-
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Play is an active process by which an individual is intrinsically motivated to explore the self, the environment, and/or interactions with another person. For infants...
Play is an active process by which an individual is intrinsically motivated to explore the self, the environment, and/or interactions with another person. For infants and toddlers, engaging in play is essential to support development across multiple domains. Infants and toddlers with or at risk of motor delays may demonstrate differences in play or challenges with engaging in play activities compared to typically developing peers. Pediatric physical therapists often use play as a modality to engage children in therapeutic assessment and interventions. Careful consideration of the design and use of physical therapy that embeds play is needed. Following a 3-day consensus conference and review of the literature, we propose physical therapy that embeds play should consider three components; the child, the environment, and the family. First, engage the child by respecting the child's behavioral state and following the child's lead during play, respect the child's autonomous play initiatives and engagements, use activities across developmental domains, and adapt to the individual child's needs. Second, structure the environment including the toy selection to support using independent movements as a means to engage in play. Allow the child to initiate and sustain play activities. Third, engage families in play by respecting individual family cultures related to play, while also providing information on the value of play as a tool for learning. Partner with families to design an individualized physical therapy routine that scaffolds or advances play using newly emerging motor skills.
PubMed: 37366692
DOI: 10.3390/bs13060440 -
Irish Journal of Medical Science Dec 2022Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health issue. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the predominant diabetes type in children and always requires insulin therapy. The... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health issue. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the predominant diabetes type in children and always requires insulin therapy. The incidence rate of newly diagnosed T1D in children continues to increase in Ireland Roche et al. (Eur J Pediatr 175(12):1913-1919, 2016) and worldwide Patterson et al. (Diabetologia 62(3):408-417, 2019). The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review of the effects of various non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities on the control of diabetes in children. A literature review was performed using PubMed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane library to evaluate play, art, music and exercise therapy in the treatment of DM using the keywords: "paediatric", "diabetes", "play therapy", "art therapy", "music therapy" and "exercise therapy". These search terms initially returned 270 cases, which resulted in a total of 11 papers being reviewed after eliminating duplicate or irrelevant papers. Literature review showed that all therapies have a positive impact on the child, but there is limited research looking at the impact of therapy on quantitative measures such as HbA1c or 'time in range'.
Topics: Child; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Music; Insulin; Exercise Therapy; Music Therapy
PubMed: 35037160
DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02889-5 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2022Cancer remains a health-related concern globally. The application of light to be used as therapeuticagent including cancer has been used for several thousand years.... (Review)
Review
Cancer remains a health-related concern globally. The application of light to be used as therapeuticagent including cancer has been used for several thousand years. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern, non-invasive therapeutic modality for the treatment of various cancers and infections by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mitochondria are subcellular, double-membrane organelles that have a role in cancer and anticancer therapy. Mitochondria play a key role in regulation of apoptosis and these organelles produce most of the cell's energy which enhance its targeting objective. The role of mitochondria in anticancer approach is achieved by targeting its metabolism (glycolysis and TCA cycle) and apoptotic and ROS homeostasis. The role of mitochondria-targeted cancer therapies in photodynamic therapy have proven to be more effective than other similar non-targeting techniques. Particularly in PDT, mitochondria-targeting sensitizers are important as they have a crucial role in overcoming the hypoxia factor, resulting in high efficacy. IR-730 and IR-Pyr are the indocyine derivatives photosensitizers that play a crucial role in targeting mitochondria because of their better photostability during laser irradiation. Clinical and pre-clinical trials are going on this approach to target different solid tumors using mitochondrial targeted photodynamic therapy.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Mitochondria; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35341979
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102830 -
International Immunopharmacology Aug 2023Gout is an autoimmune disease characterized by acute or chronic inflammation and damage to bone joints induced due to the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU)... (Review)
Review
Gout is an autoimmune disease characterized by acute or chronic inflammation and damage to bone joints induced due to the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. In recent years, with the continuous development of animal models and ongoing clinical investigations, more immune cells and inflammatory factors have been found to play roles in gouty inflammation. The inflammatory network involved in gout has been discovered, providing a new perspective from which to develop targeted therapy for gouty inflammation. Studies have shown that neutrophil macrophages and T lymphocytes play important roles in the pathogenesis and resolution of gout, and some inflammatory cytokines, such as those in the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, have been shown to play anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory roles in gouty inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying their roles are unclear. In this review, we explore the roles of inflammatory cytokines, inflammasomes and immune cells in the course of gout development and the research status of therapeutic drugs used for inflammation to provide insights into future targeted therapy for gouty inflammation and the direction of gout pathogenesis research.
