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Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni Apr 2020Prevotella species, being members of the human microbiota, are obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. These organisms may cause opportunistic infections, including...
Prevotella species, being members of the human microbiota, are obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. These organisms may cause opportunistic infections, including specific oral infections, local or systemic infections. A significant increase of resistance to some antimicrobials has been detected among Prevotella species. The frequency of resistance vary among isolates from different infection sources and between geographic locations. The knowledge about the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of different Prevotella species is limited in Turkey. Providing the antimicrobial susceptibility data of these bacteria is very important for effective empirical treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine susceptibility data for 12 antimicrobial agents against Prevotella strains originating from human infections, collected in two centers in Turkey. A total of 118 Prevotella strains, isolated from different clinical samples in Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Medical Microbiology and Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry Oral Microbiology Laboratories between January 2014-December 2017, were tested. Organisms were identified by using MALDI-TOF MS and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Minimal inhibitor concentrations of ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, meropenem, imipenem, clindamycin, tetracycline, tigecycline, moxifloxacin and metronidazole were determined using gradiyent test methodology (E-test; bioMerieux, France) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and Food and Drug Administration guidelines were used for interpretation. Thirteen different Prevotella species were identified, Prevotella bivia and Prevotella nigrescens were the most prevalent species (n= 21) followed by Prevotella buccae (n= 19). All Prevotella strains were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, meropenem, imipenem and tigecycline. A total of 2 (1.7%) isolates were resistant to metronidazole and 1 (0.8%) isolate was intermediately resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam. The frequency of resistant isolates against ampicillin, clindamycin, tetracycline and moxifloxacin were 57.6%, 36.4%, 18% and 16.3%, respectively. In conclusion, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoxitin, and tigecycline displayed high in vitro activity against Prevotella spp. and they all remained good candidates for empiric therapy. Imipenem and meropenem were also found to be very active, but the usage of carbapenems should be reserved for serious mixed infections, potentially accompanied by other resistant organisms. Intermediate resistance to ampicillinsulbactam and the resistance against metronidazole emphasized the need of periodic monitoring of their susceptibility patterns. The high rates of non-susceptibility to ampicillin, clindamycin, tetracycline and moxifloxacin indicated that these antimicrobials should not be used for treatment of infections without prior antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Turkey
PubMed: 32723280
DOI: 10.5578/mb.69309 -
Current Microbiology Sep 2019A novel Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JS262, was isolated from human subgingival plaque...
A novel Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JS262, was isolated from human subgingival plaque of periodontitis lesion and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Comparison of 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) sequence revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Prevotella. The percent similarity of 16S rDNA of strain JS262 was closest to those of Prevotella buccae ATCC 33574 (89.1%) and Prevotella shahii JCM 12083 (88.9%). The major fatty acids of strain JS262 were C (29.2%), iso-C (19.2%), and anteiso-C (16.9%). Complete genome of strain JS262 was 2,691,540 bp in length and the G+C content was 43.9 mol%. Average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distance values between strain JS262 and P. buccae ATCC 33574 or P. loescheii DSM 19665 were > 70.4% and > 30.1%, respectively. On the basis of these data, a novel Prevotella species is proposed: Prevotella koreensis sp. nov. The type strain of P. koreensis is JS262 (= KCOM 3155 = JCM 33298).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Dental Plaque; Fatty Acids; Female; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Phylogeny; Prevotella
PubMed: 31214821
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01720-w -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Nov 2021
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cautery; Deglutition Disorders; Dissection; Fistula; Humans; Male; Pharyngitis; Prevotella; Pyriform Sinus; Secondary Prevention; Thyroid Gland; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 34736611
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.08.023 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2020A 76-year-old man presented with neck swelling associated with pain and fever. On examination, there was a submental neck swelling. His initial CT scan showed...
A 76-year-old man presented with neck swelling associated with pain and fever. On examination, there was a submental neck swelling. His initial CT scan showed multiloculated abscess centred in the left submandibular gland. He remained febrile despite on intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole. A repeat CT scan revealed significant worsening with multiple pockets of fluids with gas locules in the deep neck spaces. He subsequently underwent neck exploration and drainage of neck abscess. Extensive necrotic tissue was found intraoperatively and thick pus was drained from the bilateral parapharyngeal, submental spaces and anterior mediastium. Pus culture profusely grew of species. Patient recovered well following further intravenous antibiotic therapy. Diabetes mellitus and odontogenic infections are the common risk factors in deep neck infections. Our patient is however non-diabetic and edentulous. Current case is presented to serve as a rare case of neck abscess with unusual cause in a non-diabetic patient.
Topics: Abscess; Actinobacteria; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Neck; Prevotella; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31919070
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-233467 -
Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Feb 2023The objective of this study was to analyze the microbial profile of individuals with peri-implantitis (PI) compared to those of periodontally healthy (PH) subjects and...
PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to analyze the microbial profile of individuals with peri-implantitis (PI) compared to those of periodontally healthy (PH) subjects and periodontitis (PT) subjects using Illumina sequencing.
METHODS
Buccal, supragingival, and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 109 subjects (PH: 30, PT: 49, and PI: 30). The V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA was sequenced and analyzed to profile the plaque microbiota.
