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Scientific Reports Dec 2021In a cross-sectional study, with the use of molecular methods, we aimed to gain insight into oropharyngeal pneumococcal colonization over time in 1212 Greek children...
Molecular surveillance of pneumococcal carriage following completion of immunization with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered in a 3 + 1 schedule.
In a cross-sectional study, with the use of molecular methods, we aimed to gain insight into oropharyngeal pneumococcal colonization over time in 1212 Greek children recruited in general pediatric settings throughout the country; they were fully vaccinated with PCV13 (3 + 1 schedule). A single sample was obtained from each child at a time interval of 26 days to 70 months after administration of the 4th (booster) PCV13 dose; sampling time was divided into six time intervals. Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected by real-time PCR targeting the lytA gene and isolates were serotyped by singleplex real-time PCR assays. Multiple control procedures to avoid false-positive results were applied. We showed an overall S. pneumoniae carriage rate of 48.6%. Serotyping identified typeable isolates in 82% of the total lytA-positive samples. Non-PCV13 serotypes represented 83.8% of total isolates when excluding serogroups with mixed PCV13 and non-PCV13 serotypes. In multivariate analysis daycare/school attendance emerged as the main contributing factor. Notably, serotypes 19A and 3 were the only two PCV13 serotypes the colonization rate of which increased over time (χ for trend P < 0.001 and P = 0.012, respectively). The application of the SP2020 gene on lytA-positive serotyped samples showed pneumococcal colonization in 97% of cases, and the overall colonization profile over time closely resembled that of the lytA gene. With the provisions of the methodological approach and age group of our study, the use of the oropharynx emerges as a reliable alternative to the nasopharynx in estimating pneumococcal carriage in epidemiological studies.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Immunization; Infant; Male; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vaccines, Conjugate
PubMed: 34969968
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03720-y -
Expert Review of Vaccines Mar 2020: This review analyzes the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccinations in lung transplant patients before and after transplantation.: This review addresses the risk for... (Review)
Review
: This review analyzes the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccinations in lung transplant patients before and after transplantation.: This review addresses the risk for respiratory infections, in particular pneumococcal infections, in lung transplantation patients in the context of immunodeficiency and immunosuppressive medication. Vaccination is recommended to counteract the increased risk of pneumococcal infection, and the relevant guidelines are discussed in this review. The design of specific vaccination schedules is required because of the impaired antibody response in specific patient categories.: Lung transplantation candidates should be vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccines prior to transplantation. Currently, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine offers the broadest coverage, but the antibody response should be monitored. New generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccines with equally broad serotype coverage could be used in the future. During the post-transplantation period, the immune status of the patients should be monitored regularly, and vaccination should be repeated when indicated.
Topics: Antibody Formation; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Lung Transplantation; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Vaccination
PubMed: 32133883
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1738224 -
The American Journal of Nursing Sep 2023The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently updated the adult pneumococcal vaccine recommendations to include...
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently updated the adult pneumococcal vaccine recommendations to include two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs): PCV15 and PCV20. The authors review the updated guideline recommendations, their advantages and disadvantages, and nursing implications.
Topics: United States; Adult; Humans; Vaccination; Immunization; Advisory Committees; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Vaccines, Conjugate
PubMed: 37615467
DOI: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000978148.47780.7f -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023Pneumococcal disease is a major threat to public health globally, impacting individuals across all age groups, particularly infants and elderly individuals. The use of...
Pneumococcal disease is a major threat to public health globally, impacting individuals across all age groups, particularly infants and elderly individuals. The use of current vaccines has led to unintended consequences, including serotype replacement, leading to a need for a new approach to combat pneumococcal disease. A promising solution is the development of a broad-spectrum pneumococcal vaccine. In this study, we present the development of a broad-spectrum protein-based pneumococcal vaccine that contains three pneumococcal virulence factors: rlipo-PsaA (lipidated form), rPspAΔC (truncated form), and rPspCΔC (truncated form). Intranasal immunization with rlipo-PsaA, rPspAΔC, and rPspCΔC (LAAC) resulted in significantly higher IgG titres than those induced by administration of nonlipidated rPsaA, rPspAΔC, and rPspCΔC (AAC). Furthermore, LAAC immunization induced the production of higher IgA titres in vaginal washes, feces, and sera in mice, indicating that LAAC can induce systemic mucosal immunity. In addition, administration of LAAC also induced Th1/Th17-biased immune responses and promoted opsonic phagocytosis of strains of various serotypes, implying that the immunogenicity of LAAC immunization provides a protective effect against pneumococcal infection. Importantly, challenge data showed that the LAAC-immunized mice had a reduced bacterial load not only for several serotypes of the 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) but also for selected non-PCV13 serotypes. Consistently, LAAC immunization increased the survival rate of mice after bacterial challenge with both PCV13 and non-PCV13 serotypes. In conclusion, our protein-based pneumococcal vaccine provides protective effects against a broad spectrum of serotypes.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Female; Mice; Animals; Aged; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Immunity, Mucosal; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumococcal Infections; Immunization; Antibodies, Bacterial
PubMed: 37855122
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2272656 -
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese... Oct 2022More than 100 serotypes of have been identified, which has been one bottleneck problem for pneumococcal disease diagnosis, surveillance, development of pneumococcal... (Review)
Review
More than 100 serotypes of have been identified, which has been one bottleneck problem for pneumococcal disease diagnosis, surveillance, development of pneumococcal vaccine and effectiveness evaluation of pneumococcal vaccines. Three categories of approaches for pneumococcal serotyping will be discussed including phenotyping based on anti-serum, biochemical typing based on pneumococcal capsular characteristics and genotyping based on pneumococcal capsular locus sequences. We reviewed the development and applications of different serotyping of pneumococcus to provide guidance for pneumococcal disease prevention and control.
Topics: Humans; Serotyping; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Pneumonia
PubMed: 36274619
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220530-00543 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vaccines, Conjugate; Serogroup; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Vaccine Efficacy; Pneumococcal Vaccines
PubMed: 36130329
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac377 -
Vaccine Jun 2021Solid organ transplantation (SOT) candidates and recipients are highly vulnerable to invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD). Data on which to base optimal immunization...
BACKGROUND
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) candidates and recipients are highly vulnerable to invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD). Data on which to base optimal immunization recommendations for this population is scant. The national distribution of IPD serotypes led the Swiss Health Authorities to recommend in 2014 one dose of pneumococcal-13-valent-conjugate-vaccine (PCV13), without any subsequent dose of the 23-valent-polysaccharide-pneumococcal-vaccine (PPV23).
METHODS
This is a retrospective analysis of pneumococcal immunity using a multiplex binding assay, to assess seroprotection rates against a selection of seven PCV13- and seven PPV23-serotypes in SOT-candidates and recipients evaluated and/or transplanted in 2014/2015 in the University Hospitals of Geneva. Seroprotection was defined as serotype-specific antibody concentration greater than 0.5 mg/l and overall seroprotection when this was achieved for ≥ 6/7 serotypes.
RESULTS
Pre-vaccination and at time of transplant sera were available for 35/43 (81%), and 43/43 (100%) SOT-candidates respectively. At listing, 17/35 (49%) SOT-candidates were seroprotected against PCV13 and 21/35 (60%) against PPV23 serotypes. Following one systematic dose of PCV13 at listing, 35/43 (81%) SOT-recipients were seroprotected at day of transplant against PCV13-serotypes and 34/43 (79%) against PPV23 serotypes, compared to 21/41 (51%) and 28/41 (68%) respectively in the controls transplanted in 2013, before the systematic PCV13-vaccination.
CONCLUSIONS
The systematic vaccination with PCV13 of all SOT candidates without additional PPV23 is a good strategy as it confers seroprotection against a wide range of pneumococcal serotypes. Indeed, one of five PCV13-vaccinated SOT-candidates was nevertheless not seroprotected at time of transplant, reflecting their partial immune competence, and indicating the need for additional dose of pneumococcal vaccines before transplant.
