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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Domestic goats () are a food, fiber and companion animal. Abnormal erythrocyte shapes (poikilocytes) are considered normal in young goats, but their association with...
BACKGROUND
Domestic goats () are a food, fiber and companion animal. Abnormal erythrocyte shapes (poikilocytes) are considered normal in young goats, but their association with disease is not well described. Likewise, there is little information on the significance of poikilocytosis in adult goats.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, severity and type of poikilocytosis in young and adult goats and its association with age, sex, breed, laboratory results, and underlying disease.
METHODS
We retrospectively examined clinical and laboratory data from 1254 goats presented at the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from 1997 to 2019. We analyzed 313 blood smears from goats with moderate or marked (MOD-MKD) poikilocytosis on initial blood smear evaluation. Number and type of poikilocytes per 1000 red blood cells (RBCs) were enumerated. Laboratory values and primary disease categories were compared with the severity and type of poikilocytosis.
RESULTS
Kids (<6 mos) and juveniles (>6 mos to <1 year) had a higher prevalence of MOD-MKD poikilocytosis (95/210, 45.2% kids; 27/59, 45.8% juveniles) than adult goats (≥1 year; 190/982, 19.3%) ( < 0.001). Kids had a higher percentage of elliptocytes, dacryocytes, and schistocytes and a lower percentage of polygonal and spiculated RBCs than juvenile and adult goats ( < 0.001). Of goats with MOD-MKD ( NONE-SLIGHT) poikilocytosis, kids had lower HGB and MCH, and higher RDW ( ≤ 0.02); juveniles and adult goats had lower HCT, MCV, MCH, and albumin concentration ( ≤ 0.01), and all age groups had lower total CO2 concentration and higher PLT counts ( < 0.03). Adult goats with MOD-MKD poikilocytosis also had higher BUN:Cr ratios ( = 0.005). Gastrointestinal parasitism, Johne's disease, diarrhea/enteritis, lice, hepatic disease and renal disease (but not urolithiasis) were significantly associated with MOD-MKD poikilocytosis ( < 0.001). Goats with hepatic and renal disease had a higher prevalence and percentage of spiculated cells ( = 0.001). Goats with Johne's disease had a higher prevalence of polygonal cells (93.3%) and dacryocytes (66.7%) than other diseases, and elliptocytes predominated in a higher proportion (36.0%) of adult goats with GI parasitism vs other diseases ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that iron deficiency is an important pathophysiologic mechanism of poikilocytosis in juvenile and adult goats, and possibly in kids, whether due to iron-restricted erythropoiesis, chronic hemorrhage, functional iron deficiency, or a combination of these mechanisms. Further investigation into the detection and monitoring of iron deficiency and the value of poikilocytosis as a diagnostic marker of iron status in goats is warranted.
PubMed: 37662982
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1234233 -
Journal of the South African Veterinary... May 2023Angora goats in South Africa experience several syndromes that result in notable morbidity and mortality in juveniles and adults, but not kids. Insight into their causes...
Angora goats in South Africa experience several syndromes that result in notable morbidity and mortality in juveniles and adults, but not kids. Insight into their causes is hampered by the lack of normal reference values for this breed, and the present study therefore aimed to characterise (1) differences in the haematology of healthy kids at birth and weaning, and (2) the haematology of apparently healthy yearlings. Selected variables were measured by blood smear analysis, and complete blood counts were performed using an ADVIA 2120i. Variables at 1, 11, and 20 weeks of age were compared using the Friedman test and associations between variables of yearlings were determined by correlation analysis. In kids, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and poikilocytosis increased over time, while mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) decreased. Yearlings displayed a lower MCHC, and higher haemoglobin distribution width than previously reported for goats, and these were positively correlated with poikilocytosis, as were reticulocyte counts. White cell counts of yearlings exceeded normal values previously reported for goats, with some individuals displaying remarkably high mature neutrophil counts. Changes in haemoglobin variant expression or cation and water fluxes are possible explanations for the findings in kids, while in yearlings, the associations between MCHC, HDW, poikilocytosis, and reticulocytosis suggest alterations in red cell hydration in adulthood that are associated with increased red cell turnover. These findings may prove informative in the further investigation of various clinical syndromes in this population.
PubMed: 37358317
DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.547 -
Impact of Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Poikilocytosis and Microrheological Properties of Erythrocytes.Pharmaceutics Mar 2023Plasmonic nanoparticles (NP) possess great potential in photothermal therapy and diagnostics. However, novel NP require a detailed examination for potential toxicity and...
Plasmonic nanoparticles (NP) possess great potential in photothermal therapy and diagnostics. However, novel NP require a detailed examination for potential toxicity and peculiarities of interaction with cells. Red blood cells (RBC) are important for NP distribution and the development of hybrid RBC-NP delivery systems. This research explored RBC alterations induced by noble (Au and Ag) and nitride-based (TiN and ZrN) laser-synthesized plasmonic NP. Optical tweezers and conventional microscopy modalities indicated the effects arising at non-hemolytic levels, such as RBC poikilocytosis, and alterations in RBC microrheological parameters, elasticity and intercellular interactions. Aggregation and deformability significantly decreased for echinocytes independently of NP type, while for intact RBC, all NP except Ag NP increased the interaction forces but had no effect on RBC deformability. RBC poikilocytosis promoted by NP at concentration 50 μg mL-1 was more pronounced for Au and Ag NP, compared to TiN and ZrN NP. Nitride-based NP demonstrated better biocompatibility towards RBC and higher photothermal efficiency than their noble metal counterparts.
PubMed: 37111532
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041046 -
Environmental Toxicology and... Aug 2020Pharmaceuticals residue was detected in the water bodies as a consequence of the incomplete treatment. Recently, the side impacts of that residue on aquatic creatures...
Pharmaceuticals residue was detected in the water bodies as a consequence of the incomplete treatment. Recently, the side impacts of that residue on aquatic creatures have received a considerable attention. However, there is insufficient information about the effect of the most consumed narcotic drug (tramadol) on fish as an aquatic model. Thus, this study aims at investigating the poikilocytosis and tissue damage in Oreochromis niloticus after the exposure to 100 and 200 mg/L of tramadol hydrochloride. Three groups of fish were used; one as a control group, and the other two groups were exposed to 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L of tramadol hydrochloride respectively for 25 days. Exposure to tramadol caused a significant increase in the percentage of poikilocytosis compared to the control group. Poikilocytosis included tear-drop cell, spindle-shaped cell, sickle cell, schistocyte, blebbed cell, acanthocyte, eccentric nucleus, amoebocyte, dividing cell, and crenated cell. Moreover, liver tissue in fish exposed to tramadol showed degeneration and vacuolization of hepatocytes and atrophy of pancreatic acini as signs of histopathological alterations. Histopathological changes of brain showed severe gliosis, dark neurons, and vacuolization in fish exposed to tramadol compared to control fish. Gills tissue showed erosion, epithelial lifting, and secondary lamellae shrinking in fish exposed to tramadol compared to control fish. In conclusion, tramadol induced histopathological changes in liver, brain, and gills of Oreochromis niloticus as well as poikilocytosis were indicated clearly. Therefore, tramadol leakage to waters should be avoided to preserve aquatic creatures.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cichlids; Erythrocytes; Gills; Liver; Narcotics; Tramadol; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 32305673
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103383 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2021This study aims to assess the impact of microplastics (MPs) on erythrocytes using eryptosis (apoptosis) and an erythron profile (poikilocytosis and nuclear...
This study aims to assess the impact of microplastics (MPs) on erythrocytes using eryptosis (apoptosis) and an erythron profile (poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities), considered to be novel biomarkers in Nile tilapia (. In this study, four groups of fish were used: The first was the control group. In the second group, 1 mg/L of MPs was introduced to the samples. The third group was exposed to 10 mg/L of MPs. Finally, the fourth group was exposed to 100 mg/L of MPs for 15 days, following 15 days of recovery. The fish treated with MPs experienced an immense rise in the eryptosis percentage, poikilocytosis, and nuclear abnormalities of red blood cells (RBCs) compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent manner. Poikilocytosis of MP-exposed groups included sickle cell shape, schistocyte, elliptocyte, acanthocyte, and other shapes. Nuclear abnormalities of the MPs-exposed groups included micronuclei, binucleated erythrocytes, notched, lobed, blebbed, and hemolyzed nuclei. After the recovery period, a greater percentage of eryptosis, poikilocytotic cells, and nuclear abnormalities in RBCs were still evident in the groups exposed to MPs when crosschecked with the control group. The results show concerning facts regarding the toxicity of MPs in tilapia.
PubMed: 34650449
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.742922 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2024Mercury (Hg) is regarded as a serious hazard to aquatic life and is particularly prevalent in aquatic ecosystems. However, there is little evidence available regarding...
Mercury (Hg) is regarded as a serious hazard to aquatic life and is particularly prevalent in aquatic ecosystems. However, there is little evidence available regarding the toxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl) in vital organs of fish. This study was conducted to assess the effects of HgCl (0.039 mg/L and 0.078 mg/L) on oxidative stress-mediated genotoxicity, poikilocytosis, apoptosis, and renal fibrosis after 15, 30, and 45 days of the exposure period. According to the findings, HgCl intoxication in fish resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyls (PC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity levels in kidney tissues and significantly (P < 0.05) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), poikilocytosis, DNA tail length, and the frequency of apoptotic cells (AC%) in blood cells. Kidney's ultra-structure and histopathology revealed its fibrosis, which was evident by mRNA expression of targeted genes KIM1, NOX4, TGFβ, and NFϏβ. Different indicators of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and genotoxicity were altered in a dose and time-dependent manner, according to a two-way ANOVA analysis. There was a considerable positive link between oxidative stress and kidney fibrosis in the fish Channa punctatus, and it is evident from regression correlation and PCA data analysis. The kidney's ultra-structure evaluation and histopathology both revealed a noticeable fibrosis state. Additionally, a significant (P < 0.05) downregulation in PPARδ reveals that fish body was unable to combat diseases such as kidney fibrosis induced by HgCl. This study shed fresh light on the mechanisms underlying nephrotoxicity caused by HgCl exposure.
