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The Science of the Total Environment May 2022The interplay of air pollution and urban greenness on hypertension (HTN) is not fully understood.
BACKGROUND
The interplay of air pollution and urban greenness on hypertension (HTN) is not fully understood.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the role of greenness and PM on HTN for 40,375 adult residents in the New Taipei City, Taiwan. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) defined greenness and land use regression derived exposures of PM were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of HTN in logistic regression models and common OR of normal to stage 3 HTN in ordinal logistic regression models. Linear regression model was used to evaluate the association between NDVI and blood pressures, including systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) pressures. The mediation and moderation analysis were used to assess the mediation and moderation effect of PM on the association between greenness and SBP.
RESULTS
We found 37.3%, 21.4%, 8.2% and 2.7% of prehypertension and stage 1-3 hypertensions, respectively, for our study participants with annual PM exposures of 10.96-43.59 μg/m living in an urban environment with NDVI within 500 m buffer ranging from -0.22 to 0.26. The ORs of HTN were 0.744 (95% CI: 0.698-0.793) for NDVI (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1) and 1.048 (1.012-1.085) for each IQR (8.69 μg/m) increase in PM, respectively. The common OR of the higher level of 5 categories of BP was 1.1310 (1.241-1.383). With each IQR increase of NDVI (0.03), we found SBP, DBP and MBP were decreased by 0.78 mm Hg (-0.93-0.64), 0.52 mm Hg (-0.62-0.43) and 0.61 mm Hg (-0.71-0.51), respectively, in linear regression models. Stratified analysis found greenness effect was more prominent for people who are younger, female, never smoking, and without chronic diseases. PM is moderated rather than mediated the association between greenness and SBP.
CONCLUSIONS
Greenness was associated with lower prevalence of prehypertension and all stages of HTN and this relationship was moderated by PM.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Particulate Matter; Prehypertension
PubMed: 35101513
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153526 -
PloS One 2023Hypertension (HTN) stands as the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and premature death globally. Understanding its prevalence and risk...
Hypertension (HTN) stands as the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and premature death globally. Understanding its prevalence and risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management of HTN. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Pre-hypertension (pre-HTN), HTN, and its risk factors in adults participating in the Zahedan adult cohort study (ZACS). This cross-sectional study used the baseline data of the ZACS. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for potential risk factors. Among the 10,016 participants in this study, 60.89% were women, with an average age of 50.44 ± 9.18 years. The prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN was 42.03% (men 45.44%, women 39.84%) and 18.47% (men 21.09%, women 16.79%), respectively. Being male, older age, having higher socioeconomic status (SES), being overweight and obese, having a family history of HTN, comorbidities such as diabetes and CVD, as well as abnormal blood lipid levels (triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) were the most significant predictors of pre-HTN and HTN. These findings highlight that more than half of the participants in this study exhibit pre-HTN or HTN, placing them at risk for CVD and stroke. Implementing comprehensive preventive strategies tailored to these identified risk factors is imperative to alleviate the disease burden, enhance disease management, and improve HTN treatment and control.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Cohort Studies; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Iran; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hypertension; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38060532
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295270 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2021The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk factors in the normotensive and pre-hypertensive group based on the blood pressure results of healthy...
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk factors in the normotensive and pre-hypertensive group based on the blood pressure results of healthy young adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018. The participants were 2225 healthy young adults between the ages of 19 and under 45, excluding those with a diagnosis of hypertension or taking antihypertensive medications. Of the 2225 participants, the normotensive group was 1498 (67.3%) and the pre-hypertensive group 727 (32.7%). Determinants of pre-hypertension were analyzed using multiple logistic regression based on a complex sample design. Factors related to pre-hypertension in young adults were age, smoking, waist circumference, diabetes, anemia, cholesterol levels including HDL cholesterol, and uric acid levels. Pre-hypertension is a pre-stage that can prevent the morbidity of hypertension through lifestyle control, so its management is very important. Furthermore, a young adult is a stage in the growth and development of human beings, in which lifestyles such as healthy behaviors, eating habits, and exercise are fixed. Therefore, it is very important to improve lifestyles such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation and to control risk factors in young adults who are at the pre-hypertension stage for health promotion. Continuous health examinations should be conducted for young adults, and education that can be practiced based on clinical data through this should be implemented for community health.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Nutrition Surveys; Prehypertension; Republic of Korea; Young Adult
PubMed: 34501734
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179144 -
Journal of Hypertension Mar 2020
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Prehypertension
PubMed: 32028520
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002331 -
Renal Failure Dec 2022Hypertension is a leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) more than 160 mmHg... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) more than 160 mmHg was thought to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. The present study was performed to explore the clinical characteristics and management of hemodialysis patients with pre-dialysis SBP ≥ 160 mmHg.
