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Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Sep 2022The DNA origami technique allows the precise synthesis of complex, biocompatible nanomaterials containing small molecules, biomolecules, and inorganic nanoparticles. The...
The DNA origami technique allows the precise synthesis of complex, biocompatible nanomaterials containing small molecules, biomolecules, and inorganic nanoparticles. The negatively charged phosphates in the backbone make DNA highly water-soluble and require salts to shield its electrostatic repulsion. DNA origamis are therefore not soluble in most organic solvents. While this is not problematic for applications in biochemistry, biophysics, or nanomedicine, other potential applications, processes, and substrates are incompatible with saline solutions, which include the synthesis of many nanomaterials, and reactions in templated synthesis, the operation of nanoelectronic devices, or semiconductor fabrication. To overcome this limitation, we coated DNA origami with amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) polylysine block copolymers and transferred them into various organic solvents including chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone, or 1-propanol. Our approach maintains the shape of the nanostructures and protects functional elements bound to the structure, such as fluorophores, gold nanoparticles, or proteins. The DNA origami polyplex micellization (DOPM) strategy hence enables solubilization or a phase transfer of complex structures into various organic solvents, which significantly expands the use of DNA origami for a range of potential applications and technical processes.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetone; Chloroform; DNA; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Methylene Chloride; Nanostructures; Phosphates; Polyethylene Glycols; Polylysine; Polymers; Salts; Solubility; Solvents; Water
PubMed: 36103620
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01508 -
Annals of Work Exposures and Health Sep 2023There is an increasing need for exposure data to enable more precise information for risk estimates and improved public health protection. While personal monitoring data...
There is an increasing need for exposure data to enable more precise information for risk estimates and improved public health protection. While personal monitoring data are preferred, it is often difficult to collect due to the resources needed to complete a human research study. In this study, we successfully programmed a robotic arm to mimic human use (spraying) of a fabric crafts protector (FCP) and human cleaning (spraying and wiping) of a glass pane with glass cleaner (GC). The robot was then used in place of human subjects to assess inhalation exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the use of the FCP and GC. Air sampling data were collected while the robot used the products to estimate personal exposures to VOCs. Average VOC concentrations were 1.57 ppm for FCP spraying and 0.17 ppm for GC spraying and wiping. During FCP spraying, average acetone concentrations were 0.88 ppm and average isopropyl alcohol concentrations were 0.26 ppm. During GC spraying and wiping, average 2-butoxyethanol concentrations were 0.15 ppm. Air sampling data were found to be within the range of data reported in the literature during human use of similar glass cleaning products. No data was found in the literature during use of fabric protector spray products. This study contributes exposure measurement data with detailed contextual information to help characterize inhalation exposures during the use of 2 spray products. In addition, the study offers a systematic, efficient method for generating exposure data which can be used to improve health and safety risk assessments used for public health protection.
Topics: Humans; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Robotics; Occupational Exposure; 2-Propanol; Acetone; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 37669006
DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad049 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Jun 2022To establish the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to detect ethanol metabolites phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in whole...
OBJECTIVES
To establish the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to detect ethanol metabolites phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in whole blood.
METHODS
An appropriate amount of aqueous solution including 1% formic acid was added to 100 μL whole blood, the protein was precipitated with acetone, centrifuged and the supernatant was purified and enriched by using Bond Elut Certify column. The eluent was redissolved with 1/1 isopropanol/acetonitrile (/) solution after nitrogen blowing and then tested by UPLC-MS/MS. Selective reaction monitoring scanning was carried out in negative ionization mode, and quantitative analysis was performed by external standard method.
RESULTS
PEth showed a linear relationship over the concentration range of 1-160 ng/mL in whole blood (=0.999 9) with peak area. The detection limit was 0.2 ng/mL, the quantification limit was 1 ng/mL, the recovery rate was 97.43%-103.61%, the accuracy was 0.99%-1.77%, the intra-day precision was 0.4%-2.4%, and the inter-day precision was 1.1%-3.3%, and the matrix effect was 91.00%-99.55%. PEth was not detected in the blood samples supplemented with ethanol. PEth was detected positive in three drunk driving cases, and the concentration were 195.49, 83.67 and 876.12 ng/mL, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The established method has high sensitivity and specificity and the analysis results are accurate. It is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of PEth in whole blood.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Acetone; Acetonitriles; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Ethanol; Glycerophospholipids; Nitrogen; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36221832
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.310208 -
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT Mar 20242-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP™) is a widely used pH stabilizer in personal care products (PCPs); thus, the safety implications of dermal AMP exposure remain of... (Review)
Review
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP™) is a widely used pH stabilizer in personal care products (PCPs); thus, the safety implications of dermal AMP exposure remain of interest. We have previously reported that exposure to AMP in PCPs when used as intended is not anticipated to result in an increased risk of hepatotoxicity (primarily steatosis and altered phospholipid homeostasis). The current study focuses on AMP in PCP's potential for developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) in humans, based on data from animal studies. Animal studies suggest that exposure to AMP can result in post-implantation loss. However, such effects occur at maternally toxic doses, posing a challenge for determining appropriate hazard classifications in the context of relevant consumer use scenarios. Our assessment concluded that human exposure to AMP in PCPs is not anticipated to result in DART at non-maternally toxic doses. Further, mode of action (MOA) analysis elucidated the potential biological pathways underlying DART effects observed in high-dose animal studies, such that perturbation of uterine choline synthesis was the most well-supported MOA hypothesis. Downstream uterine effects might reflect choline-dependent changes in epigenetic control of pathways important for implantation maintenance and uterine cell energetics. Since AMP-induced post-implantation loss occurs at doses higher than pathology related to liver toxicity, maintaining AMP exposures from exceeding the onset dose for maternal liver effects will also be protective of DART effects. Furthermore, dermal exposure to AMP expected from the use of PCPs is highly unlikely to result in toxicologically significant systemic AMP concentrations; thus, DART is not anticipated.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Reproduction; Propanolamines; Embryo Implantation; Choline
PubMed: 37715655
DOI: 10.1002/jat.4539 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Feb 2021The -propanol produced by has a remarkable effect on the taste and flavor of Chinese Baijiu. The -propanol metabolism-related genes were deleted to evaluate the role in...
The -propanol produced by has a remarkable effect on the taste and flavor of Chinese Baijiu. The -propanol metabolism-related genes were deleted to evaluate the role in the synthesis of -propanol to ascertain the key genes and pathways for the production of -propanol by . The results showed that 3, 1, 6, 1, 5, and 082 were the key genes affecting the -propanol metabolism in yeast. The -propanol concentrations of α5Δ1, α5Δ3, and α5Δ6 increased by 121.75, 22.75, and 17.78%, respectively, compared with α5. The -propanol content of α5Δ1, α5Δ5, and α5Δ082 decreased by 24.98, 8.35, and 8.44%, respectively, compared with α5. The contents of intermediate metabolites were measured, and results showed that the mutual transformation of glycine and threonine in the threonine pathway and the formation of propanal from 2-ketobutyrate were the core pathways for the formation of -propanol. Additionally, 082 played important role in the synthesis of -propanol by directly producing 2-ketobutyric acid through l-homoserine. This study provided valuable insights into the -propanol synthesis in and the theoretical basis for future optimization of yeast strains in Baijiu making.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Fermentation; Genes, Regulator; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Wine
PubMed: 33502852
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06810 -
JACC. Heart Failure Sep 2019
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carvedilol; Cocaine; Heart Failure; Humans; Propanolamines
PubMed: 31466674
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2019.07.002 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Apr 2023The benefits of combining drift time ion mobility (DTIMS) with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have been reported for metabolomics but the...
The benefits of combining drift time ion mobility (DTIMS) with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have been reported for metabolomics but the use of differential time mobility spectrometry (DMS) is less obvious due to the need for rapid scanning of the DMS cell. Drift DTIMS provides additional precursor ion selectivity and collisional cross-section information but the separation resolution between analytes remains cell- and component-dependent. With DMS, the addition of 2-propanol modifier can improve the selectivity but on cost of analyte MS response. In the present work, we investigate the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of a mix of 50 analytes, representative for urine and plasma metabolites, using scanning DMS with the single modifiers cyclohexane (Ch), toluene (Tol), acetonitrile (ACN), ethanol (EtOH), and 2-propanol (IPA), and a binary modifier mixture (cyclohexane/2-propanol) with emphasis on selectivity and signal sensitivity. 1.5% IPA in the N stream was found to suppress the signal of 50% of the analytes which could be partially recovered with the use of IPA to 0.05% as a Ch/IPA mixture. The potential to use the separation voltage/compensation voltage/modifier (SV/CoV/Mod) feature as an additional analyte identifier for qualitative analysis is also presented and applied to a data-independent LCxDMS-SWATH-MS workflow for the analysis of endogenous metabolites and drugs of abuse in human urine samples from traffic control.
