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Pediatrics Jan 2021Child life programs are an important component of pediatric hospital-based care; they address the psychosocial concerns that accompany hospitalization and other health...
Child life programs are an important component of pediatric hospital-based care; they address the psychosocial concerns that accompany hospitalization and other health care experiences. Child life specialists focus on the optimal development and well-being of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults while promoting coping skills and minimizing the adverse effects of hospitalization, health care encounters, and/or other potentially stressful experiences. In collaboration with the entire health care team and family, child life specialists provide interventions that include therapeutic play, expressive modalities, and psychological preparation to facilitate coping and normalization at times and under circumstances that might otherwise prove overwhelming for the child. Play and developmentally appropriate communication are used to (1) promote optimal development, (2) educate children and families about health conditions, (3) prepare children and partner with families for medical events or procedures, (4) plan and rehearse useful coping and pain-management strategies with patients and families, (5) help children work through feelings about past or impending experiences, and (6) partner with families to establish therapeutic relationships between patients, siblings, and caregivers. Child life specialists collaborate with the entire interdisciplinary team to promote coping and enhance the overall health care experience for patients and families.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Benchmarking; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Hospitalization; Humans; Pain Management; Patient Care Team; Pediatrics; Play Therapy; Professional-Family Relations; Social Support
PubMed: 33372119
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-040261 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2021The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the... (Review)
Review
The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. The carcinogenesis of HCC is among others regulated via the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and represents a possible method of targeted treatment. The aim of our article was to address the most recent clinical advances and findings of basic studies on the mTOR signaling pathway and the involved factors. Risk factors play a key role in dysregulation of the signaling pathway, where both mTORCs are upregulated and protein synthesis is altered. eIFs and, to a lesser extent, eEFs play an essential role in this process. Whether the factor will be upregulated or downregulated, among others, depends on hepatitis B/C virus infection. The amount of a particular factor in a patient sample lets us know whether HCC recurrence will occur, what is the likelihood of chemoresistance, and what outcome is predicted for patients with an increased value. Our analysis shows that in addition to mTOR, eIF3, eIF4, and eIF5 play an important role, as they can serve as biomarkers for non- and virus-related HCC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease Progression; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34703211
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S255582 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Dec 2023Regulatory T cells are a subgroup of T cells with immunomodulatory functions. Different from most cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, they play a supporting role in... (Review)
Review
Regulatory T cells are a subgroup of T cells with immunomodulatory functions. Different from most cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, they play a supporting role in the immune system. What's more, regulatory T cells often play an immunosuppressive role, which mainly plays a role in maintaining the stability of the immune system and regulating the immune response in the body. However, recent studies have shown that not only playing a role in autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and other aspects, regulatory T cells can also play a role in the immune escape of tumors in the body, through various mechanisms to help tumor cells escape from the demic immune system, weakening the anti-cancer effect in the body. For a better understanding of the role that regulatory T cells can play in cancer, and to be able to use regulatory T cells for tumor immunotherapy more quickly. This review focuses on the research progress of various mechanisms of regulatory T cells in the tumor environment, the related research of tumor cells acting on regulatory T cells, and the existing various therapeutic methods acting on regulatory T cells.
Topics: Humans; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Immunomodulation; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37806087
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115142 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Alterations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase () gene play a key role in the development of various human tumors, and targeted therapy has transformed the treatment... (Review)
Review
Alterations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase () gene play a key role in the development of various human tumors, and targeted therapy has transformed the treatment paradigm for these oncogene-driven tumors. However, primary or acquired resistance remains a challenge. gene variants (such as gene rearrangements and mutations) also play a key role in the tumor immune microenvironment. Immunotherapy targeting the gene has potential clinical applications. Here, we review the results of recent studies on the immunological relevance of ALK-altered tumors, which provides important insights into the development of tumor immunotherapies targeting this large class of tumors.
Topics: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35958559
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908894 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023This study aimed to investigate and compare the therapeutic outcomes of psychological capital between narrative therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and play therapy...
AIM
This study aimed to investigate and compare the therapeutic outcomes of psychological capital between narrative therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and play therapy in the context of hikikomori.
METHODS
This study included 502 hikikomori. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the three forms of therapy and psychological capital, while one-way ANOVA and independent samples -tests were performed to determine the differences in the outcomes of psychological capital between the three forms of therapies.
RESULTS
Results indicated that all three forms of therapy were significantly positively related to psychological capital. Moreover, while cognitive-behavioral therapy performed better in psychological capital (overall score) than the other two, cognitive-behavioral therapy performed better in the subscales "self-efficacy" and "resilience," while narrative therapy performed better in the "hope" and "optimism" subscales. Also, combining features of play therapy helped enhance the outcomes of narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological capital.
CONCLUSION
Owing to the varied outcomes of psychological capital among different therapies, the differential use of therapies to deal with the unique needs resultant of hikikomori helps achieve optimal results.
