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Journal of the European Academy of... Jan 2022Common and plantar warts are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV). Mode of transmission of wart HPVs within families is largely unknown.
BACKGROUND
Common and plantar warts are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV). Mode of transmission of wart HPVs within families is largely unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate similarity of HPV type(s) among wart cases, family members and household linen.
METHODS
In a cross-sectional study, swabs taken from 123 warts and foreheads of 62 index patients and 157 family members and from 58 kitchen towels and 59 bathroom mats were tested for DNA of 23 cutaneous wart-associated HPV types. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the chance of detecting the same HPV type as was found in the index patients on the family contacts and on the kitchen towels and bathroom mats.
RESULTS
HPV1, HPV2, HPV27 and HPV57 were the most prevalent types in the warts of the index patients. Altogether, 60 (42.3%) of the 142 family members without warts had HPV DNA on their foreheads. When HPV1 and HPV2 were found in the warts, these types were also frequently (>50%) found on the foreheads of index patients and their family members, as well as on the kitchen towels and the bathroom mats. HPV27 and HPV57 were less frequently found (<25%) on foreheads and linen. No associations were found for age, sex and site of HPV DNA presence.
CONCLUSION
Dissemination of skin wart-causing HPV types, from wart cases to household contacts and linen, such as kitchen towels and bathroom mats, is more likely for HPV1 and HPV2 than for HPV27 and HPV57. The role of towels and bathroom mats in HPV transmission deserves further investigation.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Bedding and Linens; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Viral; Family; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Warts
PubMed: 34547117
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17684 -
Cureus Jul 2022Acral amelanotic melanoma can be difficult to diagnose and is often clinically aggressive. The present report describes a case of an acral amelanotic melanoma presenting...
Acral amelanotic melanoma can be difficult to diagnose and is often clinically aggressive. The present report describes a case of an acral amelanotic melanoma presenting as a non-healing wound after mimicking a plantar wart for two years. The decision to biopsy a borderline-suspicious lesion on the lower extremity in an elderly individual must be weighed carefully, as lower extremity biopsy carries a risk of poor wound healing and other complications. We discuss clinical and epidemiologic features that can assist in deciding when to perform a biopsy in this setting and can improve the early detection of acral amelanotic melanoma.
PubMed: 35936139
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26615 -
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Dec 2021This study describes the effects of nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) technology on the common verruca with the objectives of demonstrating efficacy and safety. NPS...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
This study describes the effects of nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) technology on the common verruca with the objectives of demonstrating efficacy and safety. NPS technology applies nanosecond pulses of non-thermal electrical energy to induce highly localized regulated cell death in the cellular structures of the targeted zone with negligible effects on surrounding non-cellular structures. Previous clinical studies applying NPS to common, benign skin lesions have demonstrated safety and efficacy in clearing seborrheic keratoses and sebaceous hyperplasia.
STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty-two subjects were enrolled at a total of five sites. One hundred and ninety-five study verrucae up to 10 mm wide were treated with NPS delivered by a console-based handheld applicator (CellFX® System; Pulse Biosciences) and follow-ups occurred every 30 days with the option to retreat at 30, 60, and 90 days. There were 62 untreated controls and 46% of the treated verrucae were recalcitrant.
RESULTS
Overall, 75.3% (70/93) of the common verrucae, 72.7% (8/11) of the flat verrucae, and 43.8% (14/32) of the plantar verrucae treated with NPS were completely clear by 60 days following the last treatment and did not recur within the 120-day observation period. The majority (54%) of verrucae cleared with a single NPS procedure. The most common treatment site reactions were erythema (50.5%) and eschar formation (23.4%) on Day 30 and on Day 120 mild erythema was present in 14% of the cases and hyperpigmentation in 18.5%. No serious adverse events were reported. A particle counter was used during 11 NPS procedures on verrucae and no significant plume generation was detected during these procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
NPS is a safe and effective procedure for removing non-genital, cutaneous verrucae. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Topics: Humans; Skin; Skin Diseases; Warts
PubMed: 34008877
DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23423 -
Journal of Evidence-based Medicine Mar 2024Few studies have addressed the relationship of human papillomavirus (HPV) biotypes to patient characteristics and the clinical signs, course, and response to the...
BACKGROUND
Few studies have addressed the relationship of human papillomavirus (HPV) biotypes to patient characteristics and the clinical signs, course, and response to the treatment of plantar warts.
OBJECTIVE
Analyze the HPV types associated with plantar warts and their relationship with warts characteristics, patient characteristics and response to treatment.
METHODS
A total of 372 patients sampled for hyperkeratosis of a plantar wart were included. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the HPV biotype.
RESULTS
The prevalence of HPV was 81.2%, and HPV1 was the most prevalent biotype (36.1%). HPV1 was the most prevalent biotype in patients < 70 years old (90.9% in < 10 years), and biotypes 2, 19 and 27 were the most prevalent in patients > 70 years old (p = 0.012). HPV1 was the most frequent in patients with one (39,9%) or two (47.1%) warts and HPV5 (33.3%) in patients with three warts (p < 0.001). Cure, spontaneous resolution, and recurrence were higher in HPV1 (p < 0.001). HPV14 warts healed the fastest (2 months quartile 1-3 (2.0-2.0)), and HPV5 (10.977 (6.0-20.0)) and HPV27 (7.5 (3.0-10.0)) warts (p = 0.033) took the longest to heal.
CONCLUSIONS
HPV biotype is associated with age and the number of warts and appears to influence the natural history of warts and their response to treatment.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Papillomavirus Infections; Genotype; Warts; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomaviridae; Mupapillomavirus
PubMed: 38305569
DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12584 -
Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and... Apr 2020A higher incidence of plantar verrucae, commonly known as plantar warts, has been shown in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Several strains of... (Review)
Review
A higher incidence of plantar verrucae, commonly known as plantar warts, has been shown in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Several strains of human papillomavirus are associated with clinical manifestations of plantar verrucae. In this literature review, we examine the incidence and clinical manifestations of plantar verrucae in dual coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus and human papillomavirus. We discuss changes in the clinical scenario brought about by the introduction of human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral therapy. As a clinical condition with notable presence in podiatric medicine, we also confer these findings to increase clinical awareness with treatment modalities.
Topics: Coinfection; Foot Diseases; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Papillomaviridae; Warts
PubMed: 32146987
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2019.12.010 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2021Warts are a common dermatologic complaint with an increased incidence within the pediatric population. Warts are caused by multiple strains of the human papillomavirus...
BACKGROUND
Warts are a common dermatologic complaint with an increased incidence within the pediatric population. Warts are caused by multiple strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). There is little research on how a patient's HPV immunization status affects the response to treatment of warts in pediatric patients.
AIMS
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between HPV vaccination status and wart resolution.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective chart review that investigates the relationship between response to routine treatment of warts and a subject's HPV vaccination status.
RESULTS
There was no significant relationship found between HPV vaccination status and resolution of warts ( = 0.797). However, there was a significant positive correlation between having the HPV vaccine and number of visits for the treatment of warts ( = 0.180, = 0.024).
CONCLUSION
This study did not show a significant correlation between HPV vaccination status and wart resolution, although it demonstrated a significant positive relationship between those immunized with the HPV vaccine and an increased number of treatment visits. Possible explanations for this unexpected correlation include the variation in HPV vaccine formulation, vaccination status, and frequency of office visits, since vaccinated patients are more likely to be compliant with office visits.
PubMed: 35283520
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_30_21 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Mar 2022Plantar warts are sometimes resistant or they tend to recur after every possible destructive therapy. Immunotherapy has been used as a promising alternative therapeutic...
BACKGROUND
Plantar warts are sometimes resistant or they tend to recur after every possible destructive therapy. Immunotherapy has been used as a promising alternative therapeutic option in such recalcitrant case
AIM
To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of the intralesional injection of vitamin D3, zinc sulfate 2%, and Candida antigen in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study included 152 adult patients with single or multiple recalcitrant plantar warts. They were equally subdivided into four groups (38 patients in each): 2% zinc sulfate, vitamin D3, Candida antigen, and normal saline respectively. Injections were done at 3-week intervals until complete resolution or for a maximum of 4 sessions.
RESULTS
Complete response was achieved in 20 patients (52.7%) of the zinc sulfate group, 34 patients (89.5%) of the intralesional vitamin D3 group, 25 patients (65.7%) of the intralesional Candida antigen group and 8 patients (21.2%) of the saline group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant in favor of vitamin D3 ( = .037).
CONCLUSIONS
Recalcitrant plantar warts were best treated with vitamin D3 that also has the advantages of better response on distant warts, minimal side effects, and low rate of wart recurrence.
