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Clinical Chemistry Sep 2020
Topics: Animals; COVID-19; Haplorhini; History, 20th Century; Humans; Pandemics; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32870989
DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa155 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2022Cases tumble in Pakistan and Afghanistan but African outbreaks now threaten eradication.
Cases tumble in Pakistan and Afghanistan but African outbreaks now threaten eradication.
Topics: Afghanistan; Africa; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Immunization Programs; Pakistan; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
PubMed: 35271326
DOI: 10.1126/science.adb1920 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... Nov 2020Pakistan and Afghanistan are the only countries where wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) is endemic (1,2). In 2019, Pakistan reported 147 WPV1 cases, approximately 12 times...
Pakistan and Afghanistan are the only countries where wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) is endemic (1,2). In 2019, Pakistan reported 147 WPV1 cases, approximately 12 times the number reported in 2018. As of September 15, 72 cases had been reported in 2020. Since 2019, WPV1 transmission has also spread from Pakistan's core poliovirus reservoirs (Karachi, Peshawar, and Quetta block) to southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Punjab, and Sindh provinces. Further, an outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2), first detected in July 2019, has caused 22 paralytic cases in 2019 and 59 as of September 15, 2020, throughout the country. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has substantially reduced delivery of polio vaccines through essential immunization (formerly routine immunization) and prevented implementation of polio supplementary immunization activities (SIAs)* during March-July 2020. This report describes Pakistan's progress in polio eradication during January 2019-September 2020 and updates previous reports (1,3,4). The Pakistan polio program has reinitiated SIAs and will need large, intensive, high-quality campaigns with strategic use of available oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) to control the surge and widespread transmission of WPV1 and cVDPV2.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Eradication; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Infant; Pakistan; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccines; Population Surveillance; Vaccination
PubMed: 33211676
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6946a5 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Guatemala implemented wastewater-based poliovirus surveillance in 2018, and three genetically unrelated vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were detected in 2019. The... (Review)
Review
Guatemala implemented wastewater-based poliovirus surveillance in 2018, and three genetically unrelated vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were detected in 2019. The Ministry of Health (MoH) response included event investigation through institutional and community retrospective case searches for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) during 2018-2020 and a bivalent oral polio/measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination campaign in September 2019. This response was reviewed by an international expert team in July 2021. During the campaign, 93% of children 6 months <7 years of age received a polio-containing vaccine dose. No AFP cases were detected in the community search; institutional retrospective searches found 37% of unreported AFP cases in 2018‒2020. No additional VDPV was isolated from wastewater. No evidence of circulating VDPV was found; the 3 isolated VDPVs were classified as ambiguous VDPVs by the international team of experts. These detections highlight risk for poliomyelitis reemergence in countries with low polio vaccine coverage.
Topics: Child; Humans; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Wastewater; Guatemala; Retrospective Studies; Poliomyelitis; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37486156
DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.230236 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Sep 2022A 73-year-old man presented with muscle weakness and atrophy of his right arm. Atrophy of his left brachia and left calf had occurred 13 years before without any...
A 73-year-old man presented with muscle weakness and atrophy of his right arm. Atrophy of his left brachia and left calf had occurred 13 years before without any improvement or deterioration. His sister and cousin had a history of paralytic poliomyelitis. Serum poliovirus type 2 neutralizing antibody was elevated to 128×. Electromyography revealed chronic denervation potentials not only in the muscles affected previously but also in the unaffected muscles. Acute and chronic denervation potentials were found in the newly affected muscle. Postpolio syndrome should be considered in patients with unilateral muscular atrophy even when they have no history of paralytic poliomyelitis.
Topics: Aged; Electromyography; Humans; Male; Muscular Atrophy; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome
PubMed: 35249915
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7985-21 -
Bulletin of the World Health... Nov 2019
Topics: Global Health; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Public Health; Universal Health Insurance; Vaccination
PubMed: 31673186
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.19.011119 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Poliomyelitis; Vaccination
PubMed: 36730798
DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.20236 -
Malawi Medical Journal : the Journal of... Sep 2022
Topics: Humans; Malawi; Poliomyelitis; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 36406100
DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v34i3.14 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus
PubMed: 37468140
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p1605 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2020Regions with insufficient vaccination have hindered worldwide poliomyelitis eradication, as they are vulnerable to sporadic outbreaks through reintroduction of the...
Regions with insufficient vaccination have hindered worldwide poliomyelitis eradication, as they are vulnerable to sporadic outbreaks through reintroduction of the disease. Despite Israel's having been declared polio-free in 1988, a routine sewage surveillance program detected polio in 2013. To curtail transmission, the Israel Ministry of Health launched a vaccine campaign to vaccinate children-who had only received the inactivated polio vaccine-with the oral polio vaccine (OPV). Determining the degree of prosocial motivation in vaccination behavior is challenging because vaccination typically provides direct benefits to the individual as well as indirect benefits to the community by curtailing transmission. However, the Israel OPV campaign provides a unique and excellent opportunity to quantify and model prosocial vaccination as its primary objective was to avert transmission. Using primary survey data and a game-theoretical model, we examine and quantify prosocial behavior during the OPV campaign. We found that the observed vaccination behavior in the Israeli OPV campaign is attributable to prosocial behavior and heterogeneous perceived risk of paralysis based on the individual's comprehension of the prosocial nature of the campaign. We also found that the benefit of increasing comprehension of the prosocial nature of the campaign would be limited if even 24% of the population acts primarily from self-interest, as greater vaccination coverage provides no personal utility to them. Our results suggest that to improve coverage, communication efforts should also focus on alleviating perceived fears surrounding the vaccine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Altruism; Child; Disease Outbreaks; Game Theory; Humans; Immunization Programs; Israel; Mass Vaccination; Middle Aged; Models, Neurological; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Sewage; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vaccination Coverage; Young Adult
PubMed: 32457142
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922746117