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Pest Management Science Dec 2023Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), including Meloidogyne species, are among the most destructive plant-parasites worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that entomopathogenic fungi...
BACKGROUND
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), including Meloidogyne species, are among the most destructive plant-parasites worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can antagonize RKNs. Such antagonistic effects are likely mediated by toxic metabolites, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), produced by the fungi. However, how widespread these effects are across EPF species, and which VOCs mediate negative interactions between EPF and RKNs needs to be further elucidated.
RESULTS
First, we evaluated the nematicidal effect of VOCs emitted by 46 EPF isolates against Meloidogyne incognita and found variable toxicity depending on the isolate. Second, we measured the nematicidal effect of highly toxic isolates, including species in the genus Talaromyces, Aspergillus, Clonostachys, and Purpureocillium and, third, we analyzed the nematicidal effect of major VOCs, including 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, isopropyl alcohol and 2-methyl-3-pentanone. The mortality of M. incognita juveniles (J2s) was generally high (50%) either via airborne or in-solution contact with VOCs. Moreover, the tested VOCs significantly inhibited egg hatching, and repelled J2s away from the VOCs.
CONCLUSION
This study not only provides insights into the ecological function of VOCs in the rhizosphere, but also provides new approaches for developing environmentally friendly control methods of RKNs in agroecosystems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Animals; Volatile Organic Compounds; Antinematodal Agents; Tylenchoidea; 2-Propanol; Hypocreales
PubMed: 37574969
DOI: 10.1002/ps.7719 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and good linearity are in high demand to meet the long-term and accurate detection requirements for pulse detection. In...
Flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and good linearity are in high demand to meet the long-term and accurate detection requirements for pulse detection. In this study, we propose a composite membrane pressure sensor using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTS) reinforced with isopropanol prepared by solution blending and a self-made 3D-printed mold. The device doped with isopropanol had a higher sensitivity and linearity owning to the construction of additional conductive paths. The optimal conditions for realizing a high-performance pressure sensor are a multiwalled carbon nanotube mass ratio of 7% and a composite membrane thickness of 490 μm. The membrane achieves a high linear sensitivity of -57.07 kΩ∙kPa and a linear fitting correlation coefficient of 98.78% in the 0.13~5.2 kPa pressure range corresponding to pulse detection. Clearly, this device has great potential for application in pulse detection.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Electric Conductivity; Nanocomposites; Nanotubes, Carbon
PubMed: 35808262
DOI: 10.3390/s22134765 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Cardiac K4.3 channels contribute to the transient outward K current, I, during early repolarization of the cardiac action potential. Two different isoforms of K4.3 are...
Cardiac K4.3 channels contribute to the transient outward K current, I, during early repolarization of the cardiac action potential. Two different isoforms of K4.3 are present in the human ventricle and exhibit differential remodeling in heart failure (HF). Cardioselective betablockers are a cornerstone of HF with reduced ejection fraction therapy as well as ventricular arrhythmia treatment. In this study we examined pharmacological effects of betablockers on both K4.3 isoforms to explore their potential for isoform-specific therapy. K4.3 isoforms were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and incubated with the respective betablockers. Dose-dependency and biophysical characteristics were examined. HEK 293T-cells were transfected with the two K4.3 isoforms and analyzed with Western blots. Carvedilol (100 µM) blocked K4.3 L by 77 ± 2% and K4.3 S by 67 ± 6%, respectively. Metoprolol (100 µM) was less effective with inhibition of 37 ± 3% (K4.3 L) and 35 ± 4% (K4.3 S). Bisoprolol showed no inhibitory effect. Current reduction was not caused by changes in K4.3 protein expression. Carvedilol inhibited K4.3 channels at physiologically relevant concentrations, affecting both isoforms. Metoprolol showed a weaker blocking effect and bisoprolol did not exert an effect on K4.3. Blockade of repolarizing K4.3 channels by carvedilol and metoprolol extend their pharmacological mechanism of action, potentially contributing beneficial antiarrhythmic effects in normal and failing hearts.
Topics: Humans; Metoprolol; Bisoprolol; Carvedilol; Heart; Heart Failure; Protein Isoforms
PubMed: 37762145
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813842 -
Chemosphere Feb 2023Air is the most critical and necessary for life, and air quality significantly impacts people's health. Both indoor and outdoor pollution frequently contain volatile...
Air is the most critical and necessary for life, and air quality significantly impacts people's health. Both indoor and outdoor pollution frequently contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Such contaminants provide immediate or long-term health risks to the living system. The present study investigates sorption characteristics of VOCs on hollow nano calcite (CaCO) particles with 250 nm and 40 nm pore sizes to remove from the air ambient using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique at room temperature both experimentally and theoretically. The results were supported by density functional theory (DFT), and adsorption-desorption characteristics were studied with Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The QCM measurements showed a stable signal without having hysteresis, and the response of polar VOCs on hollow nano-CaCO particles such as ethanol, propanol, and humidity with higher polarity was less compared to solvents such as chloroform and dichloromethane, which revealed that the surfaces of CaCO particles have mostly non-polar properties. CaCO surface and VOC molecule interactions overlap with the Langmuir model. With DFT calculations, VOC and water molecule adsorption changes the CaCO E. Our findings show that the ΔE values increase as chloroform > dichloromethane > propanol > ethanol > water. This order suggests that the sensing response of the hollow CaCO structure is linearly proportional to the adsorption energies of VOC and water. The linear adsorption characteristics, high sensing response, and short recovery time illustrated that the newly synthesized nano-CaCO could be implemented as a new VOC adsorbent material for health, environmental sustainability, and in vitro microbiome cultures.