RESULTS
Microbial community diversity in the PI group was higher than in the other groups, and the 3 groups showed significantly separated clusters in the buccal samples. The PI group showed different patterns of relative abundance from those in the PH and PT groups depending on the sampling site at both genus and phylum levels. In all samples, some bacterial species presented considerably higher relative abundances in the PI group than in the PH and PT groups, including , , , , , , , , and . Network analysis identified that several well-known periodontal pathogens and newly recognized bacteria were closely correlated with each other.
CONCLUSIONS
The composition of the microbiota was considerably different in PI subjects compared to PH and PT subjects, and these results could shed light on the mechanisms involved in the development of PI.
PubMed: 36468472
DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2202080104 -
International Journal of Rheumatic... Jun 2024Alterations in gut microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to...
OBJECTIVE
Alterations in gut microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to investigate changes in gut microbiota and metabolites in individuals with AS before and after treatment with secukinumab, to identify the biological characteristics specific to AS patients and investigate the potential biomarkers, for optimizing therapeutic strategies more effectively.
METHODS
Fecal microbiome data were collected from 30 AS patients before and after secukinumab therapy and compared with data from 40 healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we analyzed the metabolic profile of both groups from plasma.
RESULTS
Findings indicated that the treatment-induced changes in the composition of several crucial bacterial groups, including Megamonas, Prevotella_9, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bacteroides, and Agathobacter. Post-treatment, these groups exhibited a distribution more akin to that of the healthy populations compared with their pretreatment status. We identified three gut microbial taxa, namely Prevotellaceae_bacterium_Marseille_P2831, Prevotella_buccae, and Elusimicrobiota, as potential biomarkers for diagnosing individuals at a higher risk of developing AS and assessing disease outcomes. Plasma metabolomics analysis revealed 479 distinct metabolites and highlighted three disrupted metabolic pathways. Integration of microbiome and metabolomics datasets demonstrated a significant degree of correlation, underscoring the impact of the microbiome on metabolic activity.
CONCLUSION
Secukinumab can restore the balance of the gut microbiome and metabolites in AS patients, rendering them more similar to those found in the healthy population. The analysis of microbiome and metabolomics data have unveiled some candidate biomarkers capable of evaluating treatment efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Female; Adult; Feces; Metabolomics; Treatment Outcome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Case-Control Studies; Ribotyping; Middle Aged; Bacteria; Biomarkers; Predictive Value of Tests; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38923187
DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.15218 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Sep 2019Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of Munchausen syndrome is important not only for the patient but also for health care workers because a delay in diagnosis can...
BACKGROUND
Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of Munchausen syndrome is important not only for the patient but also for health care workers because a delay in diagnosis can worsen patients' clinical outcomes, and result in a substantial medical cost.
CASE PRESENTATION
A young and previously healthy 24-year-old Japanese woman, a nurse, presented with complaints of refractory abscess on her left upper limb for 3 months. A physical examination on admission revealed low-grade fever and a subcutaneous abscess in her left forearm. Laboratory data suggested mild systemic inflammation and liver dysfunction, but no abnormalities of the immune system, including changes in the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils, neutrophil phagocytic capacity, and natural killer (NK) cell activity, were observed. A human immunodeficiency virus test was also negative. Multiple modalities, including positron emission tomography-computed tomography, failed to detect any cause and focus of infection except her left upper limb. Streptococcus mitis and Prevotella buccae were detected from the wound, but no microorganisms were detected in a blood culture. The cellulitis promptly resolved; however, exacerbation of the subcutaneous abscess with polymicrobial bacteremia repeatedly occurred unexpectedly. Because of this puzzling clinical course, the possibility of self-injury was finally suspected. Three syringes with needles, with a turbid liquid, were found in our patient's bag. Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococcus faecalis were detected in the liquid, and an analysis via repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction determined that Enterococcus faecalis in the wound and syringe contents were genetically identical. She was diagnosed as having Munchausen syndrome and treated with the collaboration of a psychiatrist. She finally confessed that she had injected her own saliva and toilet water into the drip line and wound.
CONCLUSIONS
This case report is valuable in that it is the first case in which this syndrome was diagnosed by a genetic method. Munchausen syndrome should not be neglected as a possible cause of refractory and recurrent infection.
Topics: Abscess; Bacteremia; Cellulitis; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Forearm; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Munchausen Syndrome; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Subcutaneous Tissue; Young Adult
PubMed: 31511062
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2212-7 -
Journal of the American College of... Oct 2020Purulent pericarditis is an extremely rare disease accounting for <1% of pericarditis cases. Purulent pericarditis with hemodyamically unstable tamponade if untreated is...
Purulent pericarditis is an extremely rare disease accounting for <1% of pericarditis cases. Purulent pericarditis with hemodyamically unstable tamponade if untreated is fatal. Furthermore, although idiopathic polymicrobial disease is documented, a combination , , and have not been found in the literature by the authors. What follows is a case of a 58-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) with these features and underwent emergent bedside pericardiocentesis and a brief review of current pericardiocentesis techniques in the emergency department.
PubMed: 33145514
DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12202 -
Cureus Oct 2023We present the case of a 53-year-old male with complicated left-sided parapneumonic effusion due to and . Management required video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and...
We present the case of a 53-year-old male with complicated left-sided parapneumonic effusion due to and . Management required video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and partial decortication of the left lung. Complications during the hospital stay were extensive, including sepsis, acute hypoxic respiratory failure, alcohol withdrawal, and transient ischemic attack.
PubMed: 38022023
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47443