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Anti-inflammatory & Anti-allergy Agents... 2020Caryocar brasiliense, popularly known as pequi, is widely distributed in the Amazon rainforest and Brazilian savannah. The fruit obtained from pequi is used in cooking...
BACKGROUND
Caryocar brasiliense, popularly known as pequi, is widely distributed in the Amazon rainforest and Brazilian savannah. The fruit obtained from pequi is used in cooking and has folk use as an anti-inflammatory and for the treatment of respiratory disease. Until now, these two properties had not been scientifically demonstrated for Pequi oil in a carrageenan model.
OBJECTIVE
Our group determined the composition and safe use of Pequi oil from the Savannah of Campo Grande, and the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of this pequi oil were investigated in vivo models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Doses of 300, 700, and 1000 mg/kg of Pequi oil were administered orally (p.o.) to Swiss male mice, and three parameters of inflammation (mechanical hyperalgesia, cold, hyperalgesia, and oedema) were analyzed in a carrageenan model to induce an inflammatory paw state.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The effects of Pequi oil were also carrageenan in pleurisy model, formalin, and acetic acid induced nociception. Oral administration of 1,000 mg/kg orally Pequi oil (p.o.) inhibited (*P<0.05), the migration of total leukocytes, but not alter plasma extravasation, in the pleurisy model when compared to control groups. The paw edema was inhibited with doses of 700 (P <0.05) and 1,000 mg (P<0.001) of pequi oil after 1, 2, and 4 hours after carrageenan. Pequi oil (1,000 mg/kg) also blocked the mechanical hyperalgesy and reduced cold allodynia induced by carrageenan in paw (P <0.05). Pequi oil treatment (1,000 mg/kg) almost blocked (P < 0.001) all parameters of nociception observed in formalin and acid acetic test.
CONCLUSION
This is the first time that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Pequi oil have been shown.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Brazil; Fruit; Inflammation; Malpighiales; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Oils; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30961515
DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190408144320 -
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 2023Real-time thoracic ultrasound-guided pleural biopsy (TUSPB) is an important diagnostic method for pleural diseases. Traditional two-dimensional thoracic ultrasound, as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Real-time thoracic ultrasound-guided pleural biopsy (TUSPB) is an important diagnostic method for pleural diseases. Traditional two-dimensional thoracic ultrasound, as well as newly developed contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasound elastography (UE), are all used as guidance tools for pleural biopsies. Herein, we aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of real-time TUSPB for pleural diseases to better inform the decision-making process.
METHODS
A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed up to June 2023. A binary random-effects model was applied to determine the pooled diagnostic yield.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies comprising 1553 patients with pleural diseases were included and analyzed. The overall diagnostic yield of TUSPB for pleural diseases was 85.58% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 81.57-89.58%). The sensitivity was 77.56% for pleural malignancy and 80.13% for tuberculous pleurisy. The sub-analysis result revealed that CEUS-guided pleural biopsy provided a pooled diagnostic yield of 98.24%, which was higher than that of conventional TUSPB (78.97%; < 0.01). The overall proportion of adverse events for TUSPB was 6.68% (95% CI: 5.31-8.04%).
CONCLUSION
Conventional TUSPB has good pooled diagnostic yields and high safety. CEUS and UE are promising guidance tools for pleural biopsy with the potential to increase diagnostic yield.
Topics: Humans; Pleura; Ultrasonography; Image-Guided Biopsy; Tuberculosis, Pleural; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 37787485
DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2266377 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Mar 2023The infusion of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) (popular name "cipó-cinco-folhas") leaves is used in popular medicine to treat back pain. The anti-inflammatory,...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The infusion of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) (popular name "cipó-cinco-folhas") leaves is used in popular medicine to treat back pain. The anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic and anti-nociceptive properties of the ethanolic extract from S. erecta leaves (EESE) has not been yet completely clarified.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The present study investigated the anti-hyperalgesic, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of EESE in experimental models in mice.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
EESE was fractionated by chromatographic techniques and the compound was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectrum, ultraviolet (UV) methods. Mice received a single dose of EESE by oral route (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) and were submitted to nociception induced by formalin, pleurisy induced by carrageenan and peritonitis induced by zymosan models. Mice also received EESE (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 22 days in Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA) model and another group received EESE for 7 days (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) in pleurisy induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The cytotoxicity (MTT), phagocytic and chemotactic inhibitory activities of EESE were performed in in vitro assays.
RESULTS
The fractionation of EESE led to the identification of kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside. The oral administration of all doses of EESE decreased the nociceptive response induced by formalin. EESE significantly inhibited leukocyte migration in carrageenan-induced pleurisy and zymosan peritonitis models. The daily administration of EESE during for 7 days inhibited the leukocyte migration and the mycobacteria growth of pleural material obtained from animals which received BCG. EESE significantly reduced edema, cold allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia responses induced by CFA. EESE did not induce cytotoxicity, and also decreased the leukocyte phagocytic activity, as well as, neutrophil chemotaxis.
CONCLUSIONS
EESE showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in acute and persistent experimental models in mice. EESE also reduced in vitro leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytic activity without inducing cytotoxicity. The continuous oral treatment with EESE was effective against hyperalgesia and inflammation and these results could explain the popular use of S. erecta as an analgesic natural agent.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; BCG Vaccine; Carrageenan; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Ethanol; Formaldehyde; Hyperalgesia; Peritonitis; Plant Extracts; Pleurisy; Sapindaceae; Zymosan
PubMed: 36493996
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116019 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Many natural flavonoids can activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is pivotal for alleviating various diseases related to inflammation and...
Many natural flavonoids can activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is pivotal for alleviating various diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress, including pleurisy. Amentoflavone (AMF), a biflavonoid extracted from many plants, has some beneficial bioactivities, especially anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. We aimed to investigate whether AMF protects against pleurisy and lung injury induced by carrageenan (Car) by activating Nrf2. Pleurisy was induced in wild-type (WT) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2) mice. Then, pleural exudate and lung tissue were collected for biochemical analysis, H&E staining, immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Our results indicated that AMF protected against Car-induced pleurisy and lung injury. The Wright-Giemsa and H&E staining results showed that AMF alleviated inflammatory effusion and pathological injury. In addition, AMF decreased SOD and GSH depletion and MDA and MPO generation in the lung tissue of mice. AMF activated Nrf2 through keap-1 dissociation and subsequently increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) levels. Furthermore, AMF suppressed IL-1β and TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 levels in pleural exudate by blocking the proinflammatory NF-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways induced by Car. However, these antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects were weakened in Nrf2 mice. Moreover, AMF failed to suppress the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways in Nrf2 mice. Our results demonstrated that AMF exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in Car-induced lung injury and pleurisy in a Nrf2-dependent manner.
PubMed: 35237153
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.763608 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Jan 2021Respiratory disease is one of the major causes of losses to the pig industry worldwide. The pig subsector is the largest component of the livestock sector in the...
Respiratory disease is one of the major causes of losses to the pig industry worldwide. The pig subsector is the largest component of the livestock sector in the Philippines. Using lung scoring, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of thoracic lesions in slaughter-age pigs in two provinces in the Philippines (Batangas and Albay) and define classes for respiratory health of pigs characterised by different patterns of thoracic lesions. A total of 260 pigs from Batangas and 300 pigs from Albay from either commercial or backyard farm types were included in this cross-sectional study. Lungs were scored for cranio-ventral pneumonia (0-55) and pleurisy (0-3). Presence or absence of pericarditis as well as focal dorso-caudal pneumonia were recorded. Latent class analyses considering four indicator variables, and province and farm type as covariates were used to explore different patterns of thoracic lesions across the study populations. Using a threshold of ≥7, the prevalence of a high lung score was 51.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.3-61.4%) and 13.7% (95% CI: 8.1-22.2%) in Batangas and Albay, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of a pleurisy score of ≥1 was 56.9% (95% CI: 37.5-74.4%) and 5.0% (95% CI: 2.9-8.4%), pericarditis 24.6% (95%CI: 10.1-48.6%) and 1.7% (95%CI: 0.3-6.7%) and focal dorso-caudal pneumonia lesions 7.7% (95% CI: 3.7-15.5%) and 0% (97.5% one-sided CI: 0-1.2%), respectively. Latent class analyses identified four classes based on lung score, pleurisy score and the presence/absence of pericarditis: "healthy", "mild respiratory disease", "moderate pneumonia", and "multi-lesion". The relative frequency of these classes differed with province and farm type. Most pigs from Albay were "healthy", whereas in Batangas most pigs from commercial farms were "multi-lesion" and those from backyard farms were in the "mild respiratory disease" class. This study has provided baseline data on thoracic lesions in slaughter-age pigs for the provinces of Batangas and Albay in the Philippines. Targeting farms and areas where "multi-lesion pigs" are most common and further research to identify risk factors for particular classes should maximize impact of future control measures. The latent class analysis approach used could be applied more widely and could add value to analysis of multi-morbidity data collected routinely as part of ongoing monitoring schemes.
Topics: Animals; Latent Class Analysis; Lung; Multimorbidity; Pericarditis; Philippines; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Prevalence; Sus scrofa; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 33243483
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105209 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Sep 2023Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has become a powerful tool for pathogen detection, but the value of human sequencing reads generated from it is...
BACKGROUND
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has become a powerful tool for pathogen detection, but the value of human sequencing reads generated from it is underestimated.
METHODS
A total of 138 patients with pleural effusion (PE) were diagnosed with tuberculous pleurisy (TBP, N = 82), malignant pleural effusion (MPE, N = 35), or non-TB infection (N = 21), whose PE samples all underwent mNGS analysis. Clinical TB tests including culture, Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) test, Xpert, and T-SPOT, were performed. To utilize mNGS for MPE identification, 25 non-MPE samples (20 TBP and 5 non-TB infection) were randomly selected to set human chromosome copy number baseline and generalized linear modeling was performed using copy number variant (CNV) features of the rest 113 samples (35 MPE and 78 non-MPE).
RESULTS
The performance of TB detection was compared among five methods. T-SPOT demonstrated the highest sensitivity (61% vs. culture 32%, AFB 12%, Xpert 35%, and mNGS 49%) but with the highest false-positive rate (10%) as well. In contrast, mNGS was able to detect TB-genome in nearly half (40/82) of the PE samples from TBP subgroup, with 100% specificity. To evaluate the performance of using CNV features of the human genome for MPE prediction, we performed the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) in the subcohort excluding the 25 non-MPE samples for setting copy number standards, which demonstrated 54.1% sensitivity, 80.8% specificity, 71.7% accuracy, and an AUC of 0.851.
CONCLUSION
In summary, we exploited the value of human and non-human sequencing reads generated from mNGS, which showed promising ability in simultaneously detecting TBP and MPE.
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis, Pleural; Pleural Effusion, Malignant; Pleural Effusion; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Metagenomics; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37777783
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04492-x -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022Although there are several diagnostic modalities for tuberculous pleurisy, there is still a lack of easy, cost-effective, and rapid methods for confirming the diagnosis....
Although there are several diagnostic modalities for tuberculous pleurisy, there is still a lack of easy, cost-effective, and rapid methods for confirming the diagnosis. In order to facilitate clinicians to diagnose patients with tuberculous pleurisy at an early stage, help patients to obtain treatment early, and reduce lung damage, it is hoped that new techniques will be available in the future to help diagnose tuberculous pleurisy rapidly in the clinic. To this end, this paper investigates the problem of bidirectional consistency based on event-triggered iterative learning. Firstly, a dynamic linearized data model of TB pleurisy intelligent system is established using compact-form dynamic linearization method, and a parameter estimation algorithm of TB pleurisy data model is proposed; then, based on this data model, an output observer and a dead zone controller are designed, and an event-triggered distributed model-free iterative learning bidirectional consistency control strategy is constructed by combining with signal graph theory. In this paper, 112 patients with pleural effusion were collected, including 76 patients with confirmed or clinically diagnosed tuberculous pleural effusion and 36 patients with nontuberculous pleural effusion. Pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB, blood T-SPOT.TB, pleural effusion Xpert MTB/RIF, and pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (ADA) tests were performed before treatment in the included patients. The sensitivity of pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB was higher than that of peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB (76.32%, 58/76), pleural effusion Xpert MTB/RIF (65.79%, 50/76), and pleural effusion ADA (28.95%, 22/76); the differences were statistically significant ( = 14.74, 25.22, and 76.45, < 0.01). The specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for pleural effusion (100%, 36/36) was higher than that for pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB (77.78%, 28/36), peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB, and pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB. The sensitivity of the combined Xpert MTB/RIF test (64.47%, 49/76) was lower than that of the pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB alone (97.37%, 74/76).
Topics: Algorithms; Humans; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tuberculosis, Pleural
PubMed: 35186239
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7845767 -
Anti-inflammatory & Anti-allergy Agents... 2022Chronic lung diseases are characterized by airway inflammation and remodelling of the lung parenchyma that triggers considerable impairment of respiratory function.
BACKGROUND
Chronic lung diseases are characterized by airway inflammation and remodelling of the lung parenchyma that triggers considerable impairment of respiratory function.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, two compounds belonging to the N-acylhydrazone class were evaluated, aiming to identify new therapeutic agents for pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The acute toxicity of 2-cyano-N'-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)- acetohydrazide (JR-12) and N'-benzylidene-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylohydrazide (JR09-Bz) was evaluated. Afterwards, they were tested in models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma and pleurisy, bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, in addition to mucolytic activity.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The compounds did not show toxicity at the dose of 2,000 mg/kg, and no animal died. On OVA-induced pleurisy, animals treated with JR-12 or JR09-Bz at a dose of 10 mg/kg (orally) showed significant inhibition of the leukocyte infiltrate in the bronchoalveolar lavage by 62.5% and 61.5%, respectively, compared to the control group. The compounds JR-12 and JR09-Bz were also active in blocking the allergic asthmatic response triggered by OVA, reducing the leukocyte infiltrate by 73.1% and 69.8%, respectively. Histopathological changes and mast cell migration in treated animals with JR-12 or JR09-Bz were similar to treatment with the reference drugs dexamethasone and montelukast. JR-12 and JR09-Bz also reversed airway remodeling in animals on the bleomycin-induced fibrosis model compared to the control group. Furthermore, it was observed that N-arylhydrazone derivatives showed expectorant and mucolytic activities, increasing mucus secretion by 45.6% and 63.8% for JR-12 and JR09-Bz, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Together, the results show that JR-12 and JR09-Bz showed promising activity against airway inflammation, as well as low toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Ovalbumin; Expectorants; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Asthma; Pneumonia; Lung; Allergens; Inflammation; Dexamethasone; Pleurisy; Bleomycin; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Cytokines
PubMed: 35909266
DOI: 10.2174/1871523021666220729141608 -
Pharmaceutics Nov 2022Nonclinical trials are important to validate the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants. Scientific toxicological studies with Yuncker have showed its safety; however,...
Nonclinical trials are important to validate the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants. Scientific toxicological studies with Yuncker have showed its safety; however, no studies have indicated the analgesic or antiarthritic potential of the ethanolic extract of leaves (EEPV). The objective of the present work was to evaluate the antiarthritic and antinociceptive effects of EEPV in experimental mouse models. The oral administration of EEPV (100, 300, and 700 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) were performed in carrageenan-induced pleurisy, in formalin and acetic-acid-induced nociception, and in zymosan-induced articular inflammation models in Swiss mice. The EEPV (300 mg/kg) was tested in zymosan-articular inflammation, the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) inflammatory model, and in in situ intravitreal microscopy analysis of rolling and adhesion events of leukocytes in the mesenteric microcirculation in mice. EEPV significantly inhibited: (i) nociceptive response at phase 1 and 2, and also in the cold response in the formalin model; (ii) abdominal contortion induced by acetic acid; (iii) mechanical hyperalgesia after 4 and 6 h, knee edema after 6 h, and leukocyte migration in articular inflammation induced by zymosan. All doses of EEPV reduced the leukocyte migration to the inflamed pleural cavity and knee edema 4 h after the zymosan knee injection. The treatment with the EEPV significantly inhibited the CFA-induced edema, mechanical and cold hyperalgesia, and NAG and MPO. The EEPV also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion. The present study revealed, for the first time, the antiarthritic and antinociceptive effects of the EEPV.
PubMed: 36432646
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112455 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Oct 2022The occurrence of bushfires (wildfires) is increasing with climate change in many areas of the world. In Australia, the 2019/20 bushfire season involved a particularly...
The occurrence of bushfires (wildfires) is increasing with climate change in many areas of the world. In Australia, the 2019/20 bushfire season involved a particularly severe and widespread fire emergency (the 'Black Summer' bushfires). Understanding of how exposure to bushfires affects specific disease processes in livestock is limited. This research investigated spatiotemporal relationships between exposure to bushfires and observations of pneumonia and pleurisy in slaughtered sheep, and meat quality in slaughtered cattle. Two related cross-sectional studies were undertaken using historical abattoir monitoring data from the National Sheep Health Monitoring Project and the Meat Standards Australia Program. The study area involved the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria, and the Australian Capital Territory, which were heavily affected by the 'Black Summer' bushfires. Carcase data were matched to fire occurrence data and to potential confounders including rainfall, pasture growth and pasture biomass indices for the farm of origin. The predictive approach to modelling included generalised additive mixed effects models and a generalised linear mixed model. Consistent though imprecise trends in pneumonia occurrence in sheep carcases were observed across time and distance since exposure to fire, with sheep slaughtered in the immediate aftermath of exposure to high intensity fires at a close distance having the highest occurrence (3.78 cases per 1000 sheep slaughtered 5 days after exposure to medium-to-high intensity fire at 0.5 km distance (95% CI 0.48, 30.02), compared to 0.387 cases per 1000 slaughtered sheep (95% CI 0.147, 1.02) across the study population). However, the economic implications of this for producers and processors are considered to be very limited. No such trends were observed in regards to pleurisy occurrence in sheep. Consistent trends were observed in meat quality in cattle carcases, with lower meat quality scores observed in cattle slaughtered after close proximity to fire (mean MSA index of 57.12 for cattle slaughtered 5 days after exposure to medium-to-high intensity fire at 0.5 km distance (95% CI 56.91, 57.34), compared to a mean of 57.65 (95% CI 57.60, 57.71) across the study population). In the aftermath of exposure to mid-to-high intensity fires, this may warrant consideration in withholding cattle from slaughter from an economic perspective, after decisions based on welfare grounds have been made. These observations will inform practical recommendations to improve health and productivity outcomes in management of bushfire-affected livestock. The observed trends may reflect causal relationships, but this requires further investigation with specific explanatory modelling studies.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Livestock; Meat; Pleurisy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Victoria
PubMed: 35525720
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105655