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International Journal of Biological... Sep 2019Antimicrobial bio-nanocomposite films were prepared by incorporating nisin (0.25-0.5% W/W) and ε-polylysine (PL, 0.2% W/W) into corn distarch phosphate/nanocrystalline...
Antimicrobial bio-nanocomposite films were prepared by incorporating nisin (0.25-0.5% W/W) and ε-polylysine (PL, 0.2% W/W) into corn distarch phosphate/nanocrystalline cellulose based films (CN) via casting method. Nisin and PL had significant effects on color parameters (L*, a*, b* and ∆E*) and improved the mechanical, barrier properties, thermal stability of the films. The CN bio-nanocomposite films incorporation the combination of nisin and PL had synergistic antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). Structural property assessment by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that a clear interaction between the hydroxyl groups of corn distarch phosphate and the amino groups of nisin and PL, leading to the microstructure of the CN bio-nanocomposite films with appropriate content of nisin and PL was more continuous and compact. These results indicate that the CN bio-nanocomposite films containing nisin and PL is a potential active packaging material with enhanced physicochemical properties in food industry.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cellulose; Color; Escherichia coli; Food Packaging; Mechanical Phenomena; Nanocomposites; Nisin; Polylysine; Staphylococcus aureus; Starch; Surface Properties; Temperature; Zea mays
PubMed: 31228501
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.134 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Oct 2023The choice of the antimicrobial agent and finishing process is very important for the activity, durability, and safety of antimicrobial fabrics. Here, a novel...
The choice of the antimicrobial agent and finishing process is very important for the activity, durability, and safety of antimicrobial fabrics. Here, a novel antimicrobial cotton fabric (HPL-CF) was constructed by covalently bonding an antimicrobial agent, hyperbranched polylysine (HPL), onto the surface of a cotton fabric (CF) pretreated with a silane coupling agent, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTMS). The multiple amino groups contained in the periphery of HPL make it possible to react with the CF to form multiple bonds, which is beneficial to improve the durability and safety of HPL-CFs. The obtained HPL-CFs exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against (, Gram-negative bacteria), (, Gram-positive bacteria), and (, fungi) even when the CF was treated with HPL solution at the concentration of 0.5 wt %. HPL-CFs maintained 98, >99, and >99% of antimicrobial ratios for , , and , respectively, after 50 equiv of domestic laundering cycles, surpassing the requirements of the AAA class. The halo method, cell compatibility, and skin irritation assays all prove the fine safety of HPL-CFs. This work demonstrates the great advantages of applying HPL in the antimicrobial finishing of fabrics.
Topics: Polylysine; Cotton Fiber; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Metal Nanoparticles; Anti-Infective Agents; Candida albicans; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37792694
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10587 -
Journal of Tissue Engineering and... Mar 2022After an injury, soft tissue structures in the body undergo a natural healing process through specific phases of healing. Adhesions occur as abnormal attachments between...
After an injury, soft tissue structures in the body undergo a natural healing process through specific phases of healing. Adhesions occur as abnormal attachments between tissues and organs through the formation of blood vessels and/or fibrinous adhesions during the regenerative repair process. In this study, we developed an adhesion-preventing membrane with an improved physical protection function by modifying the surface of chondrocyte-derived extracellular matrices (CECM) with anti-adhesion function. We attempted to change the negative charge of the CECM surface to neutral using poly-L-lysine (PLL) and investigated whether it blocked fibroblast adhesion to it and showed an improved anti-adhesion effect in animal models of tissue adhesion. The surface of the membrane was modified with PLL coating (PLL 10), which neutralized the surface charge. We confirmed that the surface characteristics except for the potential difference were maintained after the modification and tested cell attachment in vitro. Adhesion inhibition was identified in a peritoneal adhesion animal model at 1 week and in a subcutaneous adhesion model for 4 weeks. Neutralized CECM (N-CECM) suppressed fibroblast and endothelial cell adhesion in vitro and inhibited abdominal adhesions in vivo. The CECM appeared to actively inhibit the infiltration of endothelial cells into the injured site, thereby suppressing adhesion formation, which differed from conventional adhesion barriers in the mode of action. Furthermore, the N-CECM remained intact without degradation for more than 4 weeks in vivo and exerted anti-adhesion effects for a long time. This study demonstrated that PLL10 surface modification rendered a neutral charge to the polymer on the extracellular matrix surface, thereby inhibiting cell and tissue adhesion. Furthermore, this study suggests a means to modify extracellular matrix surfaces to meet the specific requirements of the target tissue in preventing post-surgical adhesions.
