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Critical Care Nursing QuarterlyHypertension has been shown to have long-term cardiovascular effects if left untreated. Hypertension also has been shown to affect women during pregnancy, which can be...
Hypertension has been shown to have long-term cardiovascular effects if left untreated. Hypertension also has been shown to affect women during pregnancy, which can be detrimental not only to the patient but also to the fetus. Early identification and treatment are paramount to prevent adverse outcomes. This article details the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of essential hypertension in women, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Pre-Eclampsia; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
PubMed: 37684733
DOI: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000480 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Oct 2021
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Hypertension; Prehypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 34709292
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210702 -
West African Journal of Medicine Jul 2021Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and has been found to track from childhood to adulthood with long term cardiovascular and renal complications....
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and has been found to track from childhood to adulthood with long term cardiovascular and renal complications. Hence early detection and control in children and adolescents is crucial. This study was conceived to add to the body of evidence on the blood pressure pattern; the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension among primary and secondary school children in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
METHODS
A total of 1,117 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years were recruited into this study from 16 schools (10 primary and 6 secondary schools in Port Harcourt) using a stratified, multistage sampling technique. The average of three blood pressure measurements was taken by the auscultatory method using the standard technique. The weight and height of the subjects were measured using a weighing scale and stadiometer respectively and body mass index (BMI) for age and sex obtained. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.
RESULTS
The overall mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of subjects was 98.6±9.8mmHg while the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 57.2±8.8mmHg. The females had a significantly higher SBP than males (p<0.01), there was however no significant gender difference in the DBP. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the subjects showed a gradual increase with age. Fifty-one (4.3%) subjects had prehypertension (elevated blood pressure) while 52(4.4%) had hypertension. Majority of the hypertensive patients (92.3%) had stage 1 hypertension while 7.7% had stage 2 hypertension. Hypertension was more prevalent in females than males (p<0.001) and overweight/obese children compared to the normal weight and underweight children (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in children and adolescents is high with overweight and obesity being associated risk factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Nigeria; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 34331050
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Human Hypertension Sep 2022Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This study aimed to obtain an overall regional estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This study aimed to obtain an overall regional estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and present the disease pattern based on the age and time in the Middle East region. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline for articles on the prevalence of hypertension, pre-hypertension among countries of the Middle East region from 1999 to 2019. STATA-14 was used to analyze the data. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model, and heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I test and subgroup analysis. A total of eighty-three studies with 479816 participants met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis process. The overall prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in the Middle East region were 24.36% (95% CI: 19.06-31.14) and 28. 60% (95% CI: 24.19-33.80), respectively. An increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension was observed with the increasing age. The prevalence of hypertension in the ≤ 49-year-old age group was 17.13% (95% CI: 13.79-21.27) and in people over 60 years was 61.24% (95% CI: 55.30-67.81) (P < 0.001). This pattern has been similar among both males and females. On the other hand, a decreasing trend in the prevalence of pre-hypertension was observed with the increasing age. The increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension and decreasing trend in the prevalence of pre-hypertension with age are significant concerns in the Middle East region. Screening for the prevention and control of hypertension should prioritize public health programs.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Middle East; Prehypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 35031669
DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00647-9 -
American Journal of Cardiovascular... 2021To assess factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among children in North Africa.
OBJECTIVES
To assess factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among children in North Africa.
METHODS
An epidemiological observational, school- and college-based study among 3562 healthy children and adolescents to assess factors associated with blood pressure categories (normal, prehypertensive, hypertensive), including perinatal (gestational age, birth weight, breastfeeding) and current lifestyle characteristics (body mass index, time spent watching a screen and time spent exercising).
RESULTS
Prevalence of hypertension increased with age from 8.7% between 6-10 years to 14.7% between 11-15 years, and 15.6% above 15 years. Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension increased with body mass index from 9.9% and 11.5% among children not overweight to 15.6% (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.24-2.02, P<0.001) and 17.2% (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.22-1.85, P<0.001) among those overweight and to 26.8% (RR 2.72, 95% CI 2.04-3.64, P<0.01) and 32.3% (RR 2.82, 95% CI 2.27-3.50, P<0.01) among obese children. There was a trend of association of prehypertension with the time spent watching Television, internet and electronic games. Children whose mother or father had a history of hypertension had a trend to be prehypertensive or hypertensive. A parental hypertension was found in 33.6% of normotensive, 38.2% of prehypertensive, and 42.6% of hypertensive children (P=0.05). Children with prehypertension or hypertension were more likely to have a diabetic father or mother (22.8% and 22.6% vs 15.8%, respectively, P=0.01). Also, prehypertension and hypertension were associated with shorter gestational age, early birth, reduced birth weight, and shorter breastfeeding.
CONCLUSION
Prehypertension and hypertension have a high prevalence among children in North Africa. They are associated with overweight, obesity, diabetes, a shorter gestational age, a lower birth weight and a shorter breastfeeding.
PubMed: 34084657
DOI: No ID Found -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Nov 2022Cases of noncommunicable (NCD) diseases are increasing in Pakistan. They are responsible for 58% of all deaths and information on the risk factors is lacking.
BACKGROUND
Cases of noncommunicable (NCD) diseases are increasing in Pakistan. They are responsible for 58% of all deaths and information on the risk factors is lacking.
AIMS
To determine the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and abnormal heart rate and their risk factors in a multiethnic, low-income area of Lahore.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an urban settlement of Lahore in 2018-2019. Eligible participants were aged ≥ 30 years and resident in selected settlements. We used a modified World Health Organization stepwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire to collect data from a random sample of 906 residents. The modified questionnaire had a Cronbach alpha of 80.0%. Participants were interviewed in their homes and their height, weight, heart rate, and hip circumference were measured.
