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The Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2021
Topics: Brain; Humans; Influenza, Human; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
PubMed: 34450121
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.08.037 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Oct 2023Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant disease burden in older adults. MVA-BN-RSV is a novel poxvirus-vectored vaccine encoding internal and external RSV... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant disease burden in older adults. MVA-BN-RSV is a novel poxvirus-vectored vaccine encoding internal and external RSV proteins.
METHODS
In a phase 2a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, healthy participants aged 18 to 50 years received MVA-BN-RSV or placebo, then were challenged 4 weeks later with RSV-A Memphis 37b. Viral load was assessed from nasal washes. RSV symptoms were collected. Antibody titers and cellular markers were assessed before and after vaccination and challenge.
RESULTS
After receiving MVA-BN-RSV or placebo, 31 and 32 participants, respectively, were challenged. Viral load areas under the curve from nasal washes were lower (P = .017) for MVA-BN-RSV (median = 0.00) than placebo (median = 49.05). Total symptom scores also were lower (median = 2.50 and 27.00, respectively; P = .004). Vaccine efficacy against symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed or culture-confirmed infection was 79.3% to 88.5% (P = .022 and .013). Serum immunoglobulin A and G titers increased approximately 4-fold after MVA-BN-RSV vaccination. Interferon-γ-producing cells increased 4- to 6-fold after MVA-BN-RSV in response to stimulation with the encoded RSV internal antigens. Injection site pain occurred more frequently with MVA-BN-RSV. No serious adverse events were attributed to vaccination.
CONCLUSIONS
MVA-BN-RSV vaccination resulted in lower viral load and symptom scores, fewer confirmed infections, and induced humoral and cellular responses.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT04752644.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Antibodies, Viral; Antigens, Viral; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Smallpox Vaccine; Vaccinia virus
PubMed: 37079393
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad108 -
The Lancet. Digital Health Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Infant; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
PubMed: 37890899
DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00206-6 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jun 2021
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33216146
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1753 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Jan 2021
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Humans; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
PubMed: 33342497
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.066 -
Journal of Gerontological Nursing Mar 2024To evaluate the impact of two newly U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines, RSVpreF3 (Arexvy™, GSK) and RSVpreF... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To evaluate the impact of two newly U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines, RSVpreF3 (Arexvy™, GSK) and RSVpreF (Abrysvo™, Pfizer), on morbidity in older adults. RSV is known to cause significant health issues in this demographic.
METHOD
The current article reviews Phases 1 and 2 and Phase 3 published clinical trials, the recommendations for immunization practices outlined in the , and other relevant literature on RSV infection and vaccine coadministration. A case vignette is also included to illustrate an example of the shared clinical decision-making process for vaccination.
RESULTS
Findings suggest that RSVpreF3 and RSVpreF vaccines effectively reduce health complications of RSV in older adults. Successful integration of these vaccines with other immunizations is also highlighted, emphasizing the role of an interprofessional team in this process.
CONCLUSION
The introduction of RSVpreF3 and RSVpreF vaccines represents a significant advancement in the management of RSV in older adults. This article underscores the importance of shared clinical decision-making in vaccine administration and the effective coordination of an interprofessional team for coadministration with other vaccines. [(3), 7-12.].
Topics: Humans; Aged; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Vaccination; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
PubMed: 38417072
DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20240207-02 -
Sub-cellular Biochemistry 2023During respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) particle assembly, the mature RSV particles form as filamentous projections on the surface of RSV-infected cells. The RSV... (Review)
Review
During respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) particle assembly, the mature RSV particles form as filamentous projections on the surface of RSV-infected cells. The RSV assembly process occurs at the / on the cell surface that is modified by a virus infection, involving a combination of several different host cell factors and cellular processes. This induces changes in the lipid composition and properties of these lipid microdomains, and the virus-induced activation of associated Rho GTPase signaling networks drives the remodeling of the underlying filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton network. The modified sites that form on the surface of the infected cells form the nexus point for RSV assembly, and in this review chapter, they are referred to as the RSV assembleome. This is to distinguish these unique membrane microdomains that are formed during virus infection from the corresponding membrane microdomains that are present at the cell surface prior to infection. In this article, an overview of the current understanding of the processes that drive the formation of the assembleome during RSV particle assembly is given.
Topics: Humans; Virus Assembly; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Cell Membrane; Virus Diseases; Lipids
PubMed: 38159230
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_9 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is responsible for most respiratory tract infections in infants. Even though currently there are no approved hRSV vaccines...
INTRODUCTION
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is responsible for most respiratory tract infections in infants. Even though currently there are no approved hRSV vaccines for newborns or infants, several candidates are being developed. rBCG-N-hRSV is a vaccine candidate previously shown to be safe in a phase I clinical trial in adults (clinicaltrials.gov identifier #NCT03213405). Here, secondary immunogenicity analyses were performed on these samples.
METHODS
PBMCs isolated from immunized volunteers were stimulated with hRSV or mycobacterial antigens to evaluate cytokines and cytotoxic T cell-derived molecules and the expansion of memory T cell subsets. Complement C1q binding and IgG subclass composition of serum antibodies were assessed.
RESULTS
Compared to levels detected prior to vaccination, perforin-, granzyme B-, and IFN-γ-producing PBMCs responding to stimulus increased after immunization, along with their effector memory response. N-hRSV- and mycobacterial-specific antibodies from rBCG-N-hRSV-immunized subjects bound C1q.
CONCLUSION
Immunization with rBCG-N-hRSV induces cellular and humoral immune responses, supporting that rBCG-N-hRSV is immunogenic and safe in healthy individuals.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/, identifier NCT03213405.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Infant, Newborn; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; BCG Vaccine; Immunity, Cellular; Immunization; Vaccination
PubMed: 37533867
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215893 -
British Journal of Haematology Aug 2023Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated viral infections are a major public health problem affecting the immunologically naïve/compromised populations. Given the... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated viral infections are a major public health problem affecting the immunologically naïve/compromised populations. Given the RSV-associated morbidity and the limited treatment options, we sought to characterize the cellular immune response to RSV to develop a targeted T cell therapy for off-the-shelf administration to immunocompromised individuals. Here we report on the immunological profiling, as well as manufacturing, characterization and antiviral properties of these RSV-targeted T cells. A randomized, phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating their safety and activity in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients as an off-the-shelf multi-respiratory virus-directed product is currently underway (NCT04933968, https://clinicaltrials.gov).
Topics: Humans; Antiviral Agents; Immunotherapy; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 37323051
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18933 -
Viruses Mar 2022Viral replication and transmissibility are the principal causes of endemic and pandemic disease threats. There remains a need for broad-spectrum antiviral agents. The... (Review)
Review
Viral replication and transmissibility are the principal causes of endemic and pandemic disease threats. There remains a need for broad-spectrum antiviral agents. The most common respiratory viruses are endemic agents such as coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, and influenza viruses. Although vaccines are available for SARS-CoV-2 and some influenza viruses, there is a paucity of effective antiviral drugs, while for RSV there is no vaccine available, and therapeutic treatments are very limited. We have previously shown that probenecid is safe and effective in limiting influenza A virus replication and SARS-CoV-2 replication, along with strong evidence showing inhibition of RSV replication in vitro and in vivo. This review article will describe the antiviral activity profile of probenecid against these three viruses.
Topics: Drug Repositioning; Humans; Orthomyxoviridae; Probenecid; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35337018
DOI: 10.3390/v14030612