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Expert Review of Vaccines Jul 2020Over the last 20 years (2000-2019) the partners of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) invested in the development and application of mathematical models of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Over the last 20 years (2000-2019) the partners of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) invested in the development and application of mathematical models of poliovirus transmission as well as economics, policy, and risk analyses of polio endgame risk management options, including policies related to poliovirus vaccine use during the polio endgame.
AREAS COVERED
This review provides a historical record of the polio studies published by the three modeling groups that primarily performed the bulk of this work. This review also systematically evaluates the polio transmission and health economic modeling papers published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2019, highlights differences in approaches and methods, shows the geographic coverage of the transmission modeling performed, identified common themes, and discusses instances of similar or conflicting insights or recommendations.
EXPERT OPINION
Polio modeling performed during the last 20 years substantially impacted polio vaccine choices, immunization policies, and the polio eradication pathway. As the polio endgame continues, national preferences for polio vaccine formulations and immunization strategies will likely continue to change. Future modeling will likely provide important insights about their cost-effectiveness and their relative benefits with respect to controlling polio and potentially achieving and maintaining eradication.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Global Health; Humans; Immunization Programs; Models, Economic; Models, Theoretical; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccines; Risk Management; Vaccination
PubMed: 32741232
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1791093 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2021Acute poliomyelitis is now extremely rare in the United States. Worldwide there are still sporadic outbreaks, which are typically treated with acute inoculation... (Review)
Review
Acute poliomyelitis is now extremely rare in the United States. Worldwide there are still sporadic outbreaks, which are typically treated with acute inoculation programs. Although polio has effectively been eradicated, the full scope of the disease and its myriad manifestations both in the acute phase and in the postpolio syndrome phase, remain areas of fertile research, debate, and stimulating topics.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Electromyography; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome
PubMed: 34175011
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2021.02.005 -
Journal of Theoretical Biology Aug 2020Poliomyelitis is a worldwide disease that has nearly been eradicated thanks to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Nevertheless, the disease is currently still...
Poliomyelitis is a worldwide disease that has nearly been eradicated thanks to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Nevertheless, the disease is currently still endemic in three countries. In this paper, we incorporate the vaccination in a two age-class model of polio dynamics. Our main objective is to see whether mandatory vaccination policy is needed or if polio could be almost eradicated by a voluntary vaccination. We perform game theoretical analysis and compare the herd immunity vaccination levels with the Nash equilibrium vaccination levels. We show that the gap between two vaccination levels is too large. We conclude that the mandatory vaccination policy is therefore needed to achieve a complete eradication.
Topics: Blood Transfusion; Disease Eradication; Global Health; Humans; Policy; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Vaccination
PubMed: 32371008
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110298 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Sep 2021
Topics: Afghanistan; Disease Eradication; Humans; Pakistan; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus
PubMed: 34450070
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00488-6 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Dec 2021
Topics: Afghanistan; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Vaccination
PubMed: 34857517
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2935 -
Lancet (London, England) Jan 2021
Topics: Afghanistan; COVID-19; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Eradication; Female; Global Health; Humans; Immunization Programs; Male; Pandemics; Poliomyelitis; Warfare
PubMed: 33422251
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00030-1 -
Lancet (London, England) Jan 2021
Topics: Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Infant; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
PubMed: 33308426
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32629-5 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jan 2021
Topics: Disease Eradication; Global Health; Humans; Immunization Programs; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 35157692
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.890 -
Medecine Tropicale Et Sante... Jun 2021In 2019, the Central African Republic identified foci of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 (PVDV2c). The objective of this work is to describe the vaccination...
OBJECTIVE
In 2019, the Central African Republic identified foci of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 (PVDV2c). The objective of this work is to describe the vaccination status of children paralyzed by PVDV2c and their contacts and to assess the circulation of this strain in these contacts.
PATIENTS AND METHOD
The study population of this retrospective survey consists of children with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and their contacts. We included paralyzed children whose sequencing results showed the presence of PVDV2c.
RESULTS
A total of 21 children paralyzed by PVDVc and 64 contacts were enrolled in the survey. Fourteen out of 21 children who are paralyzed (66%) received at least one dose of bivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) compared to 36 out of 64 contacts (57%, non-significant difference). Of the vaccinated patients, 7 had received less than three doses. For the injectable polio vaccine (IPV), vaccination coverage for both patients and contacts was 33%.The proportion of children who received both doses of OPV and IPV was 33% among patients and 25% in contacts. Contacts with VDPV2 were vaccinated with OPV and IPV, respectively 55 and 27%. VDPV2 and Sabin 2 were also found in contact stools, 34% and 9% respectively.
CONCLUSION
The absence or inadequacy of IPV vaccination has a serious impact on children by the occurrence of virus derived from the vaccine responsible for life-old paralysis. Protecting children from poliomyelitis requires a combination of a good cold chain, multiple doses and adherence to the vaccine schedule.
Topics: Central African Republic; Child; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35586583
DOI: 10.48327/mtsibulletin.2021.114 -
Indian Pediatrics Jun 2020
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Pandemics; Poliomyelitis; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32393679
DOI: No ID Found