Topics: Humans; 2-Propanol; Mass Spectrometry; Chromatography, Liquid; Spectrum Analysis; Metabolomics
PubMed: 36820908
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04602-0 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020The impaired activity of tyrosinase and laccase can provoke serious concerns in the life cycles of mammals, insects and microorganisms. Investigation of inhibitors of...
The impaired activity of tyrosinase and laccase can provoke serious concerns in the life cycles of mammals, insects and microorganisms. Investigation of inhibitors of these two enzymes may lead to the discovery of whitening agents, medicinal products, anti-browning substances and compounds for controlling harmful insects and bacteria. A small collection of novel reversible tyrosinase and laccase inhibitors with a phenylpropanoid and hydroxylated biphenyl core was prepared using naturally occurring compounds and their activity was measured by spectrophotometric and electrochemical assays. Biosensors based on tyrosinase and laccase enzymes were constructed and used to detect the type of protein-ligand interaction and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC). Most of the inhibitors showed an IC in a range of 20-423 nM for tyrosinase and 23-2619 nM for laccase. Due to the safety concerns of conventional tyrosinase and laccase inhibitors, the viability of the new compounds was assayed on PC12 cells, four of which showed a viability of roughly 80% at 40 µM. In silico studies on the crystal structure of laccase enzyme identified a hydroxylated biphenyl bearing a prenylated chain as the lead structure, which activated strong and effective interactions at the active site of the enzyme. These data were confirmed by in vivo experiments performed on the insect model .
Topics: Animals; Catalytic Domain; Cell Survival; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hydroxylation; Laccase; Models, Molecular; Monophenol Monooxygenase; PC12 Cells; Phenol; Propanols; Protein Conformation; Rats; Tenebrio
PubMed: 32545293
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112709 -
Molecular Diversity Oct 2022Eco-friendly, low-cost and high-yielding synthetic route toward imidazoles and oxazoles has been developed....
Eco-friendly, low-cost and high-yielding synthetic route toward imidazoles and oxazoles has been developed. 1-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(alkylamino)-1,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one 3a-c have been synthesized via regiospecific reaction of ethyl 2-(N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)cyanamide)acetate 1 with primary aliphatic amines in water as green solvent. While, the reaction between 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)cyanamide 2 and primary aliphatic amines using water and/or iso-propanol as green solvents afforded 3-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole-2(3H)-imine 6 and 1-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-alkyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-amine 7a-d, respectively.
Topics: Amines; Cyanamide; Cyclization; Imidazoles; Oxazoles; Propanols; Solvents; Water
PubMed: 35220547
DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10401-z -
Occurrence and Transformation of Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine and Methcathinone in Wastewater in China.Environmental Science & Technology Jul 2022Previous wastewater-based epidemiology studies on methcathinone (MC), a controlled substance in many countries, attributed its occurrence in wastewater to its misuse....
Previous wastewater-based epidemiology studies on methcathinone (MC), a controlled substance in many countries, attributed its occurrence in wastewater to its misuse. However, such attribution did not consider the possibility that MC may also come from the transformation of ephedrine (EPH) and pseudo-ephedrine (PEPH). In this work, EPH/PEPH and MC in wastewater of six major Chinese cities were systematically examined. EPH/PEPH concentrations in all the cities showed clear seasonal variations, with maximum and minimum concentrations observed in winter and summer, respectively. In contrast, MC concentrations were the lowest in winter, leading to minimum concentration ratios between MC and EPH/PEPH in winter. Lack of MC seizure in the cities suggests that MC abuse could not account for the ubiquitous detection of the substance in the wastewater of these cities. Batch experiments confirmed EPH/PEPH transformation into MC in wastewater. The significantly lower transformation rate at a lower temperature was consistent with low MC concentrations in winter. These results indicate that when monitoring MC through wastewater, EPH/PEPH concentrations must be determined simultaneously to avoid false identification of MC abuse. The observed ratios of MC to EPH/PEPH concentrations in this work may be used to determine MC abuse. Alternatively, other biomarkers (e.g., cathinone) may be considered to avoid interference from EPH/PEPH transformation.
Topics: Ephedrine; Propiophenones; Pseudoephedrine; Wastewater
PubMed: 35793412
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02639