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Medicine Jun 2023Plasmacytoma is a disease caused by the proliferation of monoclonal immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells and divided into multiple myeloma, solitary bone plasmacytoma,...
RATIONALE
Plasmacytoma is a disease caused by the proliferation of monoclonal immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells and divided into multiple myeloma, solitary bone plasmacytoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma. We report a case of orbital extramedullary plasmacytoma invading the dura mater in a patient with exophthalmos and diplopia.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 35-year-old female patient with exophthalmos in the right eye and diplopia visited the clinic.
DIAGNOSES
The thyroid function tests showed nonspecific results. Orbital computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a homogeneously enhancing orbital mass infiltrating the right maxillary sinus and adjacent brain tissue in the middle cranial fossa through the superior orbital fissure.
INTERVENTIONS
To diagnose and alleviate the symptoms, an excisional biopsy was performed, which revealed a plasmacytoma.
OUTCOMES
One month after the surgery, the protruding symptoms and eye movement restriction in the right eye improved, and the visual acuity in the right eye was restored.
LESSONS
In this case report, we present a case of an extramedullary plasmacytoma that originated in the inferior wall of the orbit and invaded the cranial cavity. To our knowledge, no previous reports have described a solitary plasmacytoma that originated in the orbit, causing exophthalmos and invading the cranial cavity at the same time.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Plasmacytoma; Orbit; Diplopia; Orbital Neoplasms; Exophthalmos
PubMed: 37327309
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033920 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Dec 2023Plasmacytomas are localized monoclonal plasma cell lesions with no evidence of systemic involvement which are divided into solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and...
Plasmacytomas are localized monoclonal plasma cell lesions with no evidence of systemic involvement which are divided into solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and extra-medullary plasmacytoma (EMP). The diagnosis of plasmacytomas (PCM) in the oral regions is challenging given the atypical clinical manifestations and low frequency. Here, we report an extremely rare case of plasmacytoma in an elderly male which initially appeared to be arising from the left buccal mucosa on clinical examination but after radiological imaging and intra-operative findings, the epicentre was found to be in the left infratemporal fossa (ITF). The patient underwent en-bloc compartment resection with high clearance of the ITF which proved to be an effective management strategy. It is crucial for the head and neck surgeon to be aware of the solitary bone plasmacytoma in the oral and maxillofacial region in order to identify it early and provide these patients with the best care possible before complications arise.
PubMed: 38027534
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03875-2 -
Clinical Nuclear Medicine Dec 2022Myeloma involving the laryngeal cartilage is rare, whereas extramedullary plasmacytoma involving only the thyroid cartilage is even rarer. No case of de novo...
Myeloma involving the laryngeal cartilage is rare, whereas extramedullary plasmacytoma involving only the thyroid cartilage is even rarer. No case of de novo extramedullary plasmacytoma involving thyroid cartilage has been published so far. Hence, it was a diagnostic challenge for clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. Here, we presented a case of a 61-year-old man who had fixed right laryngeal swelling. After 18 F-FDG PET/CT, biopsy, and myeloma workup, it was found to be plasmacytoma involving the right thyroid cartilage lamina. This case highlighted the rarity of this presentation and the importance of keeping in mind this differential to lead toward diagnosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Thyroid Cartilage; Multiple Myeloma; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Spinal Fractures
PubMed: 36083208
DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000004403 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jul 2020
Topics: Abdomen; Humans; Plasmacytoma; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 31042583
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.04.050 -
International Journal of Hematology Jun 2020We report a case of a relapsed hemophagocytic intramedullary plasmacytoma, previously non-phagocytic, in conjunction with development of a new clone with different...
We report a case of a relapsed hemophagocytic intramedullary plasmacytoma, previously non-phagocytic, in conjunction with development of a new clone with different cytogenetic abnormalities forming a solitary plasmacytoma.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Bortezomib; Carmustine; Cisplatin; Cyclophosphamide; Cytarabine; Dexamethasone; Doxorubicin; Etoposide; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Melphalan; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oligopeptides; Plasmacytoma; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Pubic Bone; Rare Diseases; Stem Cell Transplantation; Thalidomide; Transplantation, Autologous; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31900879
DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02817-5 -
Andrology May 2023This study is performed to analyze the role of long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 in prostate cancer.
AIM
This study is performed to analyze the role of long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 in prostate cancer.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1, miR-515-5p, and high mobility group B3 mRNA expressions were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. After gain-of-function and loss-of-function models were established, the changes in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, and Transwell experiments. Validation of the targeting relationships between plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 and miR-515-5p, and between miR-515-5p and high mobility group B3 was conducted using bioinformatics prediction, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and an RNA immunoprecipitation experiment. Moreover, the effects of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 and miR-515-5p on high mobility group B3 protein expression were examined using Western blot.
RESULTS
Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 expression and high mobility group B3 expression were up-regulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines while miR-515-5p expression was down-regulated. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 knockdown restrained the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LNCaP and DU145 cells in vitro, and the transfection with miR-515-5p inhibitors reversed these effects. Mechanistically, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 could repress the function of miR-515; high mobility group B3 was proved to be a target gene of miR-515-5p, and its expression could be indirectly positively modulated by plasmacytoma variant translocation 1.
CONCLUSION
Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 accelerates prostate cancer progression by repressing miR-515-5p's function to upregulate high mobility group B3 expression.