RESULTS
Most of the respondents were women (64.5%). The greatest proportion of the participants were aged 30-39 years (42.4%). Of all the respondents, 40.1% had hypertension, 15.8% had diabetes and 17.0% had ischaemic heart disease. Of the risk factors examined, 68.8% of the respondents were overweight or obese, 37.0% had pre-hypertension, 13.6% used tobacco, and 1.8% used alcohol. Age was the most significant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Body mass index was significantly associated with diabetes in women, while family history of diabetes was significantly associated with diabetes in men.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was higher among our study participants in Lahore than reported in the national statistics. Significant proportions of the respondents had pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes, making them vulnerable to serious complications of hypertension and diabetes.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prehypertension; Pakistan; Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 36515443
DOI: 10.26719/emhj.22.083 -
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2020The incidence of prehypertension (blood pressure 120-139 and/or 80-89 mm Hg) in young adults worldwide ranges from ~37.5% to 77.1%. Identifying high-risk groups of... (Review)
Review
The incidence of prehypertension (blood pressure 120-139 and/or 80-89 mm Hg) in young adults worldwide ranges from ~37.5% to 77.1%. Identifying high-risk groups of prehypertension in young adults is helpful for early and effective interventions and treatments to reduce the occurrence of future hypertension and organ damage. This review summarized the epidemiological characteristics, disease intervention measures, and disease progression characteristics of prehypertension to provide a basis for the development of targeted intervention measures for young adults with prehypertension.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Diet, Healthy; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Life Style; Male; Obesity; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32114593
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.3.24998 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2022Hypertension, also referred to as the silent killer, is known to be one of the most common chronic diseases in the world today. This study aimed to identify the...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension, also referred to as the silent killer, is known to be one of the most common chronic diseases in the world today. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension and hypertension among Algerian population.
METHODS
This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study involving individuals aged 18 to 69 years old who were identified in the database of the national survey on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors conducted in Algeria between 2016 and 2017 using the World Health Organization's (WHO) STEPwise approach. Differences in prevalence between normotensives, prehypertensives and hypertensives were assessed using the chi-square test. We also looked at the role of numerous socio-demographic, economic, geographical, and behavioural factors in blood pressure status using a logistic regression model.
RESULTS
The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 36.2% (95% confidence interval: 35.2-37.5%) and 31.6% (95% CI: 30.5-32.7%) respectively. Prehypertension was shown to be substantially higher in males than in women, while hypertension was found to be higher in females compared to men. In addition, both sexes had a rise in the prevalence of blood pressure as they grew older. A according to multivariate logistic regression analysis, the main common risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension were ageing, obesity, and abdominal obesity. Moreover hypercholesterolemia, and marital status (separated/divorced) were correlated to hypertension.
CONCLUSION
Prehypertension and hypertension are high and epidemic in Algeria. Therefore, the urgent quantification and monitoring of their risk factors becomes a necessity to plan appropriate preventive measures, in order to fight against NCDs in general.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algeria; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 35982441
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13942-y -
Current Problems in Cardiology Jul 2022Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most important public health challenges, especially in developing countries. Despite individual studies, information on the exact... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most important public health challenges, especially in developing countries. Despite individual studies, information on the exact prevalence of prehypertension (pre-HTN) and HTN in the Middle East and North Africa is lacking. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN, awareness, treatment, and control in the Middle East and North Africa region. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to April 30, 2021. Keywords included hypertension, pre-hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Hoy scale. A random-effects model was evaluated based on overall HTN. The heterogeneity of the preliminary studies was evaluated using the I test. A total of 147 studies involving 1,312,244 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the results of the random-effects method (95% CI), the prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN were 30.6% (95% CI: 25.2, 36.0%; I = 99.9%), and 26.2% (95% CI: 24.6, 27.9%; I = 99.8%), respectively. The prevalence of HTN awareness was 51.3% (95% CI: 47.7, 54.8; I = 99.0%). The prevalence of HTN treatment was 47.0% (95% CI: 34.8, 59.2; I = 99.9%). The prevalence of HTN control among treated patients was 43.1% (95% CI: 38.3, 47.9; I = 99.3%). Considering the high prevalence of HTN, very low awareness, and poor HTN control in the region, more attention should be paid to preventive programs for HTN reduction.
Topics: Africa, Northern; Humans; Hypertension; Middle East; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34843808
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.101069 -
Metabolic Brain Disease Aug 2021Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy pose a huge challenge to the socioeconomic stability of a community; being a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and... (Review)
Review
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy pose a huge challenge to the socioeconomic stability of a community; being a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality during delivery. Although there have been recent improvements in management strategies, still, the diversified nature of the underlying pathogenesis undermines their effectiveness. Generally, these disorders are categorized into two; hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with proteinuria (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy without proteinuria (gestational and chronic hypertension). Each of these conditions may present with unique characteristics that have interwoven symptoms. However, the tendency of occurrence heightens in the presence of any pre-existing life-threatening condition(s), environmental, and/or other genetic factors. Investigations into the cerebrovascular system demonstrate changes in the histoarchitectural organization of neurons, the proliferation of glial cells with an associated increase in inflammatory cytokines. These are oxidative stress indicators which impose a deteriorating impact on the structures that form the neurovascular unit and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Such a pathologic state distorts the homeostatic supply of blood into the brain, and enhances the permeability of toxins/pathogens through a process called hyperperfusion at the BBB. Furthermore, a notable aspect of the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is endothelial dysfunction aggravated when signaling of the vasoprotective molecule, nitric oxide, amongst other neurotransmitter regulatory activities are impaired. This review aims to discuss the alterations in cerebrovascular regulation that determine the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy.
Topics: Cerebrovascular Circulation; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Inflammation; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33704662
DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00710-x