-
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment May 2023In this study, the degradation of two organophosphate pesticides, namely, propetamphos and azamethiphos, in the presence of Ag at different mole ratios was investigated....
In this study, the degradation of two organophosphate pesticides, namely, propetamphos and azamethiphos, in the presence of Ag at different mole ratios was investigated. Moreover, the kinetic and degradation pathways of both chemicals in the range of 0-60 min were explored. Gas chromatography equipped with a thermionic specific detector was used to investigate the pesticide degradation kinetics and mechanism. The results show that the degradation rate of both pesticides follows first-order kinetic. The first-order rate constant and the half-life of reaction were in the range of 0.002-0.143 min, 187-2.1 min, and 0.005-0.164 min and 60-1.8 min, for propetamphos and azamethiphos, respectively, at ambient temperature (25 ºC). Because group containing sulfur atom is a better leaving group than group containing nitrogen, the rate of degradation of azamethiphos is higher than propetamphos. In a higher mole ratio of Ag to pesticides, the degradation rate was increased, and it is possible to predict the rate of degradation of pesticides according to the chemical composition of leaving group.
Topics: Silver; Environmental Monitoring; Pesticides
PubMed: 37249693
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11356-w -
Drug and Chemical Toxicology Nov 2022The aim of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of chrysin against propetamphos exposure. For this purpose, 2 to 3-month-old 40 male Wistar Albino rats...
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of chrysin against propetamphos exposure. For this purpose, 2 to 3-month-old 40 male Wistar Albino rats were used. These animals were randomly assigned to four groups. The animals in the control group received the vehicle substance (corn oil) alone. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered with 50 mg/kg.bw/day of chrysin (in corn oil), 10 mg/kg.bw/day of propetamphos (in corn oil), and 10 mg/kg.bw/day of propetamphos plus 50 mg/kg.bw/day of chrysin, respectively, for 28 days. Some oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, NO, glutathione) and serum biochemical parameters (triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, BUN, creatine phosphokinase, ALT, ALP and pseudocholinesterase) were analyzed in tissue/blood samples. Also, histopathological findings were observed. According to the data obtained, no significant alteration had occurred in these parameters and the histological findings in the group given chrysin alone, when compared to the control group. Significant unfavorable alterations were detected in the oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation/antioxidant status parameