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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Lifestyle changes, such as overeating and underexercising, can increase the risk of prediabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis, and recently... (Review)
Review
Lifestyle changes, such as overeating and underexercising, can increase the risk of prediabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis, and recently it became clear that the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis progresses even before the onset of diabetic symptoms. In addition to changes in platelets and leukocytes in the hyperglycemic state and damage to vascular endothelial cells, extracellular vesicles and microRNAs were found to be involved in the progression of prediabetes atherosclerosis. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these processes, with an intention to enable a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of prediabetes and atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Obesity; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 33921168
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084108 -
Journal of Diabetes Investigation Oct 2023There has been conflicting evidence regarding the role of prediabetes as a risk factor of lung cancer. A systemic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS/INTRODUCTION
There has been conflicting evidence regarding the role of prediabetes as a risk factor of lung cancer. A systemic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between prediabetes and lung cancer incidence and mortality in general adult populations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Observational studies relevant to the objective were found in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. By incorporating potential heterogeneity into the model, a randomized-effects model was selected.
RESULTS
Ten cohort studies were included. People with prediabetes were associated with a mildly increased risk of lung cancer incidence compared with controls with normoglycemia (risk ratio [RR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.18, P = 0.03; I = 79%), which was mainly observed in men rather than in women (RR: 1.07 vs 0.99, P for subgroup difference < 0.001). Prediabetes was related to a higher risk of lung cancer mortality (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.39, P = 0.03; I = 52%), and the results were consistent in both men and women (P for subgroup difference = 0.67). The association between prediabetes and lung cancer incidence or mortality did not appear to be significantly affected by different definitions of prediabetes (P for subgroup difference = 0.27 and 0.37).
CONCLUSIONS
Prediabetes might be associated with a mildly increased risk of lung cancer incidence in men, but not in women. In addition, prediabetes may be related to a higher risk of lung cancer mortality in the adult population.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Female; Incidence; Prediabetic State; Lung Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37517054
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14057 -
Pediatrics Sep 2020The optimal approach to screening and diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes in youth is uncertain.
BACKGROUND
The optimal approach to screening and diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes in youth is uncertain.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 14 119 youth aged 10 to 19 years in the 1999-2016 NHANES. First, we examined the performance of American Diabetes Association risk-based screening criteria. Second, we evaluated the performance of current clinical definitions of prediabetes and diabetes based on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), either HbA1c or FPG, or both HbA1c and FPG (confirmatory definition) to identify youth at high cardiometabolic risk.
RESULTS
Overall, 25.5% of US youth (10.6 million in 2016) were eligible for screening. Sensitivity and specificity of the screening criteria for detecting any hyperglycemia were low for both HbA1c ≥5.7% (sensitivity = 55.5%, specificity = 76.3%) and FPG ≥100 mg/dL (sensitivity = 35.8%, specificity = 77.1%). Confirmed undiagnosed diabetes (HbA1c ≥6.5% and FPG ≥126 mg/dL) was rare, <0.5% of youth. Most (>85%) cases of diabetes were diagnosed. Associations with cardiometabolic risk were consistently stronger and more specific for HbA1c-defined hyperglycemia (specificity = 98.6%; sensitivity = 4.0%) than FPG-defined hyperglycemia (specificity = 90.1%; sensitivity = 19.4%).
CONCLUSIONS
One-quarter of US youth are eligible for screening for diabetes and prediabetes; however, few will test positive, especially for diabetes. Most cases of diabetes in US youth are diagnosed. Regardless of screening eligibility, we found that HbA1c is a specific and useful nonfasting test to identify high-risk youth who could benefit from lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular risk in adulthood.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Fasting; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Mass Screening; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutrition Surveys; Pediatric Obesity; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prediabetic State; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 32778539
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-0265 -
Polish Archives of Internal Medicine Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Prediabetic State; Diabetes Mellitus; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36994495
DOI: 10.20452/pamw.16469 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Sep 2021
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 34399963
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.06.002 -
JAMA Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 37552499
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.9964 -
JAMA Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 37552503
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.9956 -
JAMA Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 37552502
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.9959 -
Clinica E Investigacion En... 2021Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the major adverse outcome in the evolution of several metabolic conditions. For around several decades, the... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the major adverse outcome in the evolution of several metabolic conditions. For around several decades, the cardiovascular continuum has been used as a fantastic tool to explain the evolution of ACVD from the onset of risk factor, to clinical outcomes, and to death. Nowadays, metabolic diseases such as obesity, prediabetes, and type2 diabetes have been increasing enough to become serious public health problems and notorious contributors to the morbidity and mortality rates due to ACVD, including arterial hypertension. Other conditions seem to increase the list, such as: physical inactivity with its metabolic cluster, sarcopenia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Moreover, obesity in childhood has been growing at an exponential rate so the excess of adiposity in children and adolescents will translate into an excess of cardiometabolic risk in adults. Several longitudinal studies confirm the strong association of paediatric obesity with the persistence of adult obesity, as well as the future development of cardiometabolic conditions, such as prediabetes, diabetes, obesity, increased risk of arterial hypertension, and ACVD. Therefore, it is time to conceptualise the cardiometabolic continuum as a tool of an early, wider and preventive intervention in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to ACVD.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypertension; Metabolic Diseases; Pediatric Obesity; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33309070
DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.10.003 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jul 2021
Topics: Humans; Insulin Resistance; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 33765140
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab198