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Muscle & Nerve Apr 2020This study was conducted to evaluate the association between prediabetes (PD), elements of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and small fiber neuropathy (SFN).
INTRODUCTION
This study was conducted to evaluate the association between prediabetes (PD), elements of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and small fiber neuropathy (SFN).
METHODS
A total of 268 patients with SFN symptoms and normal electrophysiology underwent tests to assess small fibers. SFN was diagnosed based on abnormality of at least two among intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IEFND), quantitative sensory testing, and quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing.
RESULTS
There was no difference in IENFD or abnormal skin biopsy frequency between PD and normoglycemia (NG). However, IENFD was lower in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) than in those with NG. An association between HbA1C and IENFD was observed only if DM patients were included. Attributes of the MetS were more common in those with an abnormal skin biopsy but not among those with autonomic dysfunction or meeting SFN criteria.
DISCUSSION
DM, but not PD alone, is associated with SFN. Other MetS elements appear to preferentially impact small fiber structure over function.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Axons; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Neural Conduction; Prediabetic State; Skin; Small Fiber Neuropathy
PubMed: 32012301
DOI: 10.1002/mus.26825 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024We aimed to examine the concordance of type-2 diabetes, prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome in couples. In cross-sectional analyses, we used data from 1173 couples...
We aimed to examine the concordance of type-2 diabetes, prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome in couples. In cross-sectional analyses, we used data from 1173 couples with index persons from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (2011-2015), a population-based cohort study in Western Germany, and partners from the associated Heinz Nixdorf Multigeneration Study (2013-2016). Mean age (standard deviation) was 67.2 (6.6) years in index persons, and 67.8 (7.7) years in partners. The exposure was the presence of diabetes, prediabetes or metabolic syndrome in index persons, the outcome was the presence of the same health status in partners. Diabetes was defined by either self-reported diagnosis, intake of antidiabetic drugs or insulin, or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. If the index person had prediabetes or diabetes, the partner was 1.46 (95% CI 1.07-2.00) times more likely to have diabetes than partners of index persons without the condition in the crude model (adjusted model: 1.33 (0.97-1.83)). For self-reported diabetes and for the metabolic syndrome, the corresponding prevalence ratios were 1.33 (0.90-1.97) and 1.17 (1.03-1.32), respectively (adjusted models: 1.23 (0.77-1.94), 1.04 (0.91-1.18)). In German couples, there was weak to moderate concordance of type-2 diabetes, prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome in crude, but poor concordance in adjusted models.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Prediabetic State; Metabolic Syndrome; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prevalence
PubMed: 38316913
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53417-1 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is currently one of the fastest growing health challenging, a non-communicable disease result of the XXI century lifestyle. Given its growing... (Review)
Review
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is currently one of the fastest growing health challenging, a non-communicable disease result of the XXI century lifestyle. Given its growing incidence and prevalence, it became increasingly imperative to develop new technologies and implement new biomarkers for early diagnosis in order to promote lifestyle changes and thus cause a setback of the disease. Promising biomarkers have been identified as predictive of T2D development; however, none of them have yet been implemented in clinical practice routine. Moreover, many prediabetic biomarkers can also represent potential therapeutical targets in disease management. Previous studies have identified the most popular biomarkers, which are being thoroughly investigated. However, there are some biomarkers with promising preliminary results with limited associated studies; hence there is still much to be understood about its mechanisms and associations in T2D pathophysiology. This work identifies and discusses the promising results of Galectin-3, Ophthalmate and Fetuin-A.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incidence; Life Style; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 35321333
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.805837 -
Current Medical Research and Opinion Nov 2022The term, "prediabetes", describes a state of hyperglycaemia that is intermediate between true normoglycaemia and the diagnostic cut-offs for indices of glycaemia that... (Review)
Review
