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Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry Mar 2022Regenerative periodontal therapy using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone substitutes with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) have been proposed as a therapeutic method...
PURPOSE
Regenerative periodontal therapy using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone substitutes with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) have been proposed as a therapeutic method to enhance the outcome of regenerative surgery. This includes light microscopic evaluation of retrieved ePTFE membranes to assess formation of new connective tissue attachment, and following the regeneration process. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the histological findings of retrieved ePTFE membranes using PRP and bone substitutes, the effect of PRP on graft materials, and the correlation of the findings with the clinical outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy-two (72) patients with chronic periodontitis, each of whom had one deep intrabony defect, were randomly included in two studies and treated using the same type of membrane and different bone substitutes. In the first study, 17 cases were treated with a natural bone mineral and a non-resorbable membrane (NBM + GTR), and 17 cases were treated with PRP + NBM + GTR. In the second study, 19 patients were treated with β-tricalcium phosphate and a non-resorbable membrane (β-TCP + GTR), and 19 patients were treated with PRP + β-TCP + GTR. In both studies, tissue integration of the retrieved ePTFE membranes and attached remnants were evaluated histologically.
RESULTS
Histological scores showed that membranes combined with NBM are better integrated than membranes combined with β-TCP; the difference between the two decreased with the addition of PRP. The application of PRP had no significant effect on the quality of membrane integration combined with NBM, whilst significantly improving the integration quality when combined with β-TCP. No correlations were detected between the histological scores and the clinical attachment level (CAL) gain in any of the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The present results indicate that: a) application of β-TCP and PRP may enhance membrane integration and periodontal healing, and b) histological examination of retrieved membranes may provide valuable additional information with regard to the clinical findings.
Topics: Bone Substitutes; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35285602
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b2805491 -
Pediatric Surgery International Apr 2023Since its first clinical application in 1984, the endoscopic subureteral injection of bulking agents has become an alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and... (Review)
Review
Since its first clinical application in 1984, the endoscopic subureteral injection of bulking agents has become an alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and open surgical intervention in the treatment of VUR in children. The 15 min day care endoscopic procedure has gained worldwide popularity in the management of VUR in children. Over the years, multiple studies have demonstrated safety and long-term efficacy of this minimally invasive outpatient procedure. Nowadays almost 90% of the surgical treatment of VUR in Sweden is done by endoscopic procedure. In the current article, our aim was to review how the endoscopic treatment of VUR developed.
Topics: Child; Humans; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux; Hyaluronic Acid; Endoscopy; Injections; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Dextrans
PubMed: 37097492
DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05468-0 -
Pancreas Jan 2023Oxygen-carrying plasma, a new type of colloid substitute, is composed of hydroxyethyl starch and acellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. It can supplement colloidal... (Review)
Review
Oxygen-carrying plasma, a new type of colloid substitute, is composed of hydroxyethyl starch and acellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. It can supplement colloidal osmotic pressure and rapidly improve the body's oxygen supply. The resuscitation effect of the new oxygen-carrying plasma in animal shock models is better than that of hydroxyethyl starch or hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers alone. It can reduce the histopathological damage and mortality associated with severe acute pancreatitis, and it is expected to become an interesting treatment method for severe acute pancreatitis. This article reviews the characteristics of the new oxygen-carrying plasma, its role in fluid resuscitation, and its application prospects in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Animals; Pancreatitis; Acute Disease; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; Fluid Therapy; Oxygen; Hemoglobins
PubMed: 37378895
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002212 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Nov 2020Buffered crystalloid solutions are increasingly recommended as first-line intravenous resuscitation fluids. However, guidelines do not distinguish between the different... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND
Buffered crystalloid solutions are increasingly recommended as first-line intravenous resuscitation fluids. However, guidelines do not distinguish between the different types of buffered solutions. The aim of this scoping review was to assess the evidence on the use of lactate- vs acetate-buffered crystalloid solutions and their potential benefits and harms.
METHODS
We conducted this scoping review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. We searched PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, and the Cochrane Library for studies assessing the effect of lactate- vs acetate-buffered crystalloid solutions on any outcome in adult hospitalised patients. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.
RESULTS
We included a total of 29 studies, 25 of which were clinical trials and four were observational studies. Most studies were conducted in surgical settings and indications for use were poorly described. The most commonly administered solutions were Ringer's lactate vs Ringer's acetate or Plasma-Lyte™. Outcomes included acid/base and electrolyte status; haemodynamic variables; and markers of renal and liver function, metabolism, and coagulation. Only a few studies reported patient-centred outcomes. Overall, the data provided no firm evidence for benefit or harm of either solution, and the quantity and quality of evidence were low.
CONCLUSIONS
The quantity and quality of evidence on the use of different buffered crystalloid intravenous solutions were low, data were derived primarily from surgical settings, and patient-important outcomes were rarely reported; thus, the balance between benefits and harms between these solutions is largely unknown.
Topics: Buffers; Crystalloid Solutions; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Isotonic Solutions; Plasma Substitutes; Ringer's Lactate
PubMed: 32892982
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.017 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Oct 2022The layer-by-layer technique (LbL) using polysaccharides is receiving increasing interest as the preparation of nano- and micro- multilayer objects composed by natural... (Review)
Review
The layer-by-layer technique (LbL) using polysaccharides is receiving increasing interest as the preparation of nano- and micro- multilayer objects composed by natural materials is a promising alternative for actual systems. The use of bacterial polysaccharides and more particularly, dextrans and dextran derivatives, in LbL assemblies allows the simple formation of biodegradable and biocompatible multilayers with engineered functionalities. The choice of dextrans and derivatives along with the assembly conditions can indeed control internal structure and physical, chemical and biological properties. In this review, we describe the use of dextrans and dextran derivatives into multilayers presented in literature, from the method and principles to the key parameters that need to be considered in their formations. We present their valorisation into nanoobjects with specific and stimuli-responsive properties that are mainly exploited for biomedical applications as drug delivery devices.
Topics: Dextrans; Polyelectrolytes
PubMed: 35798417
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119700 -
Burns & Trauma 2023The aim of this study was to compare side-by-side two models of human bilayered tissue-engineered skin substitutes (hbTESSs) designed for the treatment of severely...
comparison of human plasma-based and self-assembled tissue-engineered skin substitutes: two different manufacturing processes for the treatment of deep and difficult to heal injuries.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare side-by-side two models of human bilayered tissue-engineered skin substitutes (hbTESSs) designed for the treatment of severely burned patients. These are the scaffold-free self-assembled skin substitute (SASS) and the human plasma-based skin substitute (HPSS).
METHODS
Fibroblasts and keratinocytes from three humans were extracted from skin biopsies (N = 3) and cells from the same donor were used to produce both hbTESS models. For SASS manufacture, keratinocytes were seeded over three self-assembled dermal sheets comprising fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix they produced (n = 12), while for HPSS production, keratinocytes were cultured over hydrogels composed of fibroblasts embedded in either plasma as unique biomaterial (Fibrin), plasma combined with hyaluronic acid (Fibrin-HA) or plasma combined with collagen (Fibrin-Col) (n/biomaterial = 9). The production time was 46-55 days for SASSs and 32-39 days for HPSSs. Substitutes were characterized by histology, mechanical testing, PrestoBlue™-assay, immunofluorescence (Ki67, Keratin (K) 10, K15, K19, Loricrin, type IV collagen) and Western blot (type I and IV collagens).
RESULTS
The SASSs were more resistant to tensile forces (value < 0.01) but less elastic (value < 0.001) compared to HPSSs. A higher number of proliferative Ki67 cells were found in SASSs although their metabolic activity was lower. After epidermal differentiation, no significant difference was observed in the expression of K10, K15, K19 and Loricrin. Overall, the production of type I and type IV collagens and the adhesive strength of the dermal-epidermal junction was higher in SASSs.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates, for the first time, that both hbTESS models present similar biological characteristics. However, mechanical properties differ and future experiments will aim to compare their wound healing potential.
PubMed: 37908563
DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad043 -
Growth Factors (Chur, Switzerland) 2020Platelets contain most of the potent mitogenic factors present in serum and follicular fluid and intraovarian injection of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) was...
Platelets contain most of the potent mitogenic factors present in serum and follicular fluid and intraovarian injection of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) was shown to improve ovarian function and development of preantral follicles. This study evaluated the effect of PRP on caprine oocyte maturation and subsequent fertilization and embryonic development. Cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured in a maturation medium supplemented with (1) fetal bovine serum (FBS, control), (2) PRP, extracted from healthy female goats, (3) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and (4) PVA plus PRP (PVA-PRP). The degree of cumulus expansion was scored, and denuded oocytes were used for assessment of nuclear maturation, mitochondrial activity, lipid content, redox status, yield and quality of embryo development, and cryosurvival of the resulting blastocysts. PRP supported the same beneficial effects of FBS on cumulus expansion, nuclear maturation, developmental competence of oocytes, and survival of vitrified-warmed blastocysts. Moreover, PRP protected oocytes from undesirable effects FBS exerted on the mitochondrial activity and intracytoplasmic lipid content of maturing oocyte. Although PVA could support the same beneficial effects of neither FBS nor PRP on oocyte maturation, its combined addition with PRP improved the yield and quality of oocyte maturation at rates closely similar to PRP. PRP efficiently substitutes beneficial effects of serum during oocyte maturation and helps maintain the mitochondrial activity of maturing oocytes.
Topics: Animals; Blastocyst; Female; Goats; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques; Oocytes; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33739231
DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2021.1900168 -
ACS Nano Mar 2020In recent nanobiotechnology developments, a wide variety of functional nanomaterials and engineered biomolecules have been created, and these have numerous applications...
In recent nanobiotechnology developments, a wide variety of functional nanomaterials and engineered biomolecules have been created, and these have numerous applications in cell biology. For these nanomaterials to fulfill their promises completely, they must be able to reach their biological targets at the subcellular level and with a high level of specificity. Traditionally, either nanocarrier- or membrane disruption-based method has been used to deliver nanomaterials inside cells; however, these methods are suboptimal due to their toxicity, inconsistent delivery, and low throughput, and they are also labor intensive and time-consuming, highlighting the need for development of a next-generation, intracellular delivery system. This study reports on the development of an intracellular nanomaterial delivery platform, based on unexpected cell-deformation phenomena spiral vortex and vortex breakdown exerted in the cross- and T-junctions at moderate Reynolds numbers. These vortex-induced cell deformation and sequential restoration processes open cell membranes transiently, allowing effective and robust intracellular delivery of nanomaterials in a single step without the aid of carriers or external apparatus. By using the platform described here (termed spiral hydroporator), we demonstrate the delivery of different nanomaterials, including gold nanoparticles (200 nm diameter), functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (150 nm diameter), dextran (hydrodynamic diameters between 2-55 nm), and mRNA, into different cell types. We demonstrate here that the system is highly efficient (up to 96.5%) with high throughput (up to 1 × 10 cells/min) and rapid delivery (∼1 min) while maintaining high levels of cell viability (up to 94%).
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Dextrans; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; K562 Cells; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Nanostructures
PubMed: 32069037
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07930 -
ELife Feb 2020Transport of fluids, molecules, nutrients or nanoparticles through coral tissues are poorly documented. Here, we followed the flow of various tracers from the external...
Transport of fluids, molecules, nutrients or nanoparticles through coral tissues are poorly documented. Here, we followed the flow of various tracers from the external seawater to within the cells of all tissues in living animals. After entering the general coelenteric cavity, we show that nanoparticles disperse throughout the tissues via the paracellular pathway. Then, the ubiquitous entry gate to within the cells' cytoplasm is macropinocytosis. Most cells form large vesicles of 350-600 nm in diameter at their apical side, continuously internalizing their surrounding medium. Macropinocytosis was confirmed using specific inhibitors of PI3K and actin polymerization. Nanoparticle internalization dynamics is size dependent and differs between tissues. Furthermore, we reveal that macropinocytosis is likely a major endocytic pathway in other anthozoan species. The fact that nearly all cells of an animal are continuously soaking in the environment challenges many aspects of the classical physiology viewpoints acquired from the study of bilaterians.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Anthozoa; Cytoplasm; Dextrans; Diffusion; Models, Biological; Nanoparticles; Pinocytosis
PubMed: 32039759
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.50022 -
Recent advances in dextran-based drug delivery systems: From fabrication strategies to applications.Carbohydrate Polymers Jul 2021As a natural polysaccharide, dextran and its derivatives have gained great attention in the development of delivery systems for pharmaceutical and medical applications.... (Review)
Review
As a natural polysaccharide, dextran and its derivatives have gained great attention in the development of delivery systems for pharmaceutical and medical applications. In recent years, numerous dextran-based delivery systems with tailor properties and geometries have been developed, including self-assembled micelles and nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, magnetic nanoparticles, microparticles, and hydrogels. The first part of this review discusses the physicochemical properties of dextran and its various derivatives via chemical modifications, as pertinent to the preparation of delivery systems. Then, the state-of-the-art fabrication strategies of dextran-based delivery systems and their colloidal properties, i.e. particle diameter, surface charge, morphology, as well as release profiles, are highlighted. Lastly, applications of dextran-based drug delivery systems in biomedicine are explicitly summarized with detailed elaborations on their biological efficacy and mechanism of action, including cancer treatment, magnetic resonance imaging, insulin oral delivery, spinal cord injury therapy, and bacterial skin infection treatment.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Dextrans; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hydrogels; Insulin; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Micelles; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Particle Size; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 33910733
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117999