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Food Microbiology Oct 2019This study evaluated the effects of ε-Polylysine and ice storage on microbiota composition and quality attributes of Pacific white shrimp stored at 0 °C. The...
This study evaluated the effects of ε-Polylysine and ice storage on microbiota composition and quality attributes of Pacific white shrimp stored at 0 °C. The sensorial shelf-life of control, 0.1% ε-Polylysine treated group, and ice stored group were 5, 8, and 7 days, respectively. Microbiota composition was explored by the Illumina-MiSeq high throughput sequencing targeting of 16S rRNA genes. At the time of sensory rejection, Pseudoalteromonas, followed by Candidatus Bacilloplama and Psychromonas, were the dominant microbiota in spoiled control samples on day 5. However, 0.1% ε-Polylysine inhibited the growth of Pseudoalteromonas and Psychromonas. Consequently, Candidatus Bacilloplama followed by Aliivibrio became the dominant microbiota in the ε-Polylysine treated group on day 8. Meanwhile, Aliivibrio, followed by Moritella and Pseudoalteromonas were the dominant microbiota in ice stored samples on day 7. Furthermore, due to the modulating effect of ε-Polylysine and ice storage on microbiota, chemical changes of the treated groups were slower, which was reflected as lower concentrations of total volatile basic nitrogen, putrescine, cadaverine, and hypoxanthine, and higher contents of inosine 5'-monophosphate and hypoxanthine riboside at the end of storage. In conclusion, ε-Polylysine and ice storage altered the microbiota composition and delayed quality deterioration of Pacific white shrimp.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Food Storage; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Ice; Microbiota; Nitrogen; Penaeidae; Polylysine; Putrescine; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seafood
PubMed: 31202416
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.04.007 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology May 2024Approximately 80 percent of the total RNA in cells is ribosomal RNA (rRNA), making it an abundant and inexpensive natural source of long, single-stranded nucleic acid,...
Approximately 80 percent of the total RNA in cells is ribosomal RNA (rRNA), making it an abundant and inexpensive natural source of long, single-stranded nucleic acid, which could be used as raw material for the fabrication of molecular origami. In this study, we demonstrate efficient and robust construction of 2D and 3D origami nanostructures utilizing cellular rRNA as a scaffold and DNA oligonucleotide staples. We present calibrated protocols for the robust folding of contiguous shapes from one or two rRNA subunits that are efficient to allow folding using crude extracts of total RNA. We also show that RNA maintains stability within the folded structure. Lastly, we present a novel and comprehensive analysis and insights into the stability of RNA:DNA origami nanostructures and demonstrate their enhanced stability when coated with polylysine-polyethylene glycol in different temperatures, low Mg concentrations, human serum, and in the presence of nucleases (DNase I or RNase H). Thus, laying the foundation for their potential implementation in emerging biomedical applications, where folding rRNA into stable structures outside and inside cells would be desired.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nanostructures; Humans; RNA Folding; DNA; Polylysine; Polyethylene Glycols
PubMed: 38698435
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02489-2 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Nov 2022Inspired by the phenol-amine chemistry and biomineralization of insect cuticles, we developed a green and facile strategy for preparing a bio-adhesive with excellent...
Inspired by the phenol-amine chemistry and biomineralization of insect cuticles, we developed a green and facile strategy for preparing a bio-adhesive with excellent adhesion properties, mildew resistance, and antibacterial activity. This biomimetic strategy incorporates functional catechol-modified ε-polylysine and vanillin via grafting and Schiff base reactions. The biomineralized cellulose nanocrystals were prepared using a cellulose nanocrystal bio-template by regulating the in-situ biomineralization of inorganic nanoparticles, thereby building an optimized organic-inorganic mineralization framework in the polymer. The bonding strength of composite adhesive was significantly improved by multiple cross-linking networks through sacrificial hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and dynamic covalent bonds. The adhesion strength of the composite adhesive reached 1.13 MPa, which was 151% higher than the pristine adhesive. As a result of the synergistic effect of the catechol component, cationic ε-polylysine, and aldehyde group, the bio-adhesive also exhibited favorable anti-mildew and anti-bacterial properties.
Topics: Adhesives; Amines; Catechols; Cellulose; Nanoparticles; Polylysine
PubMed: 36087967
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119892 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Oct 2022The limited availability of bioinks has hindered the application of 3D bioprinting to tissue engineering, and bacterial infection is a serious threat to these...
