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Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Minerals and trace elements were involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. However, the association of mixed exposure to essential elements and toxic...
BACKGROUND
Minerals and trace elements were involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. However, the association of mixed exposure to essential elements and toxic elements with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to examine the associations between serum calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in early pregnancy and GDM risk in Chinese pregnant women.
METHOD
A total of 1,168 pregnant women were included in this prospective cohort study. The concentrations of serum elements were measured using the polarography method before 14 gestational weeks and an oral glucose tolerance test was conducted at 24-28 gestational weeks to diagnose GDM. Binary logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline were applied to evaluate the association between serum individual element and GDM. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to assess the associations between mixed essential elements and Cd exposure and GDM risk.
RESULTS
The mean concentrations of Zn (124.65 vs. 120.12 μmol/L), Fe (135.26 vs. 132.21 μmol/L) and Cu (23.33 vs. 23.03 μmol/L) in the GDM group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Single-element modeling results suggested that second and fourth-quartile maternal Zn and Fe concentration, third and fourth-quartile Cu concentration and fourth-quartile Ca concentration were associated with an increased risk of GDM compared to first-quartile values. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed U-shaped and non-linear relationships between Cd and GDM. According to the BKMR models and WQS analyses, a six-element mixture was significantly and positively associated with the risk of GDM. Additionally, Cd, Zn, and Cu contributed the most strongly to the association.
CONCLUSION
Serum Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ca exposure during early pregnancy showed a positive association with GDM in the individual evaluation. The multiple-evaluation showed that high levels of elements mixture, particularly Cd, Zn, and Cu, may promote the development of GDM.
PubMed: 38125730
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278617 -
Chemistry, An Asian Journal Nov 2023The properties of electrodes play a crucial role in the processes occurring on them. Therefore, a variety of materials have been tried as electrodes. Carbon composite... (Review)
Review
The properties of electrodes play a crucial role in the processes occurring on them. Therefore, a variety of materials have been tried as electrodes. Carbon composite materials are among the most admired ones. Use of composites as electrode material dates back to the mid of the last century when polymer-carbon composites were tried as general-purpose electrode platforms and epoxy impregnated graphite paste/ solid electrodes were tried in polarography. Later the composite electrodes have seen several phases of development. Plastic Chip Electrode (PCE) is a class of polymer composite electrode developed by our group. This monographic review gives a bird's eye account of polymer composite electrodes and appurtenant work, followed by elaborating on various aspects and state-of-the-art plastic chip electrodes.
PubMed: 37706272
DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300690 -
Shock (Augusta, Ga.) Jun 2024Mitochondrial dysfunction is a recognized feature of sepsis, characterized by ultrastructural damage, diminished oxidative phosphorylation, and depletion of...
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a recognized feature of sepsis, characterized by ultrastructural damage, diminished oxidative phosphorylation, and depletion of mitochondrial antioxidant capacity observed in deceased septic patients. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance induces a controlled response to sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the function of tolerant mitochondria after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Mytochondrial oxygen consumption was determined using polarography. Extraction and quantification of RNA for the expression of Tfam, Nrf-1 and Ppargc-1α; and Respiratory complex activity were measured. CLP-tolerant animals presented preserved respiratory rates of S3 and S4 and a ratio of respiratory control (RCR) compared to CLP non-tolerant animals with reduced oxidative phosphorylation and increased uncoupled respiration. Complex I Vmax was reduced in septic animals; however, CLP animals sustained normal Vmax. Mitochondrial biogenesis was preserved in CLP-tolerant animals compared to the CLP-nontolerant group, likely due to increased TFAM expression. LPS tolerance protected septic animals from mitochondrial dysfunction, favoring mitochondrial biogenesis and preserving mitochondrial respiration and respiratory complex I activity.
PubMed: 38888558
DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002399 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022The Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer enables the high-throughput characterization of oxidative phosphorylation capacity based on the electron transport chain...
The Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer enables the high-throughput characterization of oxidative phosphorylation capacity based on the electron transport chain organization and regulation with relatively small amount of material. This development over the traditional polarographic Clark-type electrode approaches make it possible to analyze the respiratory features of mitochondria isolated from tissue samples of particular animal models. Here we provide a description of an optimized approach to carry out multi-well measurement of O consumption, with the Agilent Seahorse XFe96 analyzer on mouse brain and muscles to determine the tissue-specific oxidative phosphorylation properties. Protocols include the preparation of the tissue samples, isolation of mitochondria, and analysis of their function; in particular, the preparation and optimization of the reagents and samples.
Topics: Animals; Electron Transport; Mice; Mitochondria; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Polarography; Smegmamorpha
PubMed: 35771439
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_8 -
Food Chemistry Nov 2022In this study, enhancement of electrochemical performance of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) (ERGO/SPCE)...
In this study, enhancement of electrochemical performance of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) (ERGO/SPCE) coupled with ion-pairing (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) for the determination of iodide in table salt has been described. The electrode modification of ERGO/SPCE was conducted using cyclic voltammetric (CV) scanning in the potential range of 1.3-0.4 V for 50 cycles after the drop-casting of graphene oxide (GO) suspension on the SPCE. It was found that the electro-active surface area of ERGO/SPCE was increased by 1.5-fold compared to the bare SPCE. ERGO/SPCE sensor displays linearity towards iodide in the concentration range from 0.020 to 1.0 mg/L (sensitivity = 5.40 µA(mg/L), R = 0.9906) with the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.070 mg/L and 0.21 mg/L, respectively. The comparison between polarography and ERGO/SPCE sensor was in good agreement.
Topics: Carbon; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Graphite; Iodides; Salts; Sodium Chloride, Dietary
PubMed: 35667176
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133382 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Sep 2021Lead (Pb ) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and can be found in various quantities in the environment. The five native probiotic bacteria and inulin were used to...
BACKGROUND
Lead (Pb ) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and can be found in various quantities in the environment. The five native probiotic bacteria and inulin were used to assess in vitro lead nitrate and lead acetate binding capacities, as well as removal potentials.
RESULTS
The highest decrease in media pH was seen for samples containing a combination of Lactobacillus paracasei IRBC-M 10784, lead nitrate and inulin (5.30 ± 0.012). The presence of inulin in the environment accelerated decreases in the pH of all samples with no significance. In all groups, lead nitrate-containing samples included maximum pH decreases. From the highest to the lowest, the ability of lead removal was linked to Lactobacillus acidophilus PTCC-1932 (88.48%), Bifidobacterium bifidum BIA-7 (85.32%), Bifidobacterium lactis BIA-6 (85.24%), Lactobacillus rhamnosus IBRC-M 10782 (83.18%) and L. paracasei IRBC-M 10784 (80.66%). Most species included the highest decrease in lead nitrate. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that various functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxylic, carbonyl, amino and amide binds) on the bacterial cell wall were involved in lead ion binding during incubation. Principal component analysis of the FTIR results showed differences with respect to treated groups and control groups.
CONCLUSION
The results obtained in the present study reveal that the simultaneous use of native probiotics and inulin can be an effective and safe approach for removing various toxic substances, especially Pb. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Adsorption; Bifidobacterium; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cell Wall; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inulin; Lactobacillus; Lead; Nitrates; Organometallic Compounds; Probiotics
PubMed: 33608880
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11160 -
Physiologia Plantarum Feb 2021The Mn CaO cluster of photosystem II (PSII) advances sequentially through five oxidation states (S to S ). Under the enzyme cycle, two water molecules are oxidized, O is...
The Mn CaO cluster of photosystem II (PSII) advances sequentially through five oxidation states (S to S ). Under the enzyme cycle, two water molecules are oxidized, O is generated and four protons are released into the lumen. Umena et al. (2011) have proposed that, with other charged amino acids, the R323 residue of the D1 protein could contribute to regulate a proton egress pathway from the Mn CaO cluster and Tyr via a proton channel identified from the 3D structure. To test this suggestion, a PsbA3/R323E site-directed mutant has been constructed and the properties of its PSII have been compared to those of the PsbA3-PSII by using EPR spectroscopy, polarography, thermoluminescence and time-resolved UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Neither the oscillations with a period four nor the kinetics and S-state-dependent stoichiometry of the proton release were affected. However, several differences have been found: (1) the P decay in the hundreds of ns time domain was much slower in the mutant, (2) the S Q /DCMU and S Q /DCMU radiative charge recombination occurred at higher temperatures and (3) the S Tyr , S Tyr , S Tyr split EPR signals induced at 4.2 K by visible light from the S Tyr , S Tyr , S Tyr , respectively, and the (S Tyr )' induced by NIR illumination at 4.2 K of the S Tyr state differed. It is proposed that the R323 residue of the D1 protein interacts with Tyr likely via the H-bond network previously proposed to be a proton channel. Therefore, rather than participating in the egress of protons to the lumen, this channel could be involved in the relaxations of the H-bonds around Tyr by interacting with the bulk, thus tuning the driving force required for Tyr oxidation.
