruit of Prunus mume (Rosaceae) have been used for a long time in Eastern Asia, in many culinary and medicinal preparations. The plant originates from... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Extracts of the fruit of Prunus mume (Rosaceae) have been used for a long time in Eastern Asia, in many culinary and medicinal preparations. The plant originates from the south of mainland China (named méi) and was introduced later in Japan (ume), Korea (maesil) and Vietnam (mai or mo). Extracts of the fruits (Chinese plum or Japanese apricot, 'Nanko' mume cultivar of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) are used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, and various Korean medical preparations, for more than 2000 years. The medicinal use of the flesh of the fruits is cited in ancient Japanese monographies (such as Shokokukodenhiho published in 1817).
AIM OF THE STUDY
To analyze the anticancer activities of P. mume extracts and their potential use to prevent or treat cancers. The use of P. mume extracts to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy, notably drug-induced gastro-intestinal toxicities, is also reviewed.
METHODS
Extensive database retrieval, such as SciFinder and PubMed, was performed by using keywords such as "Prunus mume", "Chinese plum", "Japanese apricot", and "cancer". In addition, relevant textbooks, patents, reviews, and digital documents (in English) were consulted to collate all available scientific literature and to provide a complete science-based survey of the topic.
RESULTS
P. mume extracts display hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antibacterial effects, as well as anticancer properties. A survey of the antitumor activities of MK615 and other P. mume extracts is provided here, with information about the natural products found in the extracts (such as ursolic acid and oleanic acid) and the mechanisms of action of these extracts. MK615 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptotic death of different types of cancer cells from both solid and hematological tumors.
CONCLUSION
The pool of in vitro data and signs of anticancer activities in mice models and in Human, although very limited, support the use of this extract to treat cancer, notably gastro-intestinal tumors. However, more robust evidence of anticancer activity in Human are awaited. Beyond cancer treatment, the use of P. mume extracts to prevent or to treat mucositis and other gastro-intestinal damages induced by anticancer drugs is underlined. The woody plant Prunus mume, a member of the Rosaceae family, has a long plantation history in China, and has widely been planted in Asia due to its high ornamental value (colorful corollas, pleasant fragrance, weeping trait) and the culinary, nutritional and medicinal potential of the fruits from the specie Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc (Mei). Over the past 20 years the therapeutic potential of the extract of Japanese apricot "Ume" has been regularly reported. Anti-bacterial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties have been described. A complete analysis of the published scientific literature on Ume and cancer is presented here.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Fruit; Humans; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Prunus
PubMed: 31491438
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112215 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2020The tumor is becoming a critical threat to our lives in these years. Searching for antitumor substances from natural products is a great interest of scientists. (. ) is... (Review)
Review
The tumor is becoming a critical threat to our lives in these years. Searching for antitumor substances from natural products is a great interest of scientists. (. ) is a regional plant containing 158 flavonoids and 99 xanthones, and others ingredients with favorable bioactivity. This review comprehensively analyzes the antitumor compounds from against different tumors, and 78 flavonoids plus xanthones are considered as underlying antineoplastic. Importantly, the structure of preylation groups is the primary source of antitumor activity among 45 flavonoids plus xanthones, which could be a direction of structural modification for a better antitumor ability. Additionally, the fruits are also preferable sources of antitumor compounds compared to the roots and barks due to the abundant isoflavones and sustainability. However, many studies only focused on the cells viability inhibition of the compounds, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the intracellular targets remain ambiguous. In conclusion, . has a great potential for anti-tumor prevention or therapy, but more attention should be paid to deeper research and models.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Flavonoids; Fruit; Humans; Moraceae; Plant Extracts; Xanthones
PubMed: 30582344
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1541866