The limited availability of bioinks has hindered the application of 3D bioprinting to tissue engineering, and bacterial infection is a serious threat to these applications. Aiming to solve this problem, a novel ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL)-derived antibacterial bioink has been developed for 3D bioprinting and tissue-engineering applications. Three glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-modified EPL products, EPLGMA-1, EPLGMA-2, and EPLGMA-3, were prepared by reacting 3, 4, and 5 mL GMA with 5 g EPL, respectively. EPLGMA-1, EPLGMA-2, and EPLGMA-3 were photocurable and their corresponding photo-crosslinked hydrogels, EPLGMA-1H, EPLGMA-2H, and EPLGMA-3H, all exhibited very high antibacterial rates, good biocompatibility, good degradability, and promising mechanical properties. After EPLGMA-1H, EPLGMA-2H, and EPLGMA-3H with encapsulated chondrocytes were incubated for 4 weeks, EPLGMA-3H was the best one among them for tissue-engineering applications due to its most efficient tissue regeneration. Carrying chondrocytes, the EPLGMA-3 solution was printed into hydrogel products with high-fidelity shapes and high cell viability using a projection-based 3D bioprinter. Following the implantation of chondrocyte-loaded EPLGMA-3H samples into nude mice for 4 weeks, cartilage-like tissue was regenerated, suggesting that EPLGMA-3 is a promising antibacterial bioink for 3D bioprinting and tissue-engineering applications.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Bioprinting; Polylysine; Tissue Scaffolds; Mice, Nude; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Hydrogels; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36134908
DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02800f -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023A feasible approach to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of ε-polylysine (PL) in applications is to form delivery complexes with delicate structures and good...
ε-Polylysine and soybean protein isolate form nanoscale to microscale electrostatic complexes in solution: properties, interactions and as antimicrobial edible coatings on citrus.
A feasible approach to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of ε-polylysine (PL) in applications is to form delivery complexes with delicate structures and good dispersion properties. This work aims to study the multiscale structures, properties and interactions, and edible coating applications of the electrostatic complex formed by PL and soy protein isolate (SPI). When the mass ratio of SPI to PL (SE) was between 5 and 15, especially 11, microscale solid-liquid phase separation occurred in the system due to the small absolute zeta potential. When the SE was in the range of 15-20, the system formed a stable nanoscale suspension, the average particle size and zeta potential were 191 nm and -20 mV, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the complexes were investigated including the colloidal properties, spectroscopy and interactions analysis, viscosity, contact angle, and antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Penicillium expansum. Finally, the in vivo application on citrus demonstrated that the nanoscale PL/SPI electrostatic complex (SE = 20) as functional coatings has both barrier and antimicrobial activities. The study provides a novel application strategy for PL and nanoscale electrostatic complexes as postharvest coatings.
Topics: Polylysine; Soybean Proteins; Edible Films; Static Electricity; Citrus; Anti-Infective Agents; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 37652339
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126616 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jan 2023The Maillard reaction is a promising and safe method for obtaining chitooligosaccharide conjugates with proteins or peptides as food preservatives. This study aims to...
BACKGROUND
The Maillard reaction is a promising and safe method for obtaining chitooligosaccharide conjugates with proteins or peptides as food preservatives. This study aims to investigate the moisture state, physicochemical properties, and shelf-life of sea bass fillets treated with ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), which are Maillard reaction products (LC-MRPs), during refrigerated storage.
RESULTS
The results of microbiological analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed that LC-MRPs could retard microbial growth effectively. Compared with control, other treated groups could strongly retard the increase in the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, the K-value and the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value, and also inhibited the softening of texture and the accumulation of biogenic amines in fish. The results of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicate that LC-MRPs could delay the water migration of fillets and increase water holding capacity (WHC). Through sensory evaluation, the application of LC-MRPs increased the shelf-life of refrigerated sea bass fillets for another 9 days.
CONCLUSION
Maillard reaction products derived from chitooligosaccharides and ε-polylysine have strong potential for preserving sea bass. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Animals; Bass; Polylysine; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Water; Food Storage; Food Preservation
PubMed: 35848059
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12125 -
Acta Biomaterialia Mar 2021Macrophage polarization is one of the main factors contributing to the proinflammatory milieu of transplanted islets. It causes significant islet loss. Bilirubin...
Macrophage polarization is one of the main factors contributing to the proinflammatory milieu of transplanted islets. It causes significant islet loss. Bilirubin exhibits protective effects during the islet transplantation process, but the mode of delivering drugs along with the islet graft has not yet been developed. In addition, it remains unclear whether bilirubin or its derivatives can modulate macrophage polarization during islet transplantation. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an ε-polylysine-bilirubin conjugate (PLL-BR) to encapsulate the islets for protection and to explore its macrophage modulation activities. In in vitro studies, the PLL-BR was shown to tightly adhere to the islet surface. It also exhibited enhanced cytoprotective effects against oxidative and inflammatory conditions by promoting M2-type macrophage polarization. In in vivo studies, the PLL-BR-protected islets successfully prolonged the euglycemia period in diabetic mice and accelerated the blood glucose clearance rate by maintaining the insulin secretion function. Compared to the untreated islets, the PLL-BR-encapsulated islets induced anti-inflammatory responses that were characterized by elevated levels of M2 macrophage markers and local vascularization. In conclusion, PLL-BR can be used as a tool for reprograming macrophage polarization while providing a more efficient immune protection for transplanted islets. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Macrophage polarization is one main factor that caused significant loss of transplanted islets. Bilirubin possesses protective effects toward pancreatic islet, but how to deliver the drug along with the islet graft has not yet been harnessed. More importantly, whether bilirubin or its derivatives could modulate macrophage polarization during the host rejections has also not been answered. In this study, we developed an ε-polylysine-bilirubin conjugate (PLL-BR) to encapsulate the islets and explore its role in macrophage modulation activities. PLL-BR could attach to the surface of islets and exerted high oxidation resistance and anti-inflammatory effect. For the first time, we demonstrate that bilirubin and its derivatives effectively promoted the M2-type macrophage polarization, and optimize the immune microenvironment for islets survival and function.