Topics: Animals; Uric Acid; Gout; Macrophages; Cytokines; Inflammation; Inflammasomes; Arthritis, Gouty
PubMed: 37311355
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110466 -
Clinics in Sports Medicine Jan 2021The diagnosis of sport-related concussion is still based primarily on history and physical examination. Use of a standardized history and examination form is... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of sport-related concussion is still based primarily on history and physical examination. Use of a standardized history and examination form is recommended. There have been many tests investigated, but none have been proven to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of concussion. Sideline management is based on recognition, diagnosis, and initial treatment. It is clear that symptoms of a concussion can worsen with continued play, and so, if a concussion is suspected based on observation, history, and physical examination, then the athlete should be removed from play.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; First Aid; Humans; Medical History Taking; Physical Examination
PubMed: 33187613
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2020.08.011 -
Journal of Drug Targeting Dec 2020Macrophages (Mø) are immune cells with natural phagocytic ability and play an important role in tumorigenesis, development and metastasis. Mø play a dual role of... (Review)
Review
Macrophages (Mø) are immune cells with natural phagocytic ability and play an important role in tumorigenesis, development and metastasis. Mø play a dual role of tumour inhibition and tumour promotion in tumour development due to their two different phenotypes. Mø in the tumour microenvironment have long been referred to as tumour-associated Mø (TAMs). Mø are mainly involved in tumour resistance, cancer metastasis and mediating immunosuppression. Nowadays, Mø and Mø membranes have been widely used in drug delivery systems (DDSs) because of their good biocompatibility, natural phagocytosis and their important role in tumour development. In this review, from the perspective of Mø's role in tumour development, we present strategies and drugs of Mø targeting and focusing on the several types of biomimetic nanoparticles constructed by Mø and Mø membranes in tumour therapy, and discuss the problem of this delivery system in present research and future directions.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Macrophages; Neoplasms; Phagocytosis; Phenotype; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor-Associated Macrophages
PubMed: 32603199
DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2020.1775236 -
Occupational Therapy Theory and School-Based Filial Therapy: Intervention Rationale and Formulation.Canadian Journal of Occupational... Mar 2022Emotional-behavioural problems in children present a barrier to engagement and participation in school occupations. Applying practice theory is an essential process to...
Emotional-behavioural problems in children present a barrier to engagement and participation in school occupations. Applying practice theory is an essential process to explore the impact of clinical problems and to orient clinical thinking to the domain of occupation. Occupational therapy practice theory and frameworks are applied to the formulation of School-Based Filial Therapy, a viable treatment response to emotional-behavioural problems in children. Bowen family systems theory, the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework IV and the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement are applied to intervention formulation. School-Based Filial Therapy engages the dynamic interaction of the person, the occupations he/she engages in and the environment via therapeutic medium of play. It is consistent with the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework IV and the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement and provides new possibilities as an intervention for occupational therapists working in children's mental health.
Topics: Canada; Child; Female; Humans; Mental Health; Occupational Therapy; Occupations; Schools
PubMed: 34761692
DOI: 10.1177/00084174211056588 -
Journal of the American Psychoanalytic... Feb 2023Playing is a form of responsiveness that involves a shift from more formal interpretation about defense, unconscious fantasy, or transference to one that employs humor...
Playing is a form of responsiveness that involves a shift from more formal interpretation about defense, unconscious fantasy, or transference to one that employs humor or irony regarding the content of fantasy or poses a more direct confrontation between internal fantasy and external reality. Playing is differentiated from more formal interpretation by the analytic couple's intensity of affective expression, the idiomatic language used to express affect or ideas, or the analyst's more personally revealing reaction to the patient's recruitment of him as an internal object. Two clinical vignettes show how play emphasizes experiences of loss and waste that have been enacted in the patient's life and often in transference-countertransference engagement. Through newly discovered forms of play, these processes are occurring now in real time between patient and analyst and less through frozen memorialization of what never was.
Topics: Male; Humans; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Transference, Psychology; Unconscious, Psychology; Countertransference; Fantasy; Grief
PubMed: 37017388
DOI: 10.1177/00030651231155611 -
Cureus Aug 2023Traumatic life events, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, can be a challenging health emergency, among others. The pandemic can also affect young preschoolers. They... (Review)
Review
Traumatic life events, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, can be a challenging health emergency, among others. The pandemic can also affect young preschoolers. They can experience negative emotions and behavioral and social difficulties. It can be hard for children to understand on their own what is going on, as well as for their families. This narrative review summarizes the role of psychotherapeutic approaches in working with trauma and aims to manage trauma, such as COVID-19, in preschool children. It focuses on the possibilities of applying cognitive-behavioral play therapy (CBPT) in preschool children who suffer from trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The therapeutic approaches are tailored to specific development in preschoolers. Furthermore, the article provides insights into the relationship between negative emotions, thinking, and behavior, and COVID-19 as a threat, by describing a cognitive model in preschool-aged children. Finally, the article offers possible ways of applying play-based cognitive-behavioral therapy programs in preschool children who are victims of trauma.
PubMed: 37772203
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44249 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022NETs are chromatin-derived webs extruded from neutrophils as a result of either infection or sterile stimulation using chemicals, cytokines, or microbes. In addition to... (Review)
Review
NETs are chromatin-derived webs extruded from neutrophils as a result of either infection or sterile stimulation using chemicals, cytokines, or microbes. In addition to the classical role that NETs play in innate immunity against infection and injuries, NETs have been implicated extensively in cancer progression, metastatic dissemination, and therapy resistance. The purpose of this review is to describe recent investigations into NETs and the roles they play in tumor biology and to explore their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.
Topics: Chromatin; Extracellular Traps; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Neoplasms; Neutrophils
PubMed: 36059520
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937565