Topics: Animals; Oxidative Stress; Mercuric Chloride; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Fishes; Kidney; Fresh Water; Lipid Peroxidation; Apoptosis; Channa punctatus
PubMed: 38760601
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33514-4 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2020The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of poikilocytosis in the acne vulgaris comorbidity with demodicosis and functional gallbladder disorder.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of poikilocytosis in the acne vulgaris comorbidity with demodicosis and functional gallbladder disorder.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: The study included 140 people with a diagnosis of moderate acne: group 1 - patients with AV, group 2 - patients with AV + Demodicosis, group3- AV + Demodicosis + functional gallbladder disorder (FGD). Biochemical analysis of lipid profile and liver enzymes, bilirubin was performed with semi-automatic analyzer HUMALYZER 3000. Scanning electron microscopy was performed using scanning electron microscope PEI-106I "SELMI". Ultrasound investigation was carried out by the SonoScape S6Pro US-diagnostic system with 3 - 5 MHz Ultrasound Probe Transducer С354.
RESULTS
Results: The most significant changes in blood erythrocytes morphology were observed in patients with comorbidity of acne, demodicosis and FGD with highest increasing of deformed erythrocytes up to 21%, mainly due to echinocytes І, ІІ order. Correlation analysis has revealed a strong direct association r = +0.75 (p < 0.05) between the poikilocytosis and comorbidity of acne vulgaris with demodicosis and FGD.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: A strong direct association between acne vulgaris comorbid pathology and the increased number of deformation shapes of erythrocytes confirms the impact of FGD on morphological characteristics of erythrocytes and developing of poikilocytosis.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Comorbidity; Gallbladder; Gallbladder Diseases; Humans; Mite Infestations
PubMed: 32248161
DOI: No ID Found -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Sep 2023Pyrogallol is widely used in several industrial applications and can subsequently contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Here, we report for the first time the presence of...
Pyrogallol is widely used in several industrial applications and can subsequently contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Here, we report for the first time the presence of pyrogallol in wastewater in Egypt. Currently, there is a complete lack of toxicity and carcinogenicity data for pyrogallol exposure in fish. To address this gap, both acute and sub-acute toxicity experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity of pyrogallol in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Behavioral and morphological endpoints were evaluated, in addition to blood hematological endpoints, biochemical indices, electrolyte balance, and the erythron profile (poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities). In the acute toxicity assay, it was determined that the 96 h median-lethal concentration (96 h-LC) of pyrogallol for catfish was 40 mg/L. In sub-acute toxicity experiment, fish divided into four groups; Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 was exposed to 1 mg/L of pyrogallol, Group 3 was exposed to 5 mg/L of pyrogallol, and Group 4 was exposed to 10 mg/L of pyrogallol. Fish showed morphological changes such as erosion of the dorsal and caudal fins, skin ulcers, and discoloration following exposure to pyrogallol for 96 h. Exposure to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol caused a significant decrease in hematological indices, including red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC), thrombocytes, and large and small lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Several biochemical parameters (creatinine, uric acid, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose) were altered in a concentration dependent manner with short term exposures to pyrogallol. Pyrogallol exposure also caused a significant concentration-dependent rise in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs in catfish. In conclusion, our data suggest that pyrogallol should be considered further in environmental risk assessments of aquatic species.
Topics: Animals; Pyrogallol; Catfishes; Ecosystem; Erythrocytes; Hemoglobins; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37331582
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122074 -
Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases May 2022Here we describe a retrospective study of a 10-year-old girl, adopted from India, and referred to the Rare Anemias Unit for the diagnosis of a severe haemolytic anaemia...
Haemoglobin Bristol-Alesha in a child with non-spherocytic severe haemolytic anaemia and marked anisochromic poikilocytosis with basophilic stippling and amorphous intracellular content.
Here we describe a retrospective study of a 10-year-old girl, adopted from India, and referred to the Rare Anemias Unit for the diagnosis of a severe haemolytic anaemia of unknown etiology. Blood film examination revealed markedly abnormal red cell morphology characterised by a mixture of very pale (hypochromic) cells with basophilic stippling and macrocytic cells containing coarse basophilic dots and an amorphous material of unknown origin. With a presumptive diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency (PK), the patient had been splenectomised at 7 years of age with a partial recovery of the anaemia and a decrease of the blood transfusion rate. Three years after splenectomy, the patient was revisited and a haemoglobin stability test was performed with a positive result. Accordingly, the correct diagnosis was an unstable haemoglobinopathy. Targeted next generation sequencing (t-NGS) revealed haemoglobin Bristol-Alesha, a hyper unstable haemoglobinopathy associated with severe haemolytic anaemia. Since unstable haemoglobins do not necessarily have specific red cell morphological abnormalities, our findings reinforce the need to include, the haemoglobin stability test, in the first diagnostic approach of hemolytic anaemias of unknown etiology.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Child; Erythrocytes; Female; Hemoglobinopathies; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35091138
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102652