-
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023rucellosis is a common zoonotic disease that is widely spread worldwide and poses a major threat to human health. Clinically, it often presents with non-specific... (Review)
Review
rucellosis is a common zoonotic disease that is widely spread worldwide and poses a major threat to human health. Clinically, it often presents with non-specific symptoms such as fever, excessive sweating, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, loss of appetite, weight loss, and enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes. The disease has a long and recurrent course, often accumulating in multiple systems and organs. Of these, osteoarticular involvement is the most common complication, with a prevalence of approximately 2-77%, usually manifesting as spondylitis, sacroiliac arthritis and peripheral arthritis. Hepatosplenomegaly is seen in about 50% of patients with rucellosis, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting are common. Although respiratory involvement is less common, pneumonia, pleurisy, pleural effusion, and pulmonary nodules have been reported. Besides, approximately 2-20% of cases involve infections of the male genitourinary system, mainly manifesting as unilateral epididymal-orchitis and orchitis. The most serious complication facing rucellosis is cardiovascular involvement, and although the overall mortality rate of rucellosis is about 1% and the incidence of rucellosis endocarditis is less than 2%, more than 80% of deaths are associated with endocarditis. Furthermore, rucellosis is complicated by hematologic disease, with anemia occurring in approximately 20-53% of children during the acute phase. In addition, the neurological incidence of rucellosis is about 0.5-25%, mainly manifested as meningitis. In this study, we review the multisystem complications of brucellosis with the aim of improving early diagnosis, timely treatment and prevention of long-term complications.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Orchitis; Brucellosis; Pleural Effusion; Spondylarthritis; Endocarditis
PubMed: 37065189
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1136674 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine May 2023At present, polyserositis (PS) remains a challenging entity, which resides both in the fact that there is confusion regarding the terminology, and that it is still... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
At present, polyserositis (PS) remains a challenging entity, which resides both in the fact that there is confusion regarding the terminology, and that it is still understudied. We aimed to identify the etiologies of PS, reported in adult patients.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of the literature on PubMed(MEDLINE) database, using the following (MESH) terms: pleurisy/etiology, pleural effusion/etiology, pericarditis/etiology, pericardial effusion/etiology, pericardial effusion chronic, ascites/etiology, ascitic fluid/etiology, polyserositis, serositis, and serositides.
RESULTS
A total of 1979 articles were identified, dating from 1973 onwards. After screening the articles, we included 114 patients from 23 articles (one case series including 92 patients and 22 case reports) in the final report. The most common diagnosis was neoplasia (30; 26.3%), followed by autoimmune diseases (19, 16.7%) and infections (16, 12.3%). Still, in 35 cases, the etiology of PS remained unkown.
CONCLUSION
PS is a challenging and understudied entity, which is associated with a wide range of diagnoses. However, prospective studies should be developed in order to have a clear understanding regarding its etiologies and their prevalences.
PubMed: 37241003
DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050834 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2020Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are wide-ranging and debilitating in nature. Previous studies suggest that anywhere between 20 and 90% of... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are wide-ranging and debilitating in nature. Previous studies suggest that anywhere between 20 and 90% of patients with SLE will be troubled by some form of respiratory involvement throughout the course of their disease. This can include disorders of the lung parenchyma (such as interstitial lung disease and acute pneumonitis), pleura (resulting in pleurisy and pleural effusion), and pulmonary vasculature [including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary embolic disease, and pulmonary vasculitis], whilst shrinking lung syndrome is a rare complication of the disease. Furthermore, the risks of respiratory infection (which often mimic acute pulmonary manifestations of SLE) are increased by the immunosuppressive treatment that is routinely used in the management of lupus. Although these conditions commonly present with a combination of dyspnea, cough and chest pain, it is important to consider that some patients may be asymptomatic with the only suggestion of the respiratory disorder being found incidentally on thoracic imaging or pulmonary function tests. Treatment decisions are often based upon evidence from case reports or small cases series given the paucity of clinical trial data specifically focused on pulmonary manifestations of SLE. Many therapeutic options are often initiated based on studies in severe manifestations of SLE affecting other organ systems or from experience drawn from the use of these therapeutics in the pulmonary manifestations of other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this review, we describe the key features of the pulmonary manifestations of SLE and approaches to investigation and management in clinical practice.
PubMed: 33537331
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.610257 -
American Journal of Respiratory Cell... Feb 2022
Topics: Fibrosis; Humans; Pleural Diseases; Pleurisy
PubMed: 34758277
DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0411ED -
International Journal of Infectious... Jan 2021For decades, the term "anti-anaerobic" has been commonly used to refer to antibiotics exhibiting activity against anaerobic bacteria, also designated as anaerobes. This... (Review)
Review
For decades, the term "anti-anaerobic" has been commonly used to refer to antibiotics exhibiting activity against anaerobic bacteria, also designated as anaerobes. This term is used in various situations ranging from infections associated with well-identified pathogens like Clostridioides difficile, or Fusobacterium necrophorum in Lemierre's syndrome, that require specific antibiotic treatments to polymicrobial infections generally resulting from the decreased permeability of anatomical barriers (e.g., intestinal translocation and stercoral peritonitis) or infectious secondary localizations (e.g., brain abscess and infectious pleurisy). In these cases, the causal bacteria generally remain unidentified and the antimicrobial treatment is empirical. However, major progress in the knowledge of human bacterial microbiotas in the last 10 years has shown how diverse are the species involved in these communities. Here, we sought to reappraise the concept of anti-anaerobic spectrum in the light of recent advances in the microbiota field. We first highlight that the term anaerobic itself does not represent the tremendous diversity of the bacteria it spans, and then we stress that the antibiotic susceptibility profiles for most anaerobic bacteria remain unaddressed. Furthermore, we provide examples challenging the relevance of the "anti-anaerobic" spectrum from a clinical and ecological perspective.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Humans; Microbiota; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 33127500
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.052 -
Veterinary Pathology Jul 2020Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a respiratory disease of cattle that is listed as notifiable by the World Organization for Animal Health. It is endemic in... (Review)
Review
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a respiratory disease of cattle that is listed as notifiable by the World Organization for Animal Health. It is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and causes important productivity losses due to the high mortality and morbidity rates. CBPP is caused by subsp. () and is characterized by severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia and pleural effusion during the acute to subacute stages and by pulmonary sequestra in chronic cases. Additional lesions can be detected in the kidneys and in the carpal and tarsal joints of calves. infection occurs through the inhalation of infected aerosol droplets. After the colonization of bronchioles and alveoli, invades blood and lymphatic vessels and causes vasculitis. Moreover, can be occasionally demonstrated in blood and in a variety of other tissues. In the lung, antigen is commonly detected on bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells, in lung phagocytic cells, within the wall of blood and lymphatic vessels, inside necrotic areas, and within tertiary lymphoid follicles. antigen can also be present in the cytoplasm of macrophages within lymph node sinuses, in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles, in glomerular endothelial cells, and in renal tubules. A complete pathological examination is of great value for a rapid presumptive diagnosis, but laboratory investigations are mandatory for definitive diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to describe the main features of CBPP including the causative agent, history, geographic distribution, epidemiology, clinical course, diagnosis, and control. A special focus is placed on gross and microscopic lesions in order to familiarize veterinarians with the pathology and pathogenesis of CBPP.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Endothelial Cells; Kidney; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Macrophages; Mycoplasma; Pleuropneumonia; Pleuropneumonia, Contagious; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
PubMed: 32390522
DOI: 10.1177/0300985820921818 -
Future Microbiology Sep 2023Diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is challenging for pulmonologists and laboratory scientists. The gold standards for TPE diagnosis are pleural fluid... (Review)
Review
Diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is challenging for pulmonologists and laboratory scientists. The gold standards for TPE diagnosis are pleural fluid Ziehl-Neelsen staining, () culture and pleural biopsy. These tools have limitations, including low sensitivity, long turnaround time and invasiveness. The nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is a rapid and minimally invasive tool for diagnosing TPE. This review summarizes the diagnostic accuracy of available NAATs for TPE, with a focus on the evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The NAATs summarized in this review include in-house NAATs, GeneXpert-MTB/RIF, GeneXpert-MTB/RIF Ultra, simultaneous amplification and testing-tuberculosis, FluoroType MTB and loop-mediated isothermal amplification.
Topics: Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pleural Effusion; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
PubMed: 37702019
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0025 -
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical... Apr 2020Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder that has been recognized to involve virtually any organ in the body and typically... (Review)
Review
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder that has been recognized to involve virtually any organ in the body and typically manifests mass-like lesions (tumefactive). Although initial reports of this disease (autoimmune pancreatitis [AIP]) were described in the Japanese population, it has since been reported worldwide. It is most commonly seen in adults of middle age or older, more often men than women. The pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is largely unknown, but genetic factors, microorganisms, and autoimmunity are thought to play important roles. Serum IgG4 concentration is elevated in the majority of patients with IgG4-RD but is a nonspecific finding. Characteristic histopathologic features include dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, fibrosis (often in storiform pattern), and obliterative phlebitis. Lung involvement in IgG4-RD was first reported in 2004 in two patients with AIP and coexisting interstitial lung disease. Since then, a wide spectrum of intrathoracic involvement has been reported and includes not only parenchymal lung diseases but also pleural, airway, vascular, and mediastinal lesions. Thoracic involvement in IgG4-RD is often found incidentally during the workup of extrathoracic lesions but can sometimes be the presenting abnormality. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD requires correlation of clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histopathologic features. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy but other options including B cell depletion are being investigated. IgG4-RD is generally associated with an indolent clinical course and most patients improve with glucocorticoid therapy.
Topics: Age Factors; Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibrosis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; Liver; Liver Diseases; Lymphadenopathy; Pleurisy; Sex Factors
PubMed: 32279291
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700995