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Biology Nov 2022The possession of two X chromosomes may come with the risk of various illnesses, females are more likely to be affected by osteoarthritis, heart disease, and anxiety.... (Review)
Review
The possession of two X chromosomes may come with the risk of various illnesses, females are more likely to be affected by osteoarthritis, heart disease, and anxiety. Given the reported correlations between gut microbiome dysbiosis and various illnesses, the female gut microbiome is worthy of exploration. Herein, we discuss the composition of the female gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in pathologies affecting the female population. Using PubMed, we performed a literature search, using key terms, namely: "gut microbiome", "estrogen", "menopause", "polycystic ovarian syndrome", "pregnancy", and "menstruation". In polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the abundance of and the ratio of was found to be increased while that of ML615J-28 124-7 and S24-7 was reduced. In breast cancer, the abundance of was enhanced, while in cervical cancer, and were enhanced but and members of were decreased. In ovarian cancer, abundance was increased. Interestingly, the administration of , and ameliorated PCOS symptoms while that of a mix of W51, W23, W63, W52, W24, W37, W19, W56, and W58 alleviated vascular malfunction and arterial stiffness in obese postmenopausal women, and finally, while further research is needed, maybe protective against postmenopausal bone mass loss. As several studies report the therapeutic potential of probiotics and since the gut microbiota of certain female pathological states has been relatively characterized, we speculate that the administration of certain bacterial species as probiotics is warranted, as novel independent or adjunct therapies for various female pathologies.
PubMed: 36421397
DOI: 10.3390/biology11111683 -
Meat Science Oct 2023This study evaluated the contributions of Clostridium butyricum on skeletal muscle development, gastrointestinal flora and meat quality of lambs. Eighteen Dorper...
This study evaluated the contributions of Clostridium butyricum on skeletal muscle development, gastrointestinal flora and meat quality of lambs. Eighteen Dorper (♂) × Small Tailed Han sheep (♀) crossed ewe lambs of similar weight (27.43 ± 1.94 kg; age, 88 ± 5 days) were divided into two dietary treatments. The control group was fed the basal diet (C group), and the probiotic group was supplemented with C. butyricum on the basis of the C group (2.5 × 10 cfu/g, 5 g/day/lamb; P group) for 90 d. The results showed that dietary C. butyricum elevated growth performance, muscle mass, muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area, and decreased the shear force value of meat (P < 0.05). Moreover, C. butyricum supplementation accelerated protein synthesis by regulating the gene expression of IGF-1/Akt/mTOR pathway. We identified 54 differentially expressed proteins that regulated skeletal muscle development through different mechanisms by quantitative proteomics. These proteins were associated with ubiquitin-protease, apoptosis, muscle structure, energy metabolism, heat shock, and oxidative stress. The metagenomics sequencing results showed that Petrimonas at the genus level and Prevotella brevis at the species level in the rumen, while Lachnoclostridium, Alloprevotella and Prevotella at the genus level in the feces, were significantly enriched in the P group. Also, butyric acid and valeric acid levels were elevated in both rumen and feces of the P group. Overall, our results support the idea that C. butyricum could change gastrointestinal flora, and affect skeletal muscle development and meat quality of lambs by modulating gut-muscle axis.
Topics: Female; Sheep; Animals; Clostridium butyricum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dietary Supplements; Meat; Muscle Development; Animal Feed; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37301103
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109235 -
Microbial Cell Factories Dec 2021All living organisms have developed during evolution complex time-keeping biological clocks that allowed them to stay attuned to their environments. Circadian rhythms...
BACKGROUND
All living organisms have developed during evolution complex time-keeping biological clocks that allowed them to stay attuned to their environments. Circadian rhythms cycle on a near 24 h clock. These encompass a variety of changes in the body ranging from blood hormone levels to metabolism, to the gut microbiota composition and others. The gut microbiota, in return, influences the host stress response and the physiological changes associated with it, which makes it an important determinant of health. Lactobacilli are traditionally consumed for their prophylactic and therapeutic benefits against various diseases, namely, the inflammatory bowel syndrome, and even emerged recently as promising psychobiotics. However, the potential role of lactobacilli in the normalization of circadian rhythms has not been addressed.
RESULTS
Two-month-old male rats were randomly divided into three groups and housed under three different light/dark cycles for three months: natural light, constant light and constant darkness. The strain Levilactobacillus brevis 47f was administered to rats at a dose of 0.5 ml per rat for one month and The rats were observed for the following two months. As a result, we identified the biomarkers associated with intake of L. brevis 47f. Changing the light regime for three months depleted the reserves of the main buffer in the cell-reduced glutathione. Intake of L. brevis 47f for 30 days restored cellular reserves of reduced glutathione and promoted redox balance. Our results indicate that the levels of urinary catecholamines correlated with light/dark cycles and were influenced by intake of L. brevis 47f. The gut microbiota of rats was also influenced by these factors. L. brevis 47f intake was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Roseburia and a decrease in the relative abundance of Prevotella and Bacteroides.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study show that oral administration of L. brevis 47f, for one month, to rats housed under abnormal lightning conditions (constant light or constant darkness) normalized their physiological parameters and promoted the gut microbiome's balance.
Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Darkness; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Levilactobacillus brevis; Light; Male; Probiotics; Rats
PubMed: 34930242
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01716-x -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Oct 2023This study formulated sweet potato chips with powdered potentially probiotic Levilactobacillus brevis (SPLB) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (SPLP) and evaluated their...
An In Vitro Study of the Impacts of Sweet Potato Chips with Potentially Probiotic Levilactobacillus brevis and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Human Intestinal Microbiota : Impacts of potato chips with probiotics on intestinal microbiota.
This study formulated sweet potato chips with powdered potentially probiotic Levilactobacillus brevis (SPLB) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (SPLP) and evaluated their impacts on human intestinal microbiota during 48 h of in vitro colonic fermentation. L. brevis and L. plantarum kept high viable cell counts (> 6 log CFU/g) on sweet potato chips after freeze-drying and during 60 days of storage. SPLB and SPLP had satisfactory quality parameters during 60 days of storage. SPLB and SPLP increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus ssp./Enterococcus spp. (3.84-10.22%) and Bifidobacterium spp. (3.25-12.45%) and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides spp./Prevotella spp. (8.56-2.16%), Clostridium histolyticum (8.23-2.33%), and Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides (8.07-1.33%) during 48 h of in vitro colonic fermentation. SPLB and SPLP achieved high positive prebiotic indexes (> 8.24), decreased pH values and sugar contents, and increased lactic acid and short-chain fatty acid production, proving selective stimulatory effects on beneficial bacterial groups forming the intestinal microbiota. The results showed that SPLB and SPLP have good stability and high viable cell counts of L. brevis and L. plantarum when stored under room temperature and caused positive impacts on human intestinal microbiota, making them potentially probiotic non-dairy snack options.
PubMed: 37792211
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10168-1 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Sep 2021The inclusion of feed additives and the implementation of various nutritional strategies are studied to modify the rumen microbiome and consequently its function....
The inclusion of feed additives and the implementation of various nutritional strategies are studied to modify the rumen microbiome and consequently its function. Nevertheless, rumen enzymatic activity and its intermediate products are not always matched with the microbiome structure. To further elucidate such differences a two-phase trial using twenty-two dairy goats was carried out. During the first phase, both groups (20HF n = 11; high forage and 20HG n = 11; high grain) were supplemented with 20 g spp./goat/day. The 20HF group consumed a diet with a forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio of 60:40 and the 20HG-diet consisted of a F:C = 40:60. In the second phase, the supplementation level of spp. was increased to 40 g/day/goat while the F:C ratio between the two groups were remained identical (40HF n = 11; high forage and 40HG n = 11; high grain). By utilizing a next-generation sequencing technology, we monitored that the high microalgae inclusion level and foremost in combination with a high grains diet increased the unmapped bacteria within the rumen. Bacteroidetes and were increased in the 40HG -fed goats as observed by using a qPCR platform. Additionally, methanogens and Methanomassiliicoccales were increased in high microalgae-fed goats, while and Methanobacteriales were decreased. Fibrolytic bacteria were decreased in high microalgae-fed goats, while cellulolytic activity was increased. Ammonia was decreased in high grains-fed goats, while docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids showed a lower degradation rate in the rumen of high forage-fed goats. The alteration of the F:C ratio in goats supplemented with spp. levels modified both ruminal microbiota and enzymatic activity. However, there was no significant consistency in the relations between them.
PubMed: 34573711
DOI: 10.3390/ani11092746 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Feb 2023Supplementing ruminant diets with microalgae, may prove an effective nutritional strategy to manipulate rumen microbiota. Forty-eight ewes were divided into four...
Supplementing ruminant diets with microalgae, may prove an effective nutritional strategy to manipulate rumen microbiota. Forty-eight ewes were divided into four homogenous groups ( = 12) according to their fat-corrected milk yield (6%), body weight, age, and days in milk, and were fed individually with concentrate, alfalfa hay, and wheat straw. The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no supplementation, while in the treated groups 5 (SP5), 10 (SP10), and 15 g (SP15) of were supplemented as an additive in the concentrate. An initial screening using metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology was followed by RT-qPCR analysis for the targeting of specific microbes, which unveiled the main alterations of the rumen microbiota under the supplementation levels. The relative abundance of and in rumen fluid, as well as in rumen solid fraction, were significantly increased in the SP15 group. Furthermore, the relative abundance of was significantly increased in the rumen fluid of the SP5 and SP10 groups. In contrast, the relative abundance of was significantly decreased in the rumen fluid of the SP10 compared to the CON group, while in the solid fraction it was significantly decreased in the SP groups. Moreover, the relative abundance of was significantly decreased in the SP5 and SP15 groups, while the relative abundance of was significantly decreased in the SP groups. Consequently, supplementing 15 g /ewe/day increased the relative abundance of key cellulolytic species in the rumen, while amylolytic species were reduced only in the solid fraction.
PubMed: 36830527
DOI: 10.3390/ani13040740 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jul 2022This study aimed to explore the effects of different levels of barley starch instead of corn starch on the rumen fermentation and microflora when feeding a corn-based...
This study aimed to explore the effects of different levels of barley starch instead of corn starch on the rumen fermentation and microflora when feeding a corn-based diet to Hu sheep. Thirty-two male Hu sheep equipped with permanent rumen fistulas were selected and fed in individual metabolic cages. All sheep were randomly divided into four groups (eight sheep in each group) and fed with four diets containing a similar starch content, but from different starch sources, including 100% of starch derived from corn (CS), 33% of starch derived from barley + 67% of starch derived from corn (33 BS), 67% of starch derived from barley + 33% of starch derived from corn (67 BS) and 100% of starch derived from barley (100 BS). The experimental period included a 14 d adaptation period and a 2 d continuous data collection period. The results showed that the molar proportions of acetate, isobutyrate, butyrate and isovalerate and the ratio of acetate to propionate in the 67 BS and 100 BS groups decreased compared with the CS and 33 BS groups (p < 0.001), while the molar proportions of propionate and valerate increased (p < 0.001). The combination of 33% barley starch and 67% corn starch in the diet improved the production of TVFAs (p = 0.007). The OTUs and Shannon indexes of the CS and 33 BS groups were higher than the 67 BS and 100 BS groups (p < 0.001), and the Chao1 and Ace indexes were higher than the 100 BS group (p < 0.05). In addition, the 33 BS group had increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella and Ruminococcus and the abundances of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium and Prevotella brevis relative to the CS group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the substitution of 33% of the CS with BS did not change the rumen fermentation pattern relative to the CS group, and increased the richness and diversity of the rumen microbes in Hu sheep compared with other two starch substitute groups.
PubMed: 35953930
DOI: 10.3390/ani12151941 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2020Obesity is becoming a pandemic and percutaneous electrical stimulation (PENS) of dermatome T6 has been demonstrated to reduce stomach motility and appetite, allowing...
Obesity is becoming a pandemic and percutaneous electrical stimulation (PENS) of dermatome T6 has been demonstrated to reduce stomach motility and appetite, allowing greater weight loss than isolated hypocaloric diets. However, modulation of intestinal microbiota could improve this effect and control cardiovascular risk factors. Our objective was to test whether addition of probiotics could improve weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in obese subjects after PENS and a hypocaloric diet. A pilot prospective study was performed in patients ( = 20) with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m. Half of them underwent ten weeks of PENS in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet (PENS-Diet), and the other half was treated with a PENS-Diet plus multistrain probiotics (, , and ) administration. Fecal samples were obtained before and after interventions. The weight loss and changes in blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile, and in gut microbiota were investigated. Weight loss was significantly higher (16.2 vs. 11.1 kg, = 0.022), whereas glycated hemoglobin and triglycerides were lower (-0.46 vs. -0.05%, = 0.032, and -47.0 vs. -8.5 mg/dL, = 0.002, respectively) in patients receiving PENS-Diet + probiotics compared with those with a PENS-Diet. Moreover, an enrichment of anti-obesogenic bacteria, including , and the attenuation of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were noted in fecal samples after probiotics administration. In obese patients, the addition of probiotics to a PENS intervention under a hypocaloric diet could further improve weight loss and glycemic and lipid profile in parallel to the amelioration of gut dysbiosis.
Topics: Diet, Reducing; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Pilot Projects; Probiotics; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 33023060
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197239 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Propionate is a microbial metabolite formed in the gastrointestinal tract, and it affects host physiology as a source of energy and signaling molecule. Despite the...
Propionate is a microbial metabolite formed in the gastrointestinal tract, and it affects host physiology as a source of energy and signaling molecule. Despite the importance of propionate, the biochemical pathways responsible for its formation are not clear in all microbes. For the succinate pathway used during fermentation, a key enzyme appears to be missing-one that oxidizes ferredoxin and reduces NAD. Here we show that Rnf [ferredoxin-NAD oxidoreductase (Na-transporting)] is this key enzyme in two abundant bacteria of the rumen (Prevotella brevis and Prevotella ruminicola). We found these bacteria form propionate, succinate, and acetate with the classic succinate pathway. Without ferredoxin:NAD oxidoreductase, redox cofactors would be unbalanced; it would produce almost equal excess amounts of reduced ferredoxin and oxidized NAD. By combining growth experiments, genomics, proteomics, and enzyme assays, we point to the possibility that these bacteria solve this problem by oxidizing ferredoxin and reducing NAD with Rnf [ferredoxin-NAD oxidoreductase (Na-transporting)]. Genomic and phenotypic data suggest many bacteria may use Rnf similarly. This work shows the ferredoxin:NAD oxidoreductase activity of Rnf is important to propionate formation in Prevotella species and other bacteria from the environment, and it provides fundamental knowledge for manipulating fermentative propionate production.
Topics: Animals; Ferredoxins; Propionates; NAD; Fermentation; Glucose; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Succinates; Succinic Acid; Prevotella
PubMed: 37777597
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43282-9 -
Metabolites Apr 2024The oral cavity contains a vast array of microbes that contribute to the balance between oral health and disease. In addition, oral bacteria can gain access to the...
The oral cavity contains a vast array of microbes that contribute to the balance between oral health and disease. In addition, oral bacteria can gain access to the circulation and contribute to other diseases and chronic conditions. There are a limited number of publications available regarding the comparative lipidomics of oral bacteria and fungi involved in the construction of oral biofilms, hence our decision to study the lipidomics of representative oral bacteria and a fungus. We performed high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses (<2.0 ppm mass error) of the lipidomes from five Gram-positive commensal bacteria: , , , , and ; five Gram-positive opportunistic bacteria: , , , , and ; seven Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria: , , , , , and ; and one fungus: . Our mass spectrometric analytical platform allowed for a detailed evaluation of the many structural modifications made by microbes for the three major lipid scaffolds: glycerol, sphingosine and fatty acyls of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs).
PubMed: 38668368
DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040240