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Anaerobe Aug 2022Prevotella species are Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli mainly involved in oral cavity infections. We report a rare case of bacteremia due to P. oris of probable hepatic...
Prevotella species are Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli mainly involved in oral cavity infections. We report a rare case of bacteremia due to P. oris of probable hepatic origin. A 70-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus was admitted for general malaise, fever and dyspnea. The patient was admitted to the ICU due to septic shock. Two sets of blood cultures yielded a pure culture of an anaerobic microorganism identified as P. oris by MALDI-TOF MS. The same microorganism was isolated from a hepatic abscess drainage. Only resistance to penicillin was documented. Treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam and levofloxacin was administered, and the patient was discharged following his recovery.
Topics: Aged; Bacteremia; Humans; Male; Prevotella; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 35598874
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102586 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Dental caries is a frequently occurring and multifactorial chronic disease in children resulting from the interaction of cariogenic bacteria and host susceptibility. The...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Dental caries is a frequently occurring and multifactorial chronic disease in children resulting from the interaction of cariogenic bacteria and host susceptibility. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impacts of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) on microbiota of dental caries in children by 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Enrolled in this study were 15 children with primary PID with caries (PID group) and 15 healthy children with caries as a control (CG). The DMFT index, saliva flow rate, and buffering capacity of each participant were assessed before the metagenomic analyses were conducted. For taxonomic profiling, the reads were obtained by high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA.
RESULTS
The DMFT score, saliva flow rate, and buffering capacity of the groups were similar. The flow rate and buffering capacity had no correlation with the number of species with 95% confidence. The metagenomic analysis resulted in the identification of 2440 bacterial species in all of the samples. Among the 50 most prevalent species present at ≥1% relative abundance, and were differentially more abundant in the PID group. The PID group and CG showed similar species richness and evenness, but 4 of the 5 samples with the highest Shannon-Weiner and Inverse Simpson indices belonged to the PID group. The Spearman test results for correlation of the species in the PID subgroups showed that had a positively correlated relationship with both and genera incertae sedis.
CONCLUSION
This study provided insight into the caries microbiota of children with immunodeficiency diseases. Differentially abundant species, novel bacterial associations, and unique bacterial species were disclosed in the PID samples, indicating the role of the immune system in altering the caries microbiota. The prominent bacterial species and associations in the PID group should be suspected in regard to their link with present or future diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Child; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Female; Male; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; Child, Preschool; Saliva; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38813004
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5719 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe infection in cirrhotic patients that requires early diagnosis to improve the long-term outcome. Alterations in the...
BACKGROUND
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe infection in cirrhotic patients that requires early diagnosis to improve the long-term outcome. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been shown to correlate with the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. However, the relationship between SBP and gut microbiota remains unknown.
METHODS
In this study, we applied 16S rRNA pyrosequencing of feces to ascertain possible links between the gut microbiota and SBP. We recruited 30 SBP patients, 30 decompensated cirrhotic patients without SBP (NSBP) and 30 healthy controls. Metagenomic functional prediction of bacterial taxa was achieved using PICRUSt.
RESULTS
The composition of the gut microbiota in the SBP patients differed remarkably from that in the NSBP patients and healthy individuals. The microbial richness was significantly decreased, while the diversity was increased in the SBP patients. Thirty-four bacterial taxa containing 15 species, mainly pathogens such as , and , were dominant in the SBP group, while 42 bacterial taxa containing 16 species, especially beneficial species such as , and , were enriched in the NSBP group. Notably, we found that 18 gene functions of gut microbiota were different between SBP patients and NSBP patients, which were associated with energy metabolism and functional substance metabolism. Five optimal microbial markers were determined using a random forest model, and the combination of , , , and achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.8383 to distinguish SBP from decompensated cirrhosis.
CONCLUSIONS
We described the obvious dysbiosis of gut microbiota in SBP patients and demonstrated the potential of microbial markers as noninvasive diagnostic tools for SBP at an early stage.
Topics: Bacteria; Dysbiosis; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Liver Cirrhosis; Peritonitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36147601
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.999418 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Nov 2021BACKGROUND Bacterial pericarditis can present a diagnostic challenge due to the difficulty of obtaining tissue for bacterial identification. This report is of a...