Topics: Adult; Antigens, Fungal; Cholecalciferol; Humans; Immunotherapy; Injections, Intralesional; Treatment Outcome; Warts
PubMed: 32609022
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1789540 -
Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy :... Jul 2022Common warts (verruca vulgaris) are the most commonly seen benign cutaneous tumors occurring in both males and females of various ages. However, warts on the hands and...
Common warts (verruca vulgaris) are the most commonly seen benign cutaneous tumors occurring in both males and females of various ages. However, warts on the hands and feet (plantar warts and palmar warts) often respond poorly to traditional treatments such as topical salicylic acid, cryotherapy, surgical excision, electrocautery, and bleomycin injection. Recently, the long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser (LPNYL) has attracted attention in the treatment of palmoplantar warts. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the LPNYL in the treatment of palmoplantar warts. We conducted a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study in 88 patients (49 males and 39 females) with palmoplantar warts. During the period from 2018 to 2020, the patients underwent up to three treatment sessions at intervals of 2-4 weeks between sessions. The LPNYL parameters comprised a spot size of 5 mm, 30 ms pulse width, 1 Hz repetition rate, and a fluence range of 140-180 J/cm. The patient mean age was 29.0 ± 14.5 years (range, 4-66 years). Good results were seen in 72.9% (64/88) of patients. The remaining 27.1% (24/88) felt their treatment was unsuccessful. As for adverse events, 5 (5.6%) patients reported hemorrhagic blistering after treatment. At the 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments, no recurrence was seen (Figures 2-4). Our study showed that the LPNYL treatment was safe and effective in the majority of palmoplantar warts. The duration of treatment was shorter than most traditional methods; however, the limitations of this method are that the treatment required several sessions, the procedure was painful, and adverse events occurred in just over 5% of the patients.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Warts; Lasers, Solid-State; Salicylic Acid; Cryotherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35833729
DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2022.2050761 -
Annals of Dermatology Nov 2023Pilomatricoma is a benign skin tumor that arises from hair follicle stem cells. It typically presents in the facial region and rarely involves the palms and soles. A...
Pilomatricoma is a benign skin tumor that arises from hair follicle stem cells. It typically presents in the facial region and rarely involves the palms and soles. A 15-year-old boy presented with a solitary tender nodule on the left sole. He had a history of plantar warts on the same site and had received multiple treatments including cryotherapy and intralesional bleomycin injection for nine months. Excisional biopsy was performed, and the specimen showed a well-demarcated mass in the deep dermis with basaloid cells undergoing abrupt keratinization. Ghost cells were seen with calcification. Based on these findings, he was diagnosed with pilomatricoma on the sole. We report a case of pilomatricoma, which developed on a site without hair follicles.
PubMed: 38061712
DOI: 10.5021/ad.21.165 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology May 2024Verrucas that occur on the soles of the feet are called plantar warts, most of which can recur repeatedly and are difficult to eradicate. Hypertrophic and refractory...
BACKGROUND
Verrucas that occur on the soles of the feet are called plantar warts, most of which can recur repeatedly and are difficult to eradicate. Hypertrophic and refractory plantar warts are often accompanied by pain and discomfort, which cause many inconveniences in patients' daily lives.
AIM
This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of superficial radiotherapy (SRT-100) on refractory plantar warts and further create favorable conditions for the subsequent treatment of this disease with a high recurrence rate.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted for refractory plantar warts treated with superficial radiotherapy in our outpatient department from January to June 2023.
RESULTS
A total of 30 patients were included in our study (median age, 33 years). The female-to-male ratio was 1:3.29. Two to six months after radiotherapy, all of the warts subsided in 23 (76.67%) patients, most of the warts subsided in 4 (13.33%) patients, 3 (10%) patients did not respond to treatment, and 7 (23.33%) patients had recurrent or new warts after their warts subsided.
CONCLUSIONS
Most patients with refractory plantar warts improved after superficial radiotherapy. Our study presented that men are more susceptible to plantar warts than women, and young and middle-aged people are the main population affected by the disease. Superficial radiotherapy is an effective treatment for refractory plantar warts, which can quickly remove the warts in a short period. It is safe and noninvasive, with minimal adverse reactions. Some patients relapse after the lesion is clear, and superficial radiotherapy can create favorable conditions for the subsequent treatment of viral warts in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Warts; Male; Female; Adult; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Adolescent; Recurrence; Foot Dermatoses; Sex Factors
PubMed: 38291817
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16157