METHODS
A total of 1233 patients undergoing hemodialysis from nine hemodialysis centers were enrolled. Pre-dialysis and home BP were measured and clinical data were collected. The characteristics of patients with pre-dialysis SBP ≥ 160 mmHg were explored. Clinical parameters between hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients were compared. The partial correlation analyses performed to identify the associations between BP and clinical parameters.
RESULTS
There were 24.6% of the hemodialysis patients had pre-dialysis SBP ≥ 160 mmHg and the average SBP was 173.8 ± 10.9 mmHg. Only 21.4% of the patients achieved dry weight after dialysis and up to 30.2% of patients were not given combination therapies of antihypertensive drugs. Compared to patients with pre-hemodialysis SBP < 160 mmHg, patients with pre-dialysis SBP ≥ 160 mmHg had lower target-reaching rate of Kt/v and higher incidences of intradialytic hypotension and muscle spasm. Most patients (96%) with pre-dialysis SBP ≥ 160 mmHg had home SBP≥ 135 mmHg. Patients with home SBP ≥ 160 mmHg had higher left ventricular weight index and lower hemoglobin levels when compared to their counterparts with home SBP <160 mmHg.
CONCLUSIONS
Pre-dialysis SBP ≥ 160 mmHg is common in clinical practice and most of the patients could diagnosed to be hypertensive according to their home SBP. Patients with pre-dialysis SBP ≥ 160 mmHg are more likely to be subjected to dialysis insufficiency and intradialytic complications. Achieving dry weight and sufficient pharmacologic interventions should be strengthened to improve BP control in the hemodialysis population.
Topics: Humans; Antihypertensive Agents; Dialysis; Hypertension; Renal Dialysis; Blood Pressure; Hemoglobins
PubMed: 36285374
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2022.2136527 -
Vascular Health and Risk Management 2023Cardiovascular disorders are one of the commonly recognized occupational diseases in the developed world. Individuals chronically exposed to noise at workplaces had a...
INTRODUCTION
Cardiovascular disorders are one of the commonly recognized occupational diseases in the developed world. Individuals chronically exposed to noise at workplaces had a higher risk of developing elevated arterial blood pressure. There are limited studies in Ethiopia regarding this topic and thus this study determined the prevalence and determinant factors of occupational noise-induced pre-hypertension among metal manufacturing workers in Gondar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
An institution-based cross-sectional study design was carried out. In this study, 300 study participants were recruited by census sampling method. A sound level meter was used to measure the working area noise level. A semi-structured pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. Blood pressure was measured in a quiet room in the morning using a mercurial sphygmomanometer. Both bivariable and multi-variable binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with noise-induced prehypertension. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported, and variables with p < 0.05 were considered as statistically associated factors with pre-hypertension.
RESULTS
The prevalence of noise-induced pre-hypertension was 27.7% (95% CI: 22.7-32.7). In multivariable logistic regression, working area noise level (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 6.8-8.9), 45-65 years' age (AOR = 9.8, 95% CI: 5.4-12.9), years of work experience ((6-10 years (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.98-5.90 and >10 years (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 7.8-9.75)), being a cigarette smoker (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.36-9.77), and alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.06-1.04) were significantly associated with noise-induced prehypertension.
CONCLUSION
Workers in metal manufactures who were exposed to noise levels >85 dB developed elevated blood pressure. The odds of having prehypertension were increased by years of work experience, advanced age, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Our findings recommended that the real-world preventive strategies should be taken to lower the risk of noise-induced pre-hypertension hastened by occupational noise exposure.
Topics: Humans; Prehypertension; Noise, Occupational; Ethiopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 36687313
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S392876 -
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany) Aug 2022Preeclampsia is a protean syndrome causing a kidney disease characterised by hypertension and proteinuria, usually considered transitory and reversible after delivery.... (Review)
Review
Preeclampsia is a protean syndrome causing a kidney disease characterised by hypertension and proteinuria, usually considered transitory and reversible after delivery. Its prevalence ranges from 3-5 to 10% if all the related disorders are considered. This narrative review, on behalf of the Kidney and Pregnancy Study Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology, focuses on three reasons why preeclampsia should concern paediatric nephrologists and how they can play an important role in its prevention, as well as in the prevention of future kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Firstly, all diseases of the kidney and urinary tract diagnosed in paediatric age are associated with a higher risk of adverse pregnancy-related outcomes, including preeclampsia. Secondly, babies with low birth weights (small for gestational age, born preterm, or both) have an increased risk of developing the full panoply of metabolic diseases (obesity, hypertension, early-onset cardiopathy and chronic kidney disease) and girls are at higher risk of developing preeclampsia when pregnant. The risk may be particularly high in cases of maternal preeclampsia, highlighting a familial aggregation of this condition. Thirdly, pregnant teenagers have a higher risk of developing preeclampsia and the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and should be followed up as high risk pregnancies. In summary, preeclampsia has come to be seen as a window on the future health of both mother and baby. Identification of subjects at risk, early counselling and careful follow-up can contribute to reducing the high morbidity linked with this disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Nephrologists; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34735598
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05235-0 -
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2021Acromegaly is a chronic disorder resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone and (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and is associated with several...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Acromegaly is a chronic disorder resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone and (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and is associated with several comorbidities. These complications contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality associated with this condition thus early diagnosis leads to better outcomes. There have been studies in other countries to assess the comorbidities associated with acromegaly. However, we do not have any recent data with regards to Pakistan. So, in order to demonstrate the prevalence of demographics, hormonal disorders, and other complications associated with acromegaly we conducted this study.
METHODS
It is a retrospective review of patients' records presented to the tertiary care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan for the diagnosis and management of acromegaly and the complications associated with this condition between the time periods 2000 till 2020. A total of 89 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of acromegaly and were included in the study. Comorbid conditions were described based on current guidelines. Patient baseline characteristics were recorded along with other complications arising during treatment.
RESULTS
Eighty-nine patients were included. 64% were male, over 70% were older than 30 years old and more than 40% of patients had BMI greater than 30. HTN, pre-hypertension, and CCF were reported in 35.95%, 3.37%, and 6.74%. Diabetes mellitus, hypocortisolism, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and hyperprolactinemia were reported in 39.32%, 38.20%, 37.07%, 34.46%, and 16.85% of cases. The prevalence of osteoarthritis, blood disorder, skin changes, thyroid cancer, and spinal stenosis was found out to be around 1.12% each.
CONCLUSIONS
Acromegaly is associated with cardiovascular and endocrinal disorders. Screening for these disorders at the time of diagnosis can lead to early management and better outcomes translating into decreased mortality.
PubMed: 34912391
DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.7.4277 -
Biomolecules Apr 2022After the discovery of hydrogen sulfide (HS) in the central nervous system by Abe and Kimura in 1996, the physiopathological role of HS has been widely investigated in... (Review)
Review
After the discovery of hydrogen sulfide (HS) in the central nervous system by Abe and Kimura in 1996, the physiopathological role of HS has been widely investigated in several systems such as the cardiovascular. In particular, HS plays a pivotal role in the control of vascular tone, exhibiting mechanisms of action able to induce vasodilation: for instance, activation of potassium channels (KATP and Kv7) and inhibition of 5-phosphodiesterase (5-PDE). These findings paved the way for the research of natural and synthetic exogenous HS-donors (i.e., molecules able to release HS) in order to have new tools for the management of hypertension. In this scenario, some natural molecules derived from (i.e., garlic) and (i.e., rocket or broccoli) botanical families show the profile of slow HS-donors able to mimic the endogenous production of this gasotransmitter and therefore can be viewed as interesting potential tools for management of hypertension or pre-hypertension. In this article, the preclinical and clinical impacts of these natural HS-donors on hypertension and vascular integrity have been reviewed in order to give a complete panorama of their potential use for the management of hypertension and related vascular diseases.
Topics: Brassicaceae; Cardiovascular System; Garlic; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hypertension; Vasodilation
PubMed: 35454169
DOI: 10.3390/biom12040581 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Feb 2021Hypertension, particularly in middle age, has been associated with worse cognitive function, but evidence is inconclusive. This study investigated whether hypertension,...
Hypertension, particularly in middle age, has been associated with worse cognitive function, but evidence is inconclusive. This study investigated whether hypertension, prehypertension, age, and duration of diagnosis, as well as blood pressure control, are associated with a decline in cognitive performance in ELSA-Brasil participants. This longitudinal study included 7063 participants, mean age 58.9 years at baseline (2008-2010), who attended visit 2 (2012-2014). Cognitive performance was measured in both visits and evaluated by the standardized scores of the memory, verbal fluency, trail B tests, and global cognitive score. The associations were investigated using linear mixed models. Hypertension and prehypertension at baseline were associated with decline in global cognitive score; being hypertension associated with reduction in memory test; and prehypertension with reduction in fluency test. Hypertension diagnose ≥55 years was associated with lower global cognitive and memory test scores, and hypertension diagnose <55 years with lower memory test scores. Duration of hypertension diagnoses was not associated with any marker of cognitive function decline. Among treated individuals, blood pressure control at baseline was inversely associated with the decline in both global cognitive and memory test scores. In this relatively young cohort, hypertension, prehypertension, and blood pressure control were independent predictors of cognitive decline in distinct abilities. Our findings suggest that both lower and older age of hypertension, but not duration of diagnosis, were associated with cognitive decline in different abilities. In addition to hypertension, prehypertension and pressure control might be critical for the preservation of cognitive function.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Brazil; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Prehypertension
PubMed: 33307849
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16080