Topics: Male; Humans; MicroRNAs; Plasmacytoma; Cell Proliferation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 36053124
DOI: 10.1111/andr.13285 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... Jul 2021Plasma cell neoplasms are characterized by the proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells with production of a monoclonal immunoglobulin. They can manifest as a...
BACKGROUND
Plasma cell neoplasms are characterized by the proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells with production of a monoclonal immunoglobulin. They can manifest as a single lesion (plasmacytoma) or as multiple lesions (multiple myeloma).
METHODS
Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients microscopically diagnosed with plasma cell neoplasms in the jaws were retrieved from five pathology files. Data including clinical, radiographic, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings, treatment employed and follow-up status were retrieved from the pathology reports.
RESULTS
Fifty-two cases were retrieved (mean age: 59.4 years) without sex predilection. The mandible was the most affected site (67.3%), usually associated with pain and/or paresthesia (53.8%). Lesions in other bones besides the jaws were reported for 24 patients (46.2%). Radiographically, tumours usually presented as poorly defined osteolytic lesions with unilocular or multilocular images, while microscopy revealed diffuse proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells with nuclear displacement and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Two cases were classified as anaplastic, and amyloid deposits were found in two other cases. Immunohistochemistry was positive for plasma cell markers and negative for CD20 and CD3, and monoclonality for kappa light chain predominated. The overall survival rate after 5 years of follow-up was 26.6%.
CONCLUSION
Plasma cell neoplasms are aggressive tumours with a poor prognosis and involvement of the jaws may be the first complaint of the patient. Thus, oral pathologists, head and neck surgeons and dentists should be aware of their clinical, radiographic and microscopic manifestations.
Topics: Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Jaw; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 34089204
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13213 -
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy Sep 2022While extramedullary plasmacytomas are infrequently encountered plasma cell malignancies, most cases occur in the head and neck, with a predilection for the sinonasal...
BACKGROUND
While extramedullary plasmacytomas are infrequently encountered plasma cell malignancies, most cases occur in the head and neck, with a predilection for the sinonasal cavity. Due to the rarity of this disease, the majority of studies on sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma (SN-EMP) are case reports or small retrospective case series.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of patient, disease, and treatment factors on the survival of patients with SN-EMP.
METHODS
The National Cancer Database was queried for all patients with SN-EMP between 2004-2016 (N = 381 cases). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and survival.
RESULTS
The majority of SN-EMP patients were over 60 years old (57.0%), male (69.8%), and white (86.2%). The most common treatment modality was radiotherapy alone (38.6%), followed by surgery plus radiotherapy (37.8%). Five-year overall survival was 74.0% and median survival was 9.1 years. Accounting for patient demographics and tumor characteristics in a multivariate model, the following groups had worse prognosis: 60 and older (HR 1.99, p = 0.031) and frontal sinus primary site (HR 11.56, p = 0.001). Patients who received no treatment (HR 3.89, p = 0.013), chemotherapy alone (HR 5.57, p = 0.008) or radiotherapy plus chemotherapy (HR 2.82, p = 0.005) had significantly lower survival than patients who received radiotherapy alone. Patients who received surgery with radiotherapy (HR 0.57, p = 0.039) had significantly higher survival than patients who received radiotherapy alone.
CONCLUSION
In patients with SN-EMP five-year overall survival was found to be 74.0% with decreased survival associated with a frontal sinus primary site and being aged 60 or older. Patients receiving no treatment, chemotherapy alone, or radiotherapy with chemotherapy was associated with lower survival. Receiving surgery plus radiotherapy was associated with the highest five-year overall survival.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Plasma Cells; Plasmacytoma; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 35440217
DOI: 10.1177/19458924221092529 -
The Journal of Small Animal Practice Dec 2021To further characterise solitary osseous plasmacytoma in dogs, an extremely rare disease. To describe diagnosis, disease progression and treatment outcomes in dogs with...
OBJECTIVES
To further characterise solitary osseous plasmacytoma in dogs, an extremely rare disease. To describe diagnosis, disease progression and treatment outcomes in dogs with solitary osseous plasmacytoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective review of dogs with solitary osseous plasmacytomas that were diagnosed and treated at a single institution from 2005 to 2019. Kaplan-Meier single group survival analysis was used to estimate median survival time and progression-free interval.
RESULTS
Thirteen dogs met the inclusion criteria for the study, and of those, 11 were treated. The median age at diagnosis was 8 years (range 4 to 11). Most solitary osseous plasmacytomas occurred in the vertebrae (n=8). Other sites included the maxilla (n=2), the mandible (n=1), the tibia (n=1) and the carpus (n=1). The median survival time for all dogs with solitary osseous plasmacytoma was 912 days (range 5 to 2179), and the progression-free interval for treated dogs was 310 days (range 22 to 2179). Most dogs were treated with radiation therapy (n=10) with nine of 10 receiving a definitive, daily fractionated protocol and with five of ten having had neoadjuvant surgery. Seven dogs received chemotherapy, which was initiated after progressive disease in five dogs. The median survival time for dogs that completed radiation therapy (n=9) was 1166 days (range 545 to 2179). While five dogs developed lesions at other sites, no dogs progressed to multiple myeloma.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Canine solitary osseous plasmacytomas can be managed long term with appropriate local therapy. This observation reflects the biologic behaviour observed in humans.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34467522
DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13411 -
Future Oncology (London, England) Jul 2021
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Jaw Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 34047196
DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0316