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Cells Sep 2022Probiotics can alter brain function via the gut-brain axis. We investigated the effect of a probiotic mixture containing , and . In a randomized, placebo-controlled,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Probiotics can alter brain function via the gut-brain axis. We investigated the effect of a probiotic mixture containing , and . In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover design, 22 healthy subjects (6 m/16 f; 24.2 ± 3.4 years) underwent four-week intervention periods with probiotics and placebo, separated by a four-week washout period. Voxel-based morphometry indicated that the probiotic intervention affected the gray matter volume of a cluster covering the left supramarginal gyrus and superior parietal lobule ( < 0.0001), two regions that were also among those with an altered resting state functional connectivity. Probiotic intervention resulted in significant (FDR < 0.05) functional connectivity changes between regions within the default mode, salience, frontoparietal as well as the language network and several regions located outside these networks. Psychological symptoms trended towards improvement after probiotic intervention, i.e., the total score of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( = 0.056) and its depression sub-score ( = 0.093), as well as sleep patterns ( = 0.058). The probiotic intervention evoked distinct changes in brain morphology and resting state brain function alongside slight improvements of psycho(bio)logical markers of the gut-brain axis. The combination of those parameters may provide new insights into the modes of action by which gut microbiota can affect gut-brain communication and hence brain function.
Topics: Bifidobacterium longum; Brain; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Lactobacillus helveticus; Probiotics
PubMed: 36139496
DOI: 10.3390/cells11182922 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Mar 2024The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or fermented foods can modulate the gut-brain axis and constitute a potentially therapeutic intervention in psychiatric... (Review)
Review
The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or fermented foods can modulate the gut-brain axis and constitute a potentially therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. This systematic review aims to identify current evidence regarding these interventions in the treatment of patients with DSM/ICD psychiatric diagnoses. Forty-seven articles from 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed in all included studies. Major depression was the most studied disorder (n = 19 studies). Studies frequently focused on schizophrenia (n = 11) and bipolar disorder (n = 5) and there were limited studies in anorexia nervosa (n = 4), ADHD (n = 3), Tourette (n = 1), insomnia (n = 1), PTSD (n = 1) and generalized anxiety disorder (n = 1). Except in MDD, current evidence does not clarify the role of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment of mental illness. Several studies point to an improvement in the immune and inflammatory profile (e.g. CRP, IL6), which may be a relevant mechanism of action of the therapeutic response identified in these studies. Future research should consider lifestyle and dietary habits of patients as possible confounders that may influence inter-individual treatment response.
Topics: Humans; Prebiotics; Synbiotics; Probiotics; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 38280441
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105561 -
Molecular Pharmaceutics Jul 2023Microorganisms that make up the local microbiota (such as sp. and sp.) play a crucial role in the modulation of diseases and health states by taking place not only in... (Review)
Review
Microorganisms that make up the local microbiota (such as sp. and sp.) play a crucial role in the modulation of diseases and health states by taking place not only in the gut but also in many parts of our body. There is also interference between the gut and the lung via the gut-lung axis. The relationship between respiratory diseases and lung microbiota, which become more of an issue of particular importance in recent years, shows that probiotics play an essential role in maintaining the balance of microorganisms in the respiratory tract. However, studies on probiotics' prophylactic or therapeutic application in chronic lung diseases are limited. In this review, the literature between 1977 and 2022 was surveyed. General information about human microbiota was accessed in earlier sources, and especially in the past decade, research on lung microbiota has been reached. The relationship between lung microbiota and important respiratory diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, allergy-asthma, influenza, lung cancer, and COVID-19 infection, was scrutinized after mentioning human microbiota, the gut-lung axis, and respiratory tract microbiota. The mechanism of action of probiotics and the formulation approaches of probiotics in terms of pharmaceutical technology were reviewed. Finally, future perspectives on lung-targeted administration of probiotic bacteria with prophylactic or therapeutic potential, or both, were presented.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; COVID-19; Probiotics; Microbiota; Lung; Bacteria
PubMed: 37340968
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00323 -
Cellular & Molecular Immunology Oct 2021Colitis is a common disease of the colon that is very difficult to treat. Probiotic bacteria could be an effective treatment. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917...
Colitis is a common disease of the colon that is very difficult to treat. Probiotic bacteria could be an effective treatment. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) was engineered to synthesize the ketone body (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) for sustainable production in the gut lumen of mice suffering from colitis. Components of heterologous 3HB synthesis routes were constructed, expressed, optimized, and inserted into the EcN genome, combined with deletions in competitive branch pathways. The genome-engineered EcN produced the highest 3HB level of 0.6 g/L under microaerobic conditions. The live therapeutic was found to colonize the mouse gastrointestinal tract over 14 days, elevating gut 3HB and short-chain-length fatty acid (SCFA) levels 8.7- and 3.1-fold compared to those of wild-type EcN, respectively. The sustainable presence of 3HB in mouse guts promoted the growth of probiotic bacteria, especially Akkermansia spp., to over 31% from the initial 2% of all the microbiome. As a result, the engineered EcN termed EcNL4 ameliorated colitis induced via dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Compared to wild-type EcN or oral administration of 3HB, oral EcNL4 uptake demonstrated better effects on mouse weights, colon lengths, occult blood levels, gut tissue myeloperoxidase activity and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Thus, a promising live bacterium was developed to improve colonic microenvironments and further treat colitis. This proof-of-concept design can be employed to treat other diseases of the colon.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Colitis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Mice; Probiotics
PubMed: 34480146
DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00760-2 -
Cancer Immunology Research Oct 2020Gut dysbiosis caused by antibiotics impairs response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Gut microbiota is becoming an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. The...
Gut dysbiosis caused by antibiotics impairs response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Gut microbiota is becoming an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. The MIYAIRI 588 strain is a probiotic therapy used to improve symptoms related to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in Japan. We hypothesized that probiotic therapy (CBT) may affect the therapeutic efficacy of ICBs. We retrospectively evaluated 118 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with ICBs at Kumamoto University Hospital (Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan). Survival analysis comparing patients given CBT before and/or after ICB was conducted using univariate analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression models using propensity score. Propensity score analyses confirmed that probiotic CBT significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Probiotic CBT significantly associated with longer PFS and OS even in patients who received antibiotic therapy. This study suggests that probiotic CBT may have a positive impact on therapeutic efficacy of ICB in patients with cancer..
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clostridium butyricum; Female; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 32665261
DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-20-0051 -
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN Sep 2022Nervous system disorders are one of the common problems that affect many people around the world every year. Regarding the beneficial effects of the probiotics on the...
Nervous system disorders are one of the common problems that affect many people around the world every year. Regarding the beneficial effects of the probiotics on the gut and the gut-brain axis, their application along with current medications has been the subject of intense interest. Psychobiotics are a probiotic strain capable to affect the gut-brain axis. The effective role of Psychobiotics in several neurological disorders is documented. Consumption of the Psychobiotics containing nutrients has positive effects on the improvement of microbiota as well as alleviation of some symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In the present study, the effects of probiotic strains on some CNS disorders in terms of controlling the disease symptoms were reviewed. Finding suggests that Psychobiotics can efficiently alleviate the symptoms of several CNS disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, insomnia, depression, diabetic neuropathy, and anorexia nervosa. It can be concluded that functional foods containing psychotropic strains can help to improve mental health.
Topics: Brain; Brain-Gut Axis; Central Nervous System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Probiotics
PubMed: 35849305
DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02053-3 -
Cancer Discovery May 2022The established impact of gut microbiota- and probiotic-derived metabolites on immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has spurred extensive efforts to identify strains and...
The established impact of gut microbiota- and probiotic-derived metabolites on immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has spurred extensive efforts to identify strains and druggable bioactive molecules of microbial origin that can improve tumor immune therapy. In this issue, Kawanabe-Matsuda and colleagues show that the exopolysaccharide EPS-R1 produced by the probiotic strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus augments the response to ICB therapy by expanding the population of Peyer's patches CCR6+ CD8+ T cells, which can subsequently migrate from the gut into CCL20-expressing tumors to enhance antitumor activity. See related article by Kawanabe-Matsuda et al., p. 1336 (10).
Topics: Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Immunotherapy; Lactobacillus; Precision Medicine; Probiotics
PubMed: 35491646
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-0221 -
Current Nutrition Reports Sep 2020To provide a focused analysis of the challenges to gut health in athletes and examine recent research aimed at determining the impact of probiotics on preventing... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To provide a focused analysis of the challenges to gut health in athletes and examine recent research aimed at determining the impact of probiotics on preventing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and loss of barrier function in athletes.
RECENT FINDINGS
Frequency and severity of GI symptoms during training or competition were reduced by approximately one-third in studies demonstrating efficacy. Improvement of GI symptoms with probiotic supplementation was measured in both single-strain Lactobacillus and multi-strain Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterim probiotics, while improvement in gut barrier function was only measured for multi-strain probiotics. Likelihood of efficacy increased with duration of supplementation. The greatest efficacy for reducing GI symptom frequency and severity, as well as improving or preserving gut barrier function during exercise training and competition, appears to be for multi-strain Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic cocktails supplemented for at least 11 weeks.
Topics: Athletes; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Probiotics
PubMed: 32451960
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00316-2 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Wound infections caused by opportunistic bacteria promote persistent infection and represent the main cause of delayed healing. Probiotics are acknowledged for their... (Review)
Review
Wound infections caused by opportunistic bacteria promote persistent infection and represent the main cause of delayed healing. Probiotics are acknowledged for their beneficial effects on the human body and could be utilized in the management of various diseases. They also possess the capacity to accelerate wound healing, due to their remarkable anti-pathogenic, antibiofilm, and immunomodulatory effects. Oral and topical probiotic formulations have shown promising openings in the field of dermatology, and there are various in vitro and in vivo models focusing on their healing mechanisms. Wound dressings embedded with prebiotics and probiotics are now prime candidates for designing wound healing therapeutic approaches to combat infections and to promote the healing process. The aim of this review is to conduct an extensive scientific literature review regarding the efficacy of oral and topical probiotics in wound management, as well as the potential of wound dressing embedding pre- and probiotics in stimulating the wound healing process.
Topics: Probiotics; Wound Healing; Humans; Animals; Wound Infection; Bandages
PubMed: 38891909
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115723 -
Internal Medicine Journal Jun 2024There are wide-ranging probiotic choices in Australasia. We reviewed the efficacy of probiotics for the management of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions in adults and... (Review)
Review
There are wide-ranging probiotic choices in Australasia. We reviewed the efficacy of probiotics for the management of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions in adults and assessed relevance to clinical practice. The benefits of probiotics were inconsistent, with a strong consensus reached for only a few of the indications. As different species/strains and combinations differ in efficacy, results cannot be extrapolated from one to another. This review endorses specific probiotics for limited indications. Efficacy of most marketed probiotic formulations remains unstudied and unproven, warranting further research.
Topics: Probiotics; Humans; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38717051
DOI: 10.1111/imj.16388