Topics: Arginine; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Oxidation-Reduction; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Protons
PubMed: 32359083
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13115 -
International Journal of Analytical... 2021This review article represents the collection and discussion of various analytical methods available in the literature for the determination of allopurinol (ALLP) in... (Review)
Review
This review article represents the collection and discussion of various analytical methods available in the literature for the determination of allopurinol (ALLP) in pharmaceutical and biological samples consisting of HPLC, UV-visible method, near-IR spectroscopy, spectrofluorometry, capillary electrophoresis, polarography, voltammetry, and hyphenated techniques such as LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, UPLC-MS/MS, and GC-MS. The anticipated review provides details about the comparative utilization of various analytical techniques for the determination of ALLP. The present review article can be effectively explored to conduct future analytical investigation for the estimation of ALLP.
PubMed: 34194505
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5558651 -
Acta Neuropsychiatrica Apr 2021The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is a reduction in the activity of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (Cox) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is a reduction in the activity of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (Cox) in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
METHODS
Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis were used with data obtained from the PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Lilacs, Eric and Cochrane. The keywords were Alzheimer's AND Cox AND mitochondria; Alzheimer's AND Cox AND mitochondria; Alzheimer's AND complex IV AND mitochondria. A total of 1372 articles were found, 23 of them fitting the inclusion criteria. The data were assembled in an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the RevMan software. A random effects model was adopted to the estimative of the effect.
RESULTS
The data shows a significant decrease in the activity of the Cox AD patients and animal models.
CONCLUSION
Cox enzyme may be an important molecular component involved in the mechanisms underlying AD. Therefore, this enzyme may represent a possible new biomarker for the disease as a complementary diagnosis and a new treatment target for AD.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Colorimetry; Electron Transport Complex IV; Humans; Mice; Mitochondria; Models, Animal; Polarography; Rats; Software; Spectrophotometry
PubMed: 33256871
DOI: 10.1017/neu.2020.43 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Endometriosis is one of the leading pathologies of the reproductive system of women of fertile age, which shows changes in cell metabolism in the lesions. We conducted a...
Endometriosis is one of the leading pathologies of the reproductive system of women of fertile age, which shows changes in cell metabolism in the lesions. We conducted a study of the cellular respiration according to the polarography and the mRNA content of the main metabolic proteins using qRT-PCR of intraoperative endometrial biopsies from patients in the control group and with different localizations of endometriosis (adenomyosis, endometrioma, pelvic peritoneum). In biopsy samples of patients with endometriomas and pelvic peritoneum endometriotic lesions, the rate of oxygen absorption was significantly reduced, and, moreover, in the extragenital case, there was a shift to succinate utilization. The mRNA content of the cytochrome c, cytochrome c oxidase, and ATP synthase was also reduced, but hexokinase HK2 as well as pyruvate kinase were significantly higher than in the control. These oxidative phosphorylation and gene expression profiles suggest the Warburg effect and a shift in metabolism toward glycolysis. For adenomyosis, on the contrary, cellular respiration was significantly higher than in the control group due to the terminal region of the respiratory chain, ATP synthase, and its mRNA was increased as well. These data allow us to suggest that the therapeutic strategies of endometriosis based on modulation energy metabolism should take lesion localization into account.
Topics: Humans; Female; Endometriosis; Adenomyosis; Cell Respiration; Biopsy; RNA, Messenger; Adenosine Triphosphate
PubMed: 38612490
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073680