Topics: Animals; Bilirubin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Islets of Langerhans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Macrophages; Mice; Polylysine
PubMed: 33387663
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.047 -
Food Chemistry Nov 2023The high water-soluble films are commonly used in food coating and food encapsulation. In this study, the effect of Aloe vera gel (AV) and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) on the...
The high water-soluble films are commonly used in food coating and food encapsulation. In this study, the effect of Aloe vera gel (AV) and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) on the comprehensive properties of films based on guar gum (GG) were investigated. When GG to AV was 8:2, the GG:AV:ε-PL composite films (water solubility = 68.50%) had an 82.42% higher water solubility than pure guar gum (PGG) films (water solubility = 37.55%). Compared with PGG films, the composite films more transparent, better thermal stability and elongation at break. X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis showed the composite films were amorphous structures and the AV and ε-PL did not change the structure of PGG. FITR analysis confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds within the composite films. Antibacterial properties showed the composite films had a good antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the composite films can be a new option of high water-soluble antibacterial food packaging materials.
Topics: Polylysine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Water; Aloe
PubMed: 37385057
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136686 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Feb 2020Corneal wound healing after a trauma or a chemical injury has been shown to correlate with antioxidant levels at the ocular surface. However, ocular bioavailability of...
Corneal wound healing after a trauma or a chemical injury has been shown to correlate with antioxidant levels at the ocular surface. However, ocular bioavailability of efficient antioxidants (e.g. ferulic acid) after topical administration is limited by their poor solubility, low stability and short residence time. The aim of this work was to formulate ferulic acid in a nanocomposite platform composed of nanogels and micelles for efficient delivery to cornea. Solubility enhancement factor of ferulic acid was found to be equal to 1.9 ± 0.3 and 3.4 ± 0.3 for 50 and 100 mg/ml Pluronic® F68 micellar solutions. Hyaluronan was added to blank and ferulic acid loaded micelles, and then cross-linked with ε-polylysine. Hyaluronan nanogels showed dimensions of ~300 nm with positive zeta potential values. The formulations were characterized in terms of rheological behavior, biocompatibility, wound healing properties, ferulic acid release pattern and penetration into excised bovine corneas. In comparison to Pluronic® micelles that released ferulic acid rapidly, micelle-nanogel composites sustained the release up to 2 days. Furthermore, the micelle-nanogel formulation favored in vitro wound closure promoting fibroblasts growth and ex vivo accumulation of ferulic acid into both healthy and damaged corneas (>100 µg/cm).
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Animals; Cattle; Cell Line; Cornea; Coumaric Acids; Cross-Linking Reagents; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Liberation; Fibroblasts; Free Radical Scavengers; Hyaluronic Acid; Kinetics; Mice; Micelles; Nanogels; Poloxamer; Polylysine; Solubility; Wound Healing
PubMed: 31870956
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118986 -
International Journal of Food... Feb 2023Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris has great influence on the quality of apple juice products. In this study, the antibacterial activity of five preservatives...
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris has great influence on the quality of apple juice products. In this study, the antibacterial activity of five preservatives (ε-polylysine, propylparaben, monocaprin, octyl gallate and heptylparaben) against A. acidoterrestris and its underlying mechanism were investigated. Results showed that these five preservatives all exerted antibacterial activity through a multiple bactericidal mechanism, and monocaprin and octyl gallate had the highest antibacterial activity, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 22.5 and 6.25 mg/L, respectively. Five preservatives all changed the permeability of the cell membrane and destroyed the complete cell morphology, with the leakages of the intracellular electrolytes. Moreover, the treatment of ε-polylysine, propylparaben and monocaprin increased the leakage of intracellular protein; propylparaben and octyl gallate reduced the levels of cellular adenosine triphosphate. Also, monocaprin and octyl gallate may stimulate bacteria to release a large amount of reactive oxygen species, so that certain oxidative damage can kill the bacteria. Furthermore, monocaprin and octyl gallate could effectively inactivate the contamination of A. acidoterrestris in apple juices, with the slightly decrease of soluble sugars and organic acids, without significant adverse effects on total sugars and titratable acids. This research highlights the great promise of using monocaprin and octyl gallate as the safe multi-functionalized food additives for food preservations.
Topics: Malus; Polylysine; Alicyclobacillus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Beverages; Spores, Bacterial
PubMed: 36473316
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110039