Topics: Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds; Density Functional Theory; Chloroform; Methylene Chloride; Adsorption; Water; Propanols
PubMed: 36427584
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137334 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Sep 2023Although the relationship between gut microbiota and flavan-3-ol metabolism differs greatly between individuals, the specific metabolic profiles, known as metabotypes,...
Although the relationship between gut microbiota and flavan-3-ol metabolism differs greatly between individuals, the specific metabolic profiles, known as metabotypes, have not yet been clearly defined. In this study, fecal batch fermentations of 34 healthy donors inoculated with (-)-epicatechin were stratified into groups based on their conversion rate of (-)-epicatechin and their quali-quantitative metabolic profile. Fast and slow converters of (-)-epicatechin, high producers of 1-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2″,4″,6″-trihydroxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol (3-HPP-2-ol) and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (3,4-DHPVL) were identified. Fecal microbiota analysis revealed that fast conversion of (-)-epicatechin was associated with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as spp. and spp., and higher levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate were observed for fast converters. Other bacteria were associated with the conversion of 1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2″,4″,6″-trihydroxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol into 3-HPP-2-ol ( UCG-010 spp.) and 3,4-DHPVL (). Such stratification sheds light on the mechanisms of action underlying the high interindividual variability associated with the health benefits of flavan-3-ols.
Topics: Humans; Catechin; 2-Propanol; Butyrates; Clostridiales; Feces
PubMed: 37683128
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05491 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... Feb 2022The sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules might be beneficial, especially in necrotic endodontic cases, as it provides the obstruction of the contaminated tubules.
BACKGROUND
The sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules might be beneficial, especially in necrotic endodontic cases, as it provides the obstruction of the contaminated tubules.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effect of 3 final irrigants (sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), alcohol and chlorhexidine (CHX)) on the penetration of an epoxy sealer into the dentinal tubules.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was carried out on 60 single-canal human teeth with straight roots. The root canals were prepared to the ISO 40/04 size, using the Reciproc® instruments. The teeth were divided into 4 groups (n = 15). The canals in each group were irrigated according to the following scheme: group 1 (control) - 5.25% NaOCl; group 2 - smear layer removal (40% citric acid (CA) and 5.25% NaOCl) and 5.25% NaOCl; group 3 - smear layer removal (as in group 2), and 40% CA, water and 98% isopropyl alcohol; and group 4 - smear layer removal (as in group 2), and 40% CA, water and 2% CHX. The root canals were filled using the vertical condensation technique with gutta-percha and the porphyrin-labeled AH Plus™ sealer. After 3 days, 1-milimeter-thick cross-section slices were cut from the roots at a distance of 2 mm, 5 mm and 8 mm from the apex. The sections were imaged under a confocal microscope and the sealant penetration depth into the dentinal tubules was measured.
RESULTS
The longest resin tags in all parts of the roots were found in group 4 (CHX), and the shortest in group 1 (control). The mean depth of the sealer penetration (in micrometers) was as follows: 21, 22 and 23 (group 1); 201, 231 and 374 (group 2); 170, 232 and 280 (group 3); and 330, 408 and 638 (group 4) in the apical, middle and coronal parts, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The final irrigation with CHX resulted in the deepest penetration of the epoxy sealer into the tubules. Isopropyl alcohol had the most negative impact on the sealer penetration into the tubules.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Chlorhexidine; Edetic Acid; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 35212490
DOI: 10.17219/acem/142991 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022In the present study KrF Excimer laser has been employed to irradiate the Cadmium (Cd) targets for various number of laser pulses of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000, at...
In the present study KrF Excimer laser has been employed to irradiate the Cadmium (Cd) targets for various number of laser pulses of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000, at constant fluence of 3.6 J cm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was utilized to reveal the formation of laser induced nano/micro structures on the irradiated target (Cd) surfaces. SEM results show the generation of cavities, cracks, micro/nano wires/rods, wrinkles along with re-deposited particles during irradiation in air, whereas subsurface boiling, pores, cavities and Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) on the inner walls of cavities are revealed at the central ablated area after irradiation in propanol. The ablated volume and depth of ablated region on irradiated Cd targets are evaluated for various number of pulses and is higher in air as compared to propanol ambient. Fast Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses show the presence of oxides and hydro-oxides of Cd after irradiation in propanol, whereas the existence of oxides is observed after irradiation in air ambient. Nano-hardness tester was used to investigate mechanical modifications of ablated Cd. It reveals an increase in hardness after irradiation which is more pronounced in propanol as compared to air.