BACKGROUND Bacterial pericarditis can present a diagnostic challenge due to the difficulty of obtaining tissue for bacterial identification. This report is of a 34-year-old man who presented with fever and cough. Diagnosis was initially delayed without a tissue sample, but the patient was later found to have polymicrobial bacterial pericarditis. CASE REPORT A 34-year-old man from the Democratic Republic of Congo presented to the emergency room with cough, fever, and night sweats. He was admitted and found to have pericardial thickening and fluid collection with calcifications. A tissue sample was not obtained for diagnosis, and he was discharged on RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) and steroids for presumed tuberculosis pericarditis. He worsened clinically and was readmitted to the hospital with evolving pericardial effusion with air present, in addition to new pleural effusion and parenchymal consolidation. He subsequently underwent thoracotomy and pericardial biopsy. Tissue cultures and sequence-based bacterial analysis eventually revealed the presence of Prevotella oris and Fusobacterium nucleatum. He improved dramatically with appropriate antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS This report demonstrates the importance of undergoing further diagnostic work-up for bacterial pericarditis, especially in resource-rich settings. Although tuberculosis pericarditis should remain high on the differential, it is imperative not to anchor on that diagnosis. Instead, when feasible and safe, tissue biopsy should be obtained and sent for organism identification. AFB smears and cultures, Xpert MTB/RIF, and sequence-based bacterial analysis have all been used for identification. Delay in diagnosis can lead to progression of disease and unnecessary incorrect therapies.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Pericardial Effusion; Pericarditis; Pericarditis, Tuberculous; Prevotella
PubMed: 34782592
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.933684 -
EJVES Vascular Forum 2023First described in 1937, Q fever remains a relatively new disease, with much to be learned about its presentation and diagnosis. Due to its role in the development of...
INTRODUCTION
First described in 1937, Q fever remains a relatively new disease, with much to be learned about its presentation and diagnosis. Due to its role in the development of aortic aneurysms and vascular graft infections, its implications in the vascular domain have become increasingly reported. This is a report of two cases of vascular complications associated with oxiella burnetii infection, and the challenges in managing their unique presentations.
REPORTS
Case 1: A 70 year old man with a prosthetic aortobiiliac graft and past Q fever infection presented with acute sepsis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed soft tissue thickening and stranding around the graft, and locules of gas within the vessel. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a chain of abscesses within the right gluteal region, of which aspirate grew and . Open explanation of the aortic graft and replacement by superficial femoral vein was performed. Tissue culture confirmed a polymicrobial infection, and PCR of the aortic wall and pre-aortic lymph node was positive for Q fever. He was treated for recrudescent Q fever infection with a good outcome and recovery. Case 2: A 73 year old man had an incidental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) identified at the time of Q fever diagnosis. Following an incomplete course of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine, the aneurysm rapidly progressed, leading to presentation with right flank pain. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) showed multiple foci of uptake within the aneurysm wall. Open AAA repair with a polyester graft was performed, with AAA tissue positive for Q fever on PCR. The operation was successful, with the patient continuing clearance therapy at time of writing.
DISCUSSION
Q fever infection poses serious implications for patients with vascular grafts and AAAs, and thus, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mycotic aortic aneurysms and in aortic graft infections.
PubMed: 37389372
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvsvf.2023.05.005 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024Tongue coating microbiota has aroused particular interest in profiling oral and digestive system cancers. However, little is known on the relationship between tongue...
BACKGROUND
Tongue coating microbiota has aroused particular interest in profiling oral and digestive system cancers. However, little is known on the relationship between tongue coating microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS
Metagenomic shotgun sequencing was performed on tongue coating samples collected from 30 patients with CRC, 30 patients with colorectal polyps (CP), and 30 healthy controls (HC). We further validated the potential of the tongue coating microbiota to predict the CRC by a random forest model.
RESULTS
We found a greater species diversity in CRC samples, and the nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis pathway was more apparent in the CRC group. Importantly, various species across participants jointly shaped three distinguishable fur types.The tongue coating microbiome profiling data gave an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.915 in discriminating CRC patients from control participants; species such as , and aided differentiation of CRC patients from healthy participants.
CONCLUSION
These results elucidate the use of tongue coating microbiome in CRC patients firstly, and the fur-types observed contribute to a better understanding of the microbial community in human. Furthermore, the tongue coating microbiota-based biomarkers provide a valuable reference for CRC prediction and diagnosis.
PubMed: 38686186
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2344278 -
ERJ Open Research Apr 2021Childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are associated with dysbiosis of the nasopharyngeal microbiota, and persistent dysbiosis following the LRTI may in...
Childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are associated with dysbiosis of the nasopharyngeal microbiota, and persistent dysbiosis following the LRTI may in turn be related to recurrent or chronic respiratory problems. Therefore, we aimed to investigate microbial and clinical predictors of early recurrence of respiratory symptoms as well as recovery of the microbial community following hospital admission for LRTI in children. To this end, we collected clinical data and characterised the nasopharyngeal microbiota of 154 children (4 weeks-5 years old) hospitalised for a LRTI (bronchiolitis, pneumonia, wheezing illness or mixed infection) at admission and 4-8 weeks later. Data were compared to 307 age-, sex- and time-matched healthy controls. During follow-up, 66% of cases experienced recurrence of (mild) respiratory symptoms. In cases with recurrence of symptoms during follow-up, we found distinct nasopharyngeal microbiota at hospital admission, with higher levels of and other gram-negatives and lower levels of and compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, in cases with recurrence of respiratory symptoms, recovery of the microbiota was also diminished. Especially in cases with wheezing illness, we observed a high rate of recurrence of respiratory symptoms, as well as diminished microbiota recovery at follow-up. Together, our results suggest a link between the nasopharyngeal microbiota composition during LRTI and early recurrence of respiratory symptoms, as well as diminished microbiota recovery after 4-8 weeks. Future studies should investigate whether (speed of) ecological recovery following childhood LRTI is associated with long-term respiratory problems.
PubMed: 34195257
DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00939-2020 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2023Biofilm-free implant surface is ultimate prerequisite for successful soft and bone tissue integration. Objective of the study was to estimate the effects of argon plasma...
PURPOSE
Biofilm-free implant surface is ultimate prerequisite for successful soft and bone tissue integration. Objective of the study was to estimate the effects of argon plasma healing abutment pre-treatment (PT) on peri-implant soft-tissue phenotype (PiSP), inflammation, plaque accumulation and the microbiome (PiM) between non-treated (NPT) and treated (PT) abutments following 3-months healing period. The hypothesis was that cell-conductive and antimicrobial properties of PT would yield optimal conditions for soft tissue integration.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two months following second-phase surgery, microbiological and clinical parameters were assessed around thirty-six healing abutments with two types of microtopography, smooth surface (MACHINED) and ultrathin threaded microsurface (ROUGH). A two level randomization schema was used to achieve equal distribution and abutments were randomly divided into rough and machined groups, and then divided into PT and NPT groups. PiM was assessed using next-generation DNA sequencing.
RESULTS
PiM bacterial composition was highly diverse already two months post-implantation, consisting of key-stone pathogens, early and late colonizers, while the mycobiome was less diverse. PT was associated with lower plaque accumulation and inflammation without significant impact on PiSP, while in NPT clinical parameters were increased and associated with periopathogens. NPT mostly harbored late colonizers, while PT exerted higher abundance of early colonizers suggesting less advanced plaque formation. Interaction analysis in PT demonstrated S. mitis co-occurrence with pro-healthy Rothia dentocariosa and co-exclusion with Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella oris. PiSP parameters were generally similar between the groups, but significant association between PiM and keratinized mucosa width was observed in both groups, with remarkably more expressed diversity in NPT compared to PT. PT resulted in significantly lower BOP and PI around rough and machined abutments, respectively, without specific effect on PiM and PiSP.
CONCLUSIONS
PT contributed to significantly the less advanced biofilm accumulation and inflammation without specific effects on PiSP.
Topics: Humans; Argon; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque; Dental Prosthesis Design; Inflammation; Microbiota; Plasma Gases; Titanium
PubMed: 36650477
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02729-1 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2022The aim of this study was to determine the adequacy and safety of needle aspiration (NA) as an alternative to open surgical drainage for oral-maxillofacial abscesses....
The aim of this study was to determine the adequacy and safety of needle aspiration (NA) as an alternative to open surgical drainage for oral-maxillofacial abscesses. Fifteen consecutive patients who were diagnosed with oral-maxillofacial abscesses via contrast-enhanced CT from January 2020 to December 2020 were included. All patients were on antibiotics and treated with NA under local anaesthesia using a 20 mL syringe. Data collection included patient characteristics, signs and symptoms, physical examinations, laboratory tests, imaging findings, and outcomes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify the infectious microorganisms from the abscess samples. The study included 15 patients with oral-maxillofacial abscesses. None of our 15 patients required surgical incision and drainage, although repeat aspiration was required. However, after the first NA, the pain was reportedly extremely relieved for all patients. The average duration of antibiotic treatment was 9.20 ± 5.15 days (range 4-23 days). The abscess-affected spaces mainly included the masseter space and submandibular space. Odontogenic infection was the most common aetiology in 15 patients (10/15). The average volume of the abscesses on CT was 5866.26 ± 3627.18 mm. The main pathogens identified in this study were Prevotella oris (5/15), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (4/15) and Porphyromonas endodontalis (2/15). According to the results of our study, the data support the use of NA as an effective, minimally invasive treatment modality for oral-maxillofacial abscesses. Surgeons should familiarise themselves with this technique, as it can easily be performed in the clinic using local anaesthesia, culture samples may be obtained, and airway obstruction and pain may be relieved.
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Paracentesis; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 34536922
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103216 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Jun 2024
PubMed: 38916926
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004466