Topics: Adhesives; Animals; Chondrocytes; Endothelial Cells; Extracellular Matrix; Polylysine; Tissue Adhesions
PubMed: 34788485
DOI: 10.1002/term.3263 -
ChemMedChem Aug 2021The C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN mediates interactions with envelope glycoproteins of many viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, ebola, and HIV and contributes to virus...
The C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN mediates interactions with envelope glycoproteins of many viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, ebola, and HIV and contributes to virus internalization and dissemination. In the context of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, involvement of DC-SIGN has been linked to severe cases of COVID-19. Inhibition of the interaction between DC-SIGN and viral glycoproteins has the potential to generate broad spectrum antiviral agents. Here, we demonstrate that mannose-functionalized poly-l-lysine glycoconjugates efficiently inhibit the attachment of viral glycoproteins to DC-SIGN-presenting cells with picomolar affinity. Treatment of these cells leads to prolonged receptor internalization and inhibition of virus binding for up to 6 h. Furthermore, the polymers are fully bio-compatible and readily cleared by target cells. The thermodynamic analysis of the multivalent interactions reveals enhanced enthalpy-driven affinities and promising perspectives for the future development of multivalent therapeutics.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Glycoconjugates; Humans; Lectins, C-Type; Mannose; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polylysine; Protein Binding; Receptors, Cell Surface; SARS-CoV-2; THP-1 Cells; Thermodynamics; Viral Envelope Proteins; Virus Attachment
PubMed: 34061468
DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100348 -
International Journal of Biological... Sep 2021Developing a wound dressing for the treatment of large and irregular-shaped wounds remains a great challenge. Herein we developed novel printable bionic hydrogels with...
Developing a wound dressing for the treatment of large and irregular-shaped wounds remains a great challenge. Herein we developed novel printable bionic hydrogels with antibacterial and antioxidant properties which could effectively overcome the challenge by inhibiting inflammation and accelerating wound healing. The CMC/PL (CP) hydrogels were customized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) modified carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) via ultraviolet (UV) light polymerization using a 3D printer. Except for the high compression modulus (238 kPa), stable rheological properties, and effective degradability, these CP hydrogels also had an excellent inhibitory effect (95%) on both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Remarkably, CP hydrogels could remove the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect the fibroblasts from damage. Compared with the commercial dressing (Tegaderm ™ film), CP hydrogels showed a better ability to increase the expression of VEGF and CD31, accelerate granulation tissue regeneration, and promote wound healing. This work provides a new strategy to fabricate on-demand multi-functional hydrogels in the field of skin tissue engineering.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Cellulose; Escherichia coli; Hydrogels; Mice; NIH 3T3 Cells; Polylysine; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin; Staphylococcus aureus; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34298048
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.115 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Sep 2022With the rapid growth of fungal infections and the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) fungal strains, new antifungals with novel mechanisms are a pressing need to...
With the rapid growth of fungal infections and the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) fungal strains, new antifungals with novel mechanisms are a pressing need to tackle this emerging health problem. Herein it is reported for the first time that hyperbranched polylysine (HPL) shows antifungal activities against Candida, especially for drug-sensitive and MDR C. albicans strains, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The high antimicrobial activities are ascribed to the high charge density and compact size of the globular structure of HPL. The in vitro antifungal activities of HPL3 are further enhanced by the modification of amine groups to form guanylated polylysines (HPL3-Gxs). Similar to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), HPLs and HPL3-Gxs interact with and lyse the membranes of microbes, which mitigates the emergence of drug resistance. HPLs and HPL3-Gxs demonstrate excellent in vivo antimicrobial efficacies against both lethal C. albicans challenge in the invasive candidiasis model and lethal Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus challenge in the peritonitis model, and have potentials as broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
Topics: Amines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polylysine
PubMed: 35775877
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201091 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Jan 2023Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used in dentistry, including as a denture base material. However, the colonization of a PMMA surface by microbial...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used in dentistry, including as a denture base material. However, the colonization of a PMMA surface by microbial microorganisms could increase the risk of oral diseases such as denture stomatitis and gingivitis. The development of PMMA with antibacterial properties should improve its clinical application, but whether adding ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) provides antimicrobial effects is unclear.
PURPOSE
This in vitro study aimed to develop a novel antibacterial PMMA resin containing the natural nontoxic antibacterial agent ε-PL and the protein repellent agent MPC. The mechanical properties, protein repellency, and antimicrobial activities of the resin were then evaluated.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Different mass fractions of ε-PL and MPC were mixed into PMMA as the experimental groups, with unaltered PMMA as the control group. The flexural strength (n=10) and surface roughness (n=6) of the resulting mixtures were measured to determine their mechanical properties. The antiprotein properties were measured by using the micro bicinchoninic acid method (n=6). The antimicrobial effect of the resin was assessed using live/dead staining (n=6) and methyltransferase (MTT) assays (n=10). According to the variance homogeneity and normal distribution results, 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference test or the Welch test and the Games-Howell test were used (α=.05 for all tests).
RESULTS
No significant differences were found in the flexural strength values and surface roughness of the specimens containing 1.5% MPC and 1.5% ε-PL compared with those of the control (P>.05). The addition of ε-PL to the PMMA resin alone significantly increased its bactericidal properties (P<.05). Adding both ε-PL and MPC further increased the antibacterial activity of the PMMA resin without increasing protein adhesion more than in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The incorporation of both ε-PL and MPC into PMMA improved its antibacterial capacity without affecting its mechanical properties and did not increase protein adhesion. Therefore, the novel PMMA fabricated in this study shows promise for dental applications.
Topics: Polymethyl Methacrylate; Polylysine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Methacrylates; Phosphorylcholine; Materials Testing; Denture Bases; Surface Properties
PubMed: 36476985
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.11.009 -
Biomaterials Science Nov 2023Invasive fungal infections pose a crucial threat to public health and are an under-recognized component of antimicrobial resistance, which is an emerging crisis...
Invasive fungal infections pose a crucial threat to public health and are an under-recognized component of antimicrobial resistance, which is an emerging crisis worldwide. Here we designed and synthesized a panel of multi-arm ε-polylysines (ε-mPLs, R-K) with a precise number of = 3-6 arms of ε-oligo(L-lysine)s and a precise arm length of = 3-7 ε-lysine residues. ε-mPLs have good biocompatibility and exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities towards , and species, and their antifungal activities increased with residue arm length. Among these ε-mPLs, 3R-K7 showed high antifungal activity against with a MIC value of as low as 24 μg mL (only 1/16th that of ε-PL) and also exhibited similar antifungal activity towards the clinically isolated multi-drug resistant (MDR) strain. Furthermore, 3R-K7 could inhibit the formation of biofilms and kill the cells within mature biofilms. Mechanistic studies proved that 3R-K7 killed fungal cells by entering the cells to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce cell apoptosis. An study showed that 3R-K7 significantly increased the survival rate of mice in a systemic murine candidiasis model, demonstrating that ε-mPL has great potential as a new antifungal agent.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Polylysine; Candidiasis; Candida albicans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Biofilms
PubMed: 37823351
DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01233f -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2023Drug delivery systems require that carrier materials have good biocompatibility, degradability, and constructability. Poly(amino acids), a substance with a distinctive...
Drug delivery systems require that carrier materials have good biocompatibility, degradability, and constructability. Poly(amino acids), a substance with a distinctive secondary structure, not only have the basic features of the carrier materials but also have several reactive functional groups in the side chain, which can be employed as drug carriers to deliver anticancer drugs. The conformation of isomers of drug carriers has some influence on the preparation, morphology, and efficacy of nanoparticles. In this study, two isomers of polylysine, including ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and α-polylysine (α-PL), were used as drug carriers to entrap methotrexate (MTX) and construct nano-drug delivery systems. ε-PL/MTX nanoparticles with the morphology of helical nanorods presented a small particle size (115.0 nm), and relative high drug loading content (57.8 %). The anticancer effect of ε-PL/MTX nanoparticles was 1.3-fold and 2.6-fold stronger than that of α-PL/MTX nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, respectively. ε-PL is an ideal drug carrier with potential clinical application prospects.
Topics: Methotrexate; Polylysine; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Carriers; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37037095
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114662 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune chronic disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite numerous studies...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune chronic disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite numerous studies conducted, valid biomarkers enabling a definitive diagnosis of MS are not yet available. The aim of our study was to identify a marker from a blood sample to ease the diagnosis of MS. In this study, since there is evidence connecting the serotonin pathway to MS, we used an ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) to detect serum MS-specific auto-antibodies (auto-Ab) against the extracellular loop 1 (ECL-1) of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtype 2A (5-HT2A). We utilized an ELISA format employing poly-D-lysine as a pre-coating agent. The binding of 208 serum samples from controls, both healthy and pathological, and of 104 serum samples from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients was tested. We observed that the serum-binding activity in control cohort sera, including those with autoimmune and neurological diseases, was ten times lower compared to the RRMS patient cohort ( = 1.2 × 10), with a sensitivity and a specificity of 98% and 100%, respectively. These results show that in the serum of patients with MS there are auto-Ab against the serotonin receptor type 2A which can be successfully used in the diagnosis of MS due to their high sensitivity and specificity.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Central Nervous System; Antibodies; Hematologic Tests; Biomarkers; Polylysine
PubMed: 38338973
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031696