The term, "prediabetes", describes a state of hyperglycaemia that is intermediate between true normoglycaemia and the diagnostic cut-offs for indices of glycaemia that are used to diagnose type 2 diabetes. The presence of prediabetes markedly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Numerous randomized, controlled evaluations of various agents have demonstrated significant prevention or delay of the onset of type 2 diabetes in subjects with prediabetes. Intensive lifestyle interventions and metformin have been studied most widely, with the lifestyle intervention being more effective in the majority of subjects. The application of therapeutic interventions at the time of prediabetes to preserve long-term outcomes has been controversial, however, due to a lack of evidence relating to the pathogenic effects of prediabetes and the effectiveness of interventions to produce a long-term clinical benefit. Recent studies have confirmed that prediabetes, however defined, is associated with a significantly increased risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications essentially identical to those of diabetes, and also with subclinical derangements of the function of microvasculature and neurons that likely signify increased risk of compilations in future. Normoglycaemia, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes appear to be part of a continuum of increased risk of adverse outcomes. Long-term (25-30 years) post-trial follow up of two major diabetes prevention trials have shown that short-term interventions to prevent diabetes lead to long-term reductions in the risk of complications. These findings support the concept of therapeutic intervention to preserve long-term health in people with prediabetes before type 2 diabetes becomes established.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Prediabetic State; Metformin; Hyperglycemia; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 35833523
DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2101805 -
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Nov 2021Patients with heart failure (HF) and with diabetes experienced significantly worse outcomes than those without diabetes. However, data on the prognostic impact of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
Patients with heart failure (HF) and with diabetes experienced significantly worse outcomes than those without diabetes. However, data on the prognostic impact of prediabetes in HF are inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between prediabetes and the risk of all-cause mortality and adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with HF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar) for relevant studies up to 31 March 2021. Studies were included for analysis if multivariable adjusted relative risks of adverse outcomes were reported in patients with prediabetes and with HF compared with those with normoglycaemia. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Twelve studies comprising 28 643 patients with HF reported the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiac outcomes associated with prediabetes. The prevalence of prediabetes ranged from 9.6% to 37.2%. After a median follow-up duration of 2.3 years, patients with HF and with prediabetes were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06-1.58), cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.09-2.32), HF hospitalization (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09-1.61), all-cause mortality and/or HF hospitalization (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.47), as well as cardiovascular mortality and/or HF hospitalization (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07-1.37).
CONCLUSIONS
Prediabetes is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with HF. Further risk stratification and effective treatment strategies are needed in patients with prediabetes and with HF to improve the prognosis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Prediabetic State; Prognosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34227220
DOI: 10.1111/dom.14490 -
Journal of Dentistry May 2023The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed...
OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in the elderly patients who attended a dental clinic and to find common risk factors.
METHODS
Male patients, older than 50 years, attended their first dental visit to the School of Dentistry for a period of two years, and it was proposed to evaluate undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal, biochemical, microbiological examinations, nutritional profile, and physical activity were performed.
RESULTS
A total of 106 patients were examined, 6 (5.6%) had diabetes, and 37 (34.9%) had prediabetes without prior diagnosis. The severity of periodontitis was greater in patients with diabetes. Most of the patients were overweight and had increased systolic blood pressure. Patients with prediabetes and periodontitis had a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Tannerella forsythia was present in more patients with periodontitis, and the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is practically absent in groups with periodontitis, except for the group with diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS
In the population studied, the prevalence of patients without a diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes was very high and underestimated. The increased severity of periodontitis in patients with diabetes and in conjunction with the high level of cortisol seen in patients with periodontitis, especially those with diabetes, emphasize the dysregulation of the immunoinflammatory system.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
It is essential to add all this data to our dental practice to cover patient health with a broader landscape.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Prediabetic State; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prevalence; Periodontitis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36948381
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104480 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Apr 2022Prediabetes is often considered as the link between normoglycaemia and diabetes. Though a lot of emphasis is given to an individual after the development of diabetes,...
