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Clinical and Experimental Medicine Nov 2023Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a medical condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs with consequent proportional loss of gas exchange... (Review)
Review
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a medical condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs with consequent proportional loss of gas exchange function. ARDS is linked with severe pulmonary or systemic infection. Several factors, including secretory cytokines, immune cells, and lung epithelial and endothelial cells, play a role in the development and progression of this disease. The present study is based on Pubmed database information (1987-2022) using the words "Acute respiratory distress syndrome", "Interleukin", "Cytokines" and "Immune cells". Cytokines and immune cells play an important role in this disease, with particular emphasis on the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. Neutrophils are one of several important mediators of Inflammation, lung tissue destruction, and malfunction during ARDS. Some immune cells, such as macrophages and eosinophils, play a dual role in releasing inflammatory mediators, recruitment inflammatory cells and the progression of ARDS, or releasing anti-inflammatory mediators, clearing the lung of inflammatory cells, and helping to improve the disease. Different interleukins play a role in the development or inhibition of ARDS by helping to activate various signaling pathways, helping to secrete other inflammatory or anti-inflammatory interleukins, and playing a role in the production and balance between immune cells involved in ARDS. As a result, immune cells and, inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukins play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease Therefore, understanding the relevant mechanisms will help in the proper diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Topics: Humans; Endothelial Cells; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Interleukins; Cytokines; Inflammation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 37330918
DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01118-w -
Orthopedic NursingChronic heart failure (CHF) is a growing disease in the United States. Exacerbations of CHF can lead to acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and hospitalizations....
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a growing disease in the United States. Exacerbations of CHF can lead to acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and hospitalizations. Nurses play a key role in the treatment of ADHF as they administer medications, monitor patients' response to therapy, and can prompt providers to alter therapy if therapeutic outcomes are not being achieved. Nurses also play a vital role in discharge education for patients who are hospitalized for ADHF, as they can counsel patients on ways to reduce further hospitalizations. It is important for nurses to understand and recognize symptoms of ADHF, pharmacologic treatments for ADHF, and common etiologies of ADHF to help improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; United States
PubMed: 35869917
DOI: 10.1097/NOR.0000000000000864 -
BMJ Open Jul 2021Play is a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive intervention that can help paediatric patients and their families manage difficult aspects of being ill or hospitalised.... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Play is a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive intervention that can help paediatric patients and their families manage difficult aspects of being ill or hospitalised. Although play has existed in hospitals for decades, research on hospital play interventions is scarce. This review aimed to categorise and synthesise the last 20 years of research on hospital play interventions.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ERIC and PsycINFO (1 January 2000- 9 September 2020).
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
We systematically searched for original peer-reviewed articles, written in English, on hospital play interventions in paediatric patients (0-18 years) in non-psychiatric settings. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full text of relevant articles and extracted data. We thematically synthesised the data from the included studies, and a descriptive analysis, based on a developed framework, is presented.
RESULTS
Of the 297 included articles, 78% came from high-income countries and 56% were published within the last 5 years. Play interventions were carried out across all ages by various healthcare professionals. Play interventions served different roles within four clinical contexts: A) procedures and diagnostic tests, B) patient education, C) treatment and recovery and D) adaptation. Across these contexts, play interventions were generally facilitated and purpose-oriented and had positive reported effects on pain, stress, and anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
Play in hospitals is an emerging interdisciplinary research area with a significant potential benefit for child and family health. Future research should further describe principles for play in hospitals. High-quality studies investigating short-term and long-term effects are needed to guide when and how to best integrate play in hospitals.
Topics: Anxiety; Child; Family Health; Health Personnel; Hospitals; Humans
PubMed: 34312210
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051957 -
The American Journal of Occupational... Jul 2024Play has been viewed as a critical occupation supporting health since the founding of occupational therapy, but the complexity of play presents challenges to scholars...
IMPORTANCE
Play has been viewed as a critical occupation supporting health since the founding of occupational therapy, but the complexity of play presents challenges to scholars who study adults. Researchers in occupational science and occupational therapy often address experiential qualities of occupations, including those considered to be play. However, the literature lacks clear descriptions of what constitutes adult play as well as the experiences of adults during preferred activities.
OBJECTIVE
To contribute to the body of knowledge on the wide range of preferred activities adults in the United States pursue and may perceive as play experiences. We refer to these activities as adult play because they contain experiential qualities of play described in key play literature.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey study.
SETTING
A 31-item survey, the Daily Occupational Experience Survey-revised (DOESr), was uploaded to Qualtrics for data collection using snowball sampling. The online survey link was distributed to participants aged 18-64 years.
PARTICIPANTS
The survey was completed by 491 participants. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract the most prevalent patterns of play experiences reported. Internal consistency and content validity were also examined.
RESULTS
The factor analysis yielded an optimal solution of five factors representing distinct patterns of adult play experiences: Creativity-Adventure, Restoration, Deep Engagement, Ludos, and Mastery.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The five factors identified by the DOESr represent distinct patterns of adult play experiences. The DOESr demonstrated acceptable internal consistency for three of the five factors as well as for the overall tool. Plain-Language Summary: Previous research on adult occupations has not addressed the array of experiences that adults seek or enjoy while engaging in play. This study identified five patterns of adult play experiences. Understanding these patterns may assist occupational therapy practitioners when tailoring clients' play experiences to promote optimal health and well-being.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Play and Playthings; Adolescent; Occupational Therapy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Factor Analysis, Statistical; United States; Creativity
PubMed: 38899950
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050436 -
Administration and Policy in Mental... May 2022Numerous efforts are underway to train clinicians in evidence-based practices. Unfortunately, the field has few practical measures of therapist adherence and skill with...
