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CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Poliomyelitis; Disease Eradication
PubMed: 36379554
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.221320 -
JAMA Oct 2022
Topics: Humans; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 36112391
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.17159 -
Poliomyelitis is a current challenge: long-term sequelae and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus.GeroScience Apr 2023For more than 20 years, the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WPR) has been polio-free. However, two current challenges are still polio-related. First,... (Review)
Review
For more than 20 years, the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WPR) has been polio-free. However, two current challenges are still polio-related. First, around half of poliomyelitis elderly survivors suffer late poliomyelitis sequelae with a substantial impact on daily activities and quality of life, experiencing varying degrees of residual weakness as they age. The post-polio syndrome as well as accelerated aging may be involved. Second, after the worldwide Sabin oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccination, the recent reappearance of strains of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) circulating in the environment is worrisome and able to persistent person-to-person transmission. Such VDPV strains exhibit atypical genetic characteristics and reversed neurovirulence that can cause paralysis similarly to wild poliovirus, posing a significant obstacle to the elimination of polio. Immunization is essential for preventing paralysis in those who are exposed to the poliovirus. Stress the necessity of maintaining high vaccination rates because declining immunity increases the likelihood of reemergence. If mankind wants to eradicate polio in the near future, measures to raise immunization rates and living conditions in poorer nations are needed, along with strict observation. New oral polio vaccine candidates offer a promissory tool for this goal.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Paralysis; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Quality of Life
PubMed: 36260265
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00672-7 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2021
Topics: Famous Persons; Georgia; History, 20th Century; Hospitals, Special; Humans; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine; Poliomyelitis; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome; United States
PubMed: 34175018
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2021.05.002 -
Neurologia Jun 2022Patients presenting sequelae of poliomyelitis may present new symptoms, known as post-polio syndrome (PPS).
INTRODUCTION
Patients presenting sequelae of poliomyelitis may present new symptoms, known as post-polio syndrome (PPS).
OBJECTIVE
To identify the clinical and functional profile and epidemiological characteristics of patients presenting PPS.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We performed a retrospective study of 400 patients with poliomyelitis attended at the Institut Guttmann outpatient clinic, of whom 310 were diagnosed with PPS. We describe patients' epidemiological, clinical, and electromyographic variables and analyse the relationships between age of poliomyelitis onset and severity of the disease, and between sex, age of PPS onset, and the frequency of symptoms.
RESULTS
PPS was more frequent in women (57.7%). The mean age at symptom onset was 52.4 years, and was earlier in women. Age at primary infection > 2 years was not related to greater poliomyelitis severity. The frequency of symptoms was: pain in 85% of patients, loss of strength in 40%, fatigue in 65.5%, tiredness in 57.8%, cold intolerance in 20.2%, dysphagia in 11.7%, cognitive complaints in 9%, and depressive symptoms in 31.5%. Fatigue, tiredness, depression, and cognitive complaints were significantly more frequent in women. Fifty-nine percent of patients presented electromyographic findings suggestive of PPS.
CONCLUSIONS
While the symptoms observed in our sample are similar to those reported in the literature, the frequencies observed are not. We believe that patients' clinical profile may be very diverse, giving more weight to such objective parameters as worsening of symptoms or appearance of weakness; analysis of biomarkers may bring us closer to an accurate diagnosis.
Topics: Disease Progression; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35672121
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.03.023 -
Lancet (London, England) Jul 2019
Topics: Africa; Humans; Patient Isolation; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 31305249
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31516-8 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Global Health; Humans; Pandemics; Poliomyelitis; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome; SARS-CoV-2; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
PubMed: 34175019
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2021.05.001 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023Poliomyelitis is an acute infectious disease caused by poliovirus. This bibliometric analysis aims to examine the status of poliomyelitis research in the past... (Review)
Review
Poliomyelitis is an acute infectious disease caused by poliovirus. This bibliometric analysis aims to examine the status of poliomyelitis research in the past 20 years. Information regarding polio research was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Excel were used to perform visual and bibliometric analysis with respect to countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals and keywords. A total of 5,335 publications on poliomyelitis were published from 2002 to 2021. The USA was the county with the majority of publications. Additionally, the most productive institution was the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sutter, RW produced the most papers and had the most co-citations. was the journal with the most polio-related publications and citations. The most common keywords were mainly about polio immunology research ("polio," "immunization," "children," "eradication" and "vaccine"). Our study is helpful for identifying research hotspots and providing direction for future research on poliomyelitis.
Topics: United States; Child; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Bibliometrics; Poliovirus; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 36803526
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2173905 -
Bulletin of the World Health... Dec 2023A decrease in vaccine coverage in conflict-affected areas has placed Yemen at higher risk of polio outbreaks caused by vaccine-derived poliovirus strains.
PROBLEM
A decrease in vaccine coverage in conflict-affected areas has placed Yemen at higher risk of polio outbreaks caused by vaccine-derived poliovirus strains.
APPROACH
In response to polio outbreaks, the Yemeni health ministry and partners initiated multiple vaccination campaigns to deliver vaccines to children. We also implemented several measures to enhance communication, education, health promotion and hygiene, especially in camps for internally displaced people.
LOCAL SETTING
In 2009, Yemen achieved polio-free status and maintained it until 2019. However, the ongoing political conflict since 2015, coupled with challenges in delivering the polio vaccine to conflict-affected areas, resulted in two polio outbreaks: 35 cases caused by vaccine-derived poliovirus strain 1 between 2019 and 2021, and 230 cases due to vaccine-derived poliovirus strain 2 between November 2021 and December 2022.
RELEVANT CHANGES
In response to the first outbreak, by the end of 2020, we vaccinated 7.2 million children through nationwide vaccination campaigns, except in Sa'ada governorate due to a ban by the authorities. By the end of 2021, 3 800 313 children younger than 5 years had received polio vaccines. For the second outbreak, by the end of 2022, 4 463 389 vaccines had been given to children younger than 10 years, and 1 217 423 to those younger than 5 years.
LESSONS LEARNT
Vaccination campaigns in conflict-affected areas with low vaccine coverage remain crucial in eradicating polio. Efforts are needed to reach vulnerable groups such as displaced populations. Advocacy, communication and social mobilization actions help ensure broader public inclusion and participation in vaccination efforts to prevent polio outbreaks.
Topics: Child; Humans; Yemen; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccines; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38024246
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290122 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2021Palliative care is a team-based approach focusing on relief of physical, psychosocial, and existential distress and communication about serious illness. Patients with... (Review)
Review
Palliative care is a team-based approach focusing on relief of physical, psychosocial, and existential distress and communication about serious illness. Patients with poliomyelitis and postpolio syndrome are at risk for contractures and can benefit from involvement of physical and occupational therapy. Hypersialorrhea can be treated with anticholinergic medications, botox, or radiation. Patients with dyspnea may require noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ± opioids or benzodiazepines. Constipation is often due to autonomic dysfunction and decreased mobility. There is a higher burden of anxiety. Early conversations about patients' goals and values as it relates to their health may help frame future decision-making.
Topics: Humans; Palliative Care; Poliomyelitis; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome
PubMed: 34175015
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2021.02.008