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Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Protein-protein interactions play a crucial role in diverse biological processes. As obligate intracellular parasites, plant viruses live and reproduce in living cells...
Protein-protein interactions play a crucial role in diverse biological processes. As obligate intracellular parasites, plant viruses live and reproduce in living cells and recruit host proteins through protein-protein interactions to complete their infection process. Elucidation of the protein-protein interaction network between viruses and hosts can advance knowledge in the viral infection process at the molecule level and facilitate the development of novel antiviral technologies. One of the most classic and widely used methods to discover or confirm novel protein interactions in plant cells is the pull-down assay. For plant virology research, this method begins with the expression of a tagged viral protein (such as GST- or His-tagged) as "bait" in model plant species such as Nicotiana benthamiana. The expressed "bait" protein is purified by affinity agarose resin (e.g., glutathione or cobalt chelate) followed by a series of washes. Finally, the "bait"-"prey" protein complexes are subjected to mass spectrometry or immunoblotting analysis. In this chapter, we describe a practical protocol of the tag-based pull-down assay and discuss solutions to some common problems associated with this assay.
Topics: Mass Spectrometry; Plant Viruses; Protein Interaction Maps; Nicotiana; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 34905195
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_11 -
Annual Review of Plant Biology May 2022Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has developed into an indispensable approach to gene function analysis in a wide array of species, many of which are not amenable to... (Review)
Review
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has developed into an indispensable approach to gene function analysis in a wide array of species, many of which are not amenable to stable genetic transformation. VIGS utilizes the posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) machinery of plants to restrain viral infections systemically and is used to downregulate the plant's endogenous genes. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of DNA- and RNA-virus-based VIGS, its inherent connection to PTGS, and what is known about the systemic spread of silencing. Recently, VIGS-based technologies have been expanded to enable not only gene silencing but also overexpression [virus-induced overexpression (VOX)], genome editing [virus-induced genome editing (VIGE)], and host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). These techniques expand the genetic toolbox for nonmodel organisms even more. Further, we illustrate the versatility of VIGS and the methods derived from it in elucidating molecular mechanisms, using tomato fruit ripening and programmed cell death as examples. Finally, we discuss challenges of and future perspectives on the use of VIGS to advance gene function analysis in nonmodel plants in the postgenomic era.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Silencing; Solanum lycopersicum; Plant Viruses; Plants; RNA Interference
PubMed: 35138878
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-020542 -
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Mar 2024Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security. Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by... (Review)
Review
Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security. Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years, including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases. Here, we review these milestones and advances, including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses, dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses, examination of multilayered interactions among viruses, their host plants, and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors, and in-depth interrogation of plant-encoded resistance and susceptibility determinants. Notably, various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants. We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
Topics: Plant Pathology; Plant Diseases; Plants; Plant Viruses; China
PubMed: 37924266
DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13580 -
The Plant Cell Apr 2022Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors,... (Review)
Review
Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors, which are primarily viral. Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in broadening our understanding of plant-virus-vector interactions, yet on the molecular level, viruses and vectors have typically been studied in isolation of each other until recently. From that work, it is clear that both hemipteran vectors and viruses use effectors to manipulate host physiology and successfully colonize a plant and that co-evolutionary dynamics have resulted in effective host immune responses, as well as diverse mechanisms of counterattack by both challengers. In this review, we focus on advances in effector-mediated plant-virus-vector interactions and the underlying mechanisms. We propose that molecular synergisms in vector-virus interactions occur in cases where both the virus and vector benefit from the interaction (mutualism). To support this view, we show that mutualisms are common in virus-vector interactions and that virus and vector effectors target conserved mechanisms of plant immunity, including plant transcription factors, and plant protein degradation pathways. Finally, we outline ways to identify true effector synergisms in the future and propose future research directions concerning the roles effectors play in plant-virus-vector interactions.
Topics: Animals; Aphids; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Insect Vectors; Plant Diseases; Plant Immunity; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 35277714
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac058 -
Viruses Mar 2020We recently completed the Special Issue on 'Plant Virus Epidemiology and Control'. As editors, we decided not to offer vouchers to scientists that submit to this issue....
We recently completed the Special Issue on 'Plant Virus Epidemiology and Control'. As editors, we decided not to offer vouchers to scientists that submit to this issue. This action had an effect on the number of papers received and accepted. We received a total of 19 papers and we accepted four [...].
Topics: Epidemiology; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 32178441
DOI: 10.3390/v12030309 -
Viruses Jul 2019I thank all the teams of authors, the scientists who reviewed submitted manuscripts and made suggestions that improved the reports, and the editorial staff workers who...
I thank all the teams of authors, the scientists who reviewed submitted manuscripts and made suggestions that improved the reports, and the editorial staff workers who put this special issue together [...].
Topics: Biodiversity; Ecology; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 31344791
DOI: 10.3390/v11080676 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Apr 2021Plant viruses have been engineered to express heterologous proteins and RNAs in plants for several decades. This viral system can now be applied to editing plant... (Review)
Review
Plant viruses have been engineered to express heterologous proteins and RNAs in plants for several decades. This viral system can now be applied to editing plant genomes. Virus vectors can deliver Cas proteins and guide RNAs, two key components of the CRISPR gene-editing system, into a plant cell without a complicated experimental procedure. In some cases, plant viruses move to meristematic cells and express gene-editing components in the cell, which results in the production of mutant seeds. Here, we focus on three main issues of the virus-induced genome editing (VIGE) technology in plants: (1) how to express the relatively large size of Cas proteins, (2) how to express guide RNA, and (3) how to increase the efficiency with which viruses are delivered into meristematic cells. We highlight recent advances in how plant virus vectors can be used efficiently in plant-genome editing.
Topics: CRISPR-Cas Systems; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Gene Editing; Genome, Plant; Plant Viruses; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
PubMed: 33450609
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101992 -
Virus Research Sep 2020Changes in global climate driven by anthropogenic activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have been progressively increasing and are... (Review)
Review
Changes in global climate driven by anthropogenic activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have been progressively increasing and are projected to intensify. Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature will have significant consequences for future food production, quality, distribution and security. The epidemiology of plant viruses will be altered in the future as a result of climate change. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, increased temperature, changes to water availability and more frequent extreme weather events will have direct and indirect effects on plant viruses through changes in hosts and vectors. Predicted climatic changes will affect the distribution and survival of plant viruses and their vectors, which are expected to increase in many geographic regions. Furthermore, climate change can affect the virulence and pathogenicity of plant viruses, consequently increasing the frequency and scale of disease outbreaks. Thus, greater understanding of plant virus epidemiology is needed to better anticipate challenges ahead and to develop effective and robust control strategies that will aid in securing global food production for the future.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Climate Change; Crops, Agricultural; Food Security; Humans; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Temperature
PubMed: 32561376
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198059 -
Viruses Jan 2021We are pleased to present in this Special Issue a series of reviews and research studies on the topic of "" [...].
We are pleased to present in this Special Issue a series of reviews and research studies on the topic of "" [...].
Topics: Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 33401517
DOI: 10.3390/v13010055 -
Viruses Jun 2023The Special Issue 'State-of-the-Art Plant Virus Research in Australasia' in provided a fascinating snapshot of plant and fungus virus research being undertaken in...
The Special Issue 'State-of-the-Art Plant Virus Research in Australasia' in provided a fascinating snapshot of plant and fungus virus research being undertaken in Australasia during the final year of the official COVID-19 pandemic [...].
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; COVID-19; Australasia; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 37376611
DOI: 10.3390/v15061311