Numerous efforts are underway to train clinicians in evidence-based practices. Unfortunately, the field has few practical measures of therapist adherence and skill with which to judge the success of these training and implementation efforts. One possible assessment method is using behavioral rehearsal, or role-play, as an analogue for therapist in-session behavior. The current study describes aspects of reliability, validity and utility of a behavioral role-play assessment developed to evaluate therapist adherence and skill in implementing Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). TF-CBT role-play assessments were conducted with a sample of 43 therapists as part of a larger training study. The TF-CBT role-play assessments were independently coded for TF-CBT adherence and skill by a certified TF-CBT trainer and three clinical psychology doctoral students. Findings indicated good interrater reliability for the individual items (ICC: M = .71, SD = .15). Regarding utility, 67.19% (n = 43/64) of contacted therapists completed the role-play assessment, which took an average of 30 min (M = 31.42, SD = 5.65) to complete and 60 min (M = 62.84, SD = 11.31) to code. Therapists with a master's degree were more likely to complete the role-play assessment than those with other degrees but no other differences in demographic variables, practice characteristics, or TF-CBT knowledge or training were found between participants and nonparticipants. Role-play assessments may offer an alternative to observational coding for assessing therapist adherence and skill, particularly in contexts where session recordings are not feasible.
Topics: Allied Health Personnel; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 34546482
DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01169-9 -
Clinics in Sports Medicine Jul 2021Although the safety of contact sports has improved over the years, participation in any sport always carries a risk of injury. When cervical or lumbar spine injuries do... (Review)
Review
Although the safety of contact sports has improved over the years, participation in any sport always carries a risk of injury. When cervical or lumbar spine injuries do occur, prompt diagnosis is essential, and athletes must be held out of the sport if indicated to prevent further harm and allow for recovery. This article highlights some of the most common cervical spine pathologies (stinger/burners, strain, stenosis/cord neuropraxia, disc herniation, and fracture/instability) and lumbar spine pathologies (strain, disc degeneration, disc herniation, fracture, spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis, and scoliosis) encountered in sports and reviews the associated return to play guidelines and expectations for each condition.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Cervical Vertebrae; Clinical Decision-Making; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Return to Sport; Spinal Diseases
PubMed: 34051946
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2021.04.002 -
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2023
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Antibodies, Blocking; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 37936502
DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2281495 -
OTJR : Occupation, Participation and... Jan 2023This interpretative phenomenological study explored play experiences between mothers who had completed, or were receiving treatment for, breast cancer and their young...
This interpretative phenomenological study explored play experiences between mothers who had completed, or were receiving treatment for, breast cancer and their young children and disease-related factors influencing those experiences. Six Puerto Rican mothers who had young children at the time of their primary treatment were interviewed. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through constant comparative method. Two themes emerged: (a) "changes and challenges," which contextualized disease-related factors affecting the maternal role; and (b) "play and relationships with children" described play moments and how treatment affected these. Participants emphasized the benefits of playing and relating with their children while in treatment. Play as a co-occupation and an effective means to connect mothers with their children must be considered in the practice of occupational therapy. Future studies with more diverse samples of mothers at different stages of the disease are warranted to expand this exploratory work.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Mothers; Breast Neoplasms; Occupational Therapy
PubMed: 35506480
DOI: 10.1177/15394492221093996 -
Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals Dec 2019Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant tumors derived from mesenchymal tissue and is highly invasive, mainly in children and adolescents. Treatment of OS... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant tumors derived from mesenchymal tissue and is highly invasive, mainly in children and adolescents. Treatment of OS is mostly based on standard treatment options, including aggressive surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy, and targeted radiation therapy, but the 5-year survival rate is still low. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a highly conserved type of endogenous nonprotein-encoding RNA, about 19-25 nucleotides in length, whose transcription process is independent of other genes. Generally, miRNAs play a role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and development by binding to the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs, whereby they can degrade or induce translational silencing. Although miRNAs play a regulatory role in various metabolic processes, they are not translated into proteins. Several studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OS. Herein, the authors describe new advances in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of miRNAs in OS.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31674804
DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2939 -
Pediatric Annals Feb 2024Concussion is a form of traumatic brain injury that occurs commonly in pediatric patients. One group at higher risk for concussion is adolescent and teenage athletes....
Concussion is a form of traumatic brain injury that occurs commonly in pediatric patients. One group at higher risk for concussion is adolescent and teenage athletes. Athletes may sustain one or more concussions throughout their athletic careers, and these injuries may lead to significant morbidities for children. Although most concussion symptoms will resolve in less than 1 month, there is a subset of patients for whom symptoms may persist. Given the increased interest in preventing long-term sequelae related to concussion, legislation has been passed across the United States that aims to identify concussion promptly and remove participants from play after an injury has occurred. Care and treatment for concussion is evolving, with newer recommendations stating that complete or extreme rest may be unnecessary during the recovery period. Pediatricians and those who interact with young athletes should be aware of the guidelines surrounding return-to-play and return-to-learn in their geographic area of practice. .
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; United States; Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; Sports; Athletes; Learning
PubMed: 38302124
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240117-01