PubMed: 37608996
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1114170 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2023Leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer worldwide. Children living with leukemia experience various problems because of the disease's progression, harmful... (Review)
Review
PROBLEM
Leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer worldwide. Children living with leukemia experience various problems because of the disease's progression, harmful effects of treatment, and prolonged hospitalization process. To increase their well-being and alleviate their problems, these children require ongoing support. One solution that both parents and professionals can use is play therapy. This systematic review aimed to identify the type and effectiveness of play therapy in children living with leukemia.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
We searched PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases. Additionally, we performed manual searches on Google Scholar, Google Web, and grey literature. Inclusion criteria comprised: 1) Studies that implemented play therapy on leukemia children, 2) Full-text articles available in English or Indonesian languages from January 2000 to December 2021 and updated until July 2023, and 3) Intervention studies employing quasi-experimental or randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs.
SAMPLE
From 1099 articles, 16 studies were selected. Several forms of play therapy were found, including pretend, music, art, and sand play therapy.
RESULTS
Of the sixteen studies in this systematic review, fifteen demonstrated beneficial effects on psychological issues, particularly anxiety, despair, stress, and physical problems (fatigue and pain).
CONCLUSION
Play therapy effectively alleviates some physical and psychosocial problems in children living with leukemia.
IMPLICATION
Nurses can utilize play therapy as an intervention for children living with leukemia. Additionally, comparative research is recommended with a similar research strategy concerning studies with the same design.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022318549.
Topics: Child; Humans; Play Therapy; Anxiety; Leukemia; Music; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37597401
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.08.003 -
International Journal of Sports... 2023The incidence of knee injuries in sport, particularly involving the ACL, appears to be increasing yearly, especially in younger age athletes. Even more concerning is the...
The incidence of knee injuries in sport, particularly involving the ACL, appears to be increasing yearly, especially in younger age athletes. Even more concerning is the frequency of ACL reinjury also appears to be increasing year after year. Improving the objective criteria and testing methods used to determine return to play (RTP) readiness following ACL surgery is one aspect of the rehabilitation process that can significantly help in reducing reinjury rates. Currently, the majority of clinicians are still using post operative time frames as their number one criterion for clearance to RTP. This flawed method demonstrates an inadequate reflection of the true unpredictable, dynamic environment athletes are returning to participate in. In our clinical experience, objective testing to allow for clearance to sport participation following an ACL injury should incorporate neurocognitive and reactive testing due to the nature of the injury typically occurs because of failed control of unanticipated reactive movements. The purpose of this manuscript is to share a neurocognitive testing sequence we currently employ consisting of 8 tests in 3 categories: Blazepod tests, reactive shuttle run tests, and reactive hop tests. The use of a more dynamic reactive testing battery may decrease the reinjury rates when an athlete is cleared for participation by measuring readiness in chaotic circumstances that are more truly reflective of the sporting environment the athlete is working to return to and in the process give them a greater sense of confidence.
PubMed: 36793556
DOI: 10.26603/001c.67988 -
Clinics in Sports Medicine Oct 2019Infectious mononucleosis is a common condition occurring in athletic training rooms. Most cases are due to Epstein-Barr virus infections (upward of 90%). Although... (Review)
Review
Infectious mononucleosis is a common condition occurring in athletic training rooms. Most cases are due to Epstein-Barr virus infections (upward of 90%). Although treatment generally consists of symptomatic care, there is clinical variation in laboratory workup leading to diagnosis and in the method of return to play decision making. The authors suggest a systematic approach to laboratory evaluation and return to play decisions to minimize clinical variation. The most feared complication of infectious mononucleosis is potential splenic rupture. There have been several examples of the successful use of serial ultrasonography to help make maximally informed return to play decisions.
Topics: Decision Making; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Return to Sport; Rupture, Spontaneous; Splenic Rupture; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31472766
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2019.06.002 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics Dec 2021Glioma is one of the most common and lethal brain tumors. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with... (Review)
Review
Glioma is one of the most common and lethal brain tumors. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with glioma. The existence of resistance to genotoxic therapy, as well as the nature of tumor heterogeneity greatly limits the efficacy of glioma therapy. DNA damage repair pathways play essential roles in many aspects of glioma biology such as cancer progression, therapy resistance, and tumor relapse. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) repairs the cytotoxic DNA lesion generated by temozolomide (TMZ), considered as the main mechanism of drug resistance. In addition, mismatch repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination DNA repair also play pivotal roles in treatment resistance as well. Furthermore, cellular mechanisms, such as cancer stem cells, evasion from apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming, also contribute to TMZ resistance in gliomas. Investigations over the past two decades have revealed comprehensive mechanisms of glioma therapy resistance, which has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and targeting molecules.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; DNA Damage; Glioma; Humans
PubMed: 34171339
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107922