Topics: Humans; Organ Transplantation; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vaccines, Conjugate
PubMed: 34023135
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.030 -
The Senior Care Pharmacist Apr 2023To review the current literature available regarding the efficacy and safety of the 20-valent l vaccine in older people and summarize the current recommendation for use... (Review)
Review
To review the current literature available regarding the efficacy and safety of the 20-valent l vaccine in older people and summarize the current recommendation for use in this patient population. PubMed was searched using the following terms: (PCV20 [Title] or 20-valent [Title] or 20-valent conjugate vaccine [Title]) and English (Language). The current recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and manufacturer package inserts were also reviewed. Nine articles on 20-valent vaccine were identified based on the above search terms. Those selected for inclusion were randomized control trials including primary or subgroup analysis of PCV20 in older people. Two randomized controlled trials have assessed the immunogenicity and safety of PCV20 in adults 65 years of age and older, one in a population previously vaccinated with PPSV23 and one in a vaccine-naive population. Both trials demonstrated PCV20 elicited a robust immune response one month after vaccination. PCV20 was well-tolerated with adverse events similar to earlier vaccine formulations. The simplified vaccine regimen of a singular PCV20 vaccination offers a compelling advancement. Longer-term studies are needed to show if PCV20 will improve vaccination rates and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vaccination; Vaccines, Conjugate
PubMed: 36949560
DOI: 10.4140/TCP.n.2023.148 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2021Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent source of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults. Respiratory tract infections are the foremost reasons for...
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent source of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults. Respiratory tract infections are the foremost reasons for asthma exacerbations. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention consider asthma a clear indication for pneumococcal vaccination. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which adult patients with asthma in Poland adhere to a schedule of recommended pneumococcal vaccinations. In addition, the study attempted to assess the source of the patient knowledge on vaccination and the plausible determents for vaccination. The study was conducted among patients at specialist outpatient clinics in the form of an anonymous survey that contained questions about asthma, vaccines, and the knowledge and motivations. A total of 214 patients (149 females and 65 males) of the mean age of 52 ± 17 years were interviewed. A staggering 93% of patients did not receive pneumococcal vaccination, and only 24% of patients were aware of the need for this vaccine. Age, gender, and education did not affect whether patients chose to receive the vaccine. The most often quoted reason for not receiving the vaccine was lack of information, followed by lack of faith in vaccine efficacy, and the fear of adverse effects. From the standpoint of health hazard stemming from prophylaxis avoidance, it appears paramount to educate asthmatic patients on the benefits of receiving pneumococcal vaccination.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asthma; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Poland; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vaccination
PubMed: 32696445
DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_562 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023Immunocompetent adults with certain medical and behavioral factors are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease. In some countries, sequential vaccination with...
Phase 3 trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 6 months later, in at-risk adults 18-49 years of age (PNEU-DAY): A subgroup analysis by baseline risk factors.
Immunocompetent adults with certain medical and behavioral factors are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease. In some countries, sequential vaccination with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is recommended for at-risk adults. This subgroup analysis from a phase 3 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of sequential administration of either V114 (a 15-valent PCV containing serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F) or PCV13, followed 6 months later by PPSV23, in immunocompetent adults 18-49 years of age with pre-defined risk factors for pneumococcal disease. Safety and immunogenicity post-vaccination were analyzed by type and baseline number of risk factors for pneumococcal disease (1 and ≥2 risk factors). This analysis included 1,131 participants randomized 3:1 to receive either V114 or PCV13, followed by PPSV23. The majority (73.1%) of participants had at least one risk factor. Safety and tolerability profiles of V114 and PCV13 were similar across risk factor groups. V114 administered either alone or sequentially with PPSV23 6 months later was immunogenic for all 15 serotypes, including those not contained in PCV13, regardless of the number of baseline risk factors. V114 has the potential to broaden serotype coverage for at-risk adults.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vaccines, Conjugate; Double-Blind Method; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Antibodies, Bacterial; Immunogenicity, Vaccine
PubMed: 36864601
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2177066