Topics: Cadmium; 1-Propanol; Lasers; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxides
PubMed: 36361538
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112749 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Ionic liquids (ILs) have presented excellent behaviors in the separation of azeotropes in extractive distillation. However, the intrinsic molecular nature of ILs in the...
Ionic liquids (ILs) have presented excellent behaviors in the separation of azeotropes in extractive distillation. However, the intrinsic molecular nature of ILs in the separation of azeotropic systems is not clear. In this paper, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and theoretical calculations were applied to screen the microstructures of ethyl propionate-n-propanol-1-ethyl-3-methylimidzolium acetate ([EMIM][OAC]) systems before and after azeotropy breaking. A detailed vibrational analysis was carried out on the (C=O) region of ethyl propionate and (O-D) region of n-propanol-. Different species, including multiple sizes of propanol and ethyl propionate self-aggregators, ethyl propionate-n-propanol interaction complexes, and different IL-n-propanol interaction complexes, were identified using excess spectroscopy and confirmed with theoretical calculations. Their changes in relative amounts were also observed. The hydrogen bond between n-propanol and ethyl propionate/[EMIM][OAC] was detected, and the interaction properties were also revealed. Overall, the intrinsic molecular nature of the azeotropy breaking was clear. First, the interactions between [EMIM][OAC] and n-propanol were stronger than those between [EMIM][OAC] and ethyl propionate, which influenced the relative volatilities of the two components in the system. Second, the interactions between n-propanol and [EMIM][OAC] were stronger than those between n-propanol and ethyl propionate. Hence, adding [EMIM][OAC] could break apart the ethyl propionate-n-propanol complex (causing the azeotropy in the studied system). When ([EMIM][OAC]) was lower than 0.04, the azeotropy still existed mainly because the low IL could not destroy the whole ethyl propionate-n-propanol interaction complex. At (IL) > 0.04, the whole ethyl propionate-n-propanol complex was destroyed, and the azeotropy disappeared.
Topics: Ionic Liquids; 1-Propanol; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Propanols
PubMed: 37445775
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310597 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022The ability to predict the behaviour of high-pressure mixtures of carbon dioxide and alcohol is important for industrial purposes. The equilibrium composition of three...
The ability to predict the behaviour of high-pressure mixtures of carbon dioxide and alcohol is important for industrial purposes. The equilibrium composition of three binary carbon dioxide-alcohol systems was measured at temperatures of 313.15 K and 333.15 K and at pressures of up to 100 bar for carbon dioxide-2-propanol, up to 160 bar for carbon dioxide-1-butanol and up to 150 bar for carbon dioxide-2-butanol. Different equilibrium compositions of carbon dioxide in alcohols were observed despite their similar molecular weight ( = 60.100 g mol, = 74.121 g mol and = 74.122 g mol) and place in the functional hydroxyl group (first or second carbon molecule). It is assumed that the differences in the phase equilibria are due to different vapor pressures, polarities and solute-solute interactions.
Topics: 2-Propanol; 1-Butanol; Carbon Dioxide; Ethanol
PubMed: 36500443
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238352 -
Vascular Pharmacology Oct 2022The mechanisms underlying the success of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH) remain elusive and do not fully explain the rapid regression of...
UNLABELLED
The mechanisms underlying the success of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH) remain elusive and do not fully explain the rapid regression of hemangiomatous lesions following drug administration. As autophagy is critically implicated in vascular homeostasis, we determined whether β-blockers trigger the autophagic flux on infantile hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (Hem-ECs) in vitro.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Fresh tissue specimens, surgically removed for therapeutic purpose to seven children affected by proliferative IH, were subjected to enzymatic digestion. Cells were sorted with anti-human CD31 immunolabeled magnetic microbeads. Following phenotypic characterization, expanded Hem-ECs, at P2 to P6, were exposed to different concentrations (50 μM to 150 μM) of propranolol, atenolol or metoprolol alone and in combination with the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1. Rapamycin, a potent inducer of autophagy, was also used as control. Autophagy was assessed by Lysotracker Red staining, western blot analysis of LC3BII/LC3BI and p62, and morphologically by transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS
Hem-ECs treated with either propranolol, atenolol or metoprolol displayed positive LysoTracker Red staining. Increased LC3BII/LC3BI ratio, as well as p62 modulation, were documented in β-blockers treated Hem-ECs. Abundant autophagic vacuoles and multilamellar bodies characterized the cytoplasmic ultrastructural features of autophagy in cultured Hem-ECs exposed in vitro to β-blocking agents. Importantly, similar biochemical and morphologic evidence of autophagy were observed following rapamycin while Bafilomycin A1 significantly prevented the autophagic flux promoted by β-blockers in Hem-ECs.
CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that autophagy may be ascribed among the mechanisms of action of β-blockers suggesting new mechanistic insights on the potential therapeutic application of this class of drugs in pathologic conditions involving uncontrolled angiogenesis.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Amines; Atenolol; Autophagy; Cell Proliferation; Child; Endothelial Cells; Hemangioma; Humans; Macrolides; Metoprolol; Propranolol; Sirolimus
PubMed: 36103993
DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107110