Prediabetes is often considered as the link between normoglycaemia and diabetes. Though a lot of emphasis is given to an individual after the development of diabetes, pre-diabetes is often not adequately addressed in clinical practice. Given a distinct diagnostic criterion, its association with metabolic complications, an opportunity to prevent further progression to diabetes and the large number of people affected with it, makes it a subject of great importance and opportunity. In this brief manuscript we compare and contrast prediabetes with diabetes mellitus. We also describe a pragmatic approach to address a patient with prediabetes.
Topics: Counseling; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mentoring; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 35614621
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.22-29 -
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology &... Jun 2022Overweight and obesity affect approximately 1/3 of children in the United States and are risk factors for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Progression from prediabetes... (Review)
Review
Overweight and obesity affect approximately 1/3 of children in the United States and are risk factors for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Progression from prediabetes to diabetes carries substantial long-term health burdens, culminating in decreased life-expectancy. Earlier development of type 2 diabetes is associated with poorer prognoses, and children lose glycemic control more rapidly than adults. Metformin is approved by the USFDA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in children, has limited toxicity, and may help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. The more rapid disease progression in children and the safety of metformin suggests that initiation of metformin treatment to children with prediabetes who have not effectively responded to lifestyle changes may help prevent short- and long-term health damage resulting from prediabetic and diabetic dysglycemia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; Prediabetic State; United States
PubMed: 35503504
DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0200 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jul 2023People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have higher risks of cancer incidence and death. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have higher risks of cancer incidence and death.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary and physical activity-based lifestyle intervention and cancer outcomes among prediabetes and T2D populations.
METHODS
We searched for randomized controlled trials with at least 24 months of lifestyle interventions in prediabetes or T2D populations. Data were extracted by pairs of reviewers and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Descriptive syntheses were performed, and the risk of bias was assessed. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using a pairwise meta-analysis with both a random-effects model and a general linear mixed model (GLMM). Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to assess if current information is enough for definitive conclusions. Subgroup analysis was performed by glycemic status.
RESULTS
Six clinical trials were included. Among 12 841 participants, the combined RR for cancer mortality comparing lifestyle interventions with usual care was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.81-1.10 using GLMM and 0.82-1.09 using random-effects model). Most studies had a low risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was moderate. TSA showed that the cumulative Z curve reached futility boundary while total number did not reach detection boundary.
CONCLUSION
Based on the limited data available, dietary and physical activity-based lifestyle interventions had no superiority to usual care on reducing cancer risk in populations with prediabetes and T2D. Lifestyle interventions focused on cancer outcomes should be tested to better explore their effects.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State; Life Style; Exercise; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36869709
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad123 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2022Prediabetes consists of the intermediary stage between normal glucose regulation and overt diabetes mellitus and develops when blood glucose levels are higher than... (Review)
Review
Prediabetes consists of the intermediary stage between normal glucose regulation and overt diabetes mellitus and develops when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to confirm a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis (T2DM). Recent evidence suggests that probiotics could be promising approaches to improve this state. In this study, we performed a systematic review to compile the results of clinical trials investigating the effects of pro-/pre-/synbiotics on prediabetes subjects from 2010 to 2020. The article search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Clinical trials.gov, ProQuest, Open Grey, and Google Scholar. Search filters were developed using 2 parameters: "prestate diabetes" and "probiotics." Of the 418 studies that were screened, 15 original articles reached the inclusion criteria. Pooling data from these trials showed positive and significant effects of probiotics in the reduction of hyperglycemia, insulin concentration levels, lipid profile, and BMI (Body mass index). Administration of probiotics may provide beneficial and healthful effects in the clinical management of patients with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. Different probiotics compositions have shown beneficial and noticeable effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, BMI, and inflammatory markers in subjects with prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and healthy individuals and could be advantageous in recomposing the gut microbiota back into the normal state during the prediabetic state.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulins; Lipids; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Probiotics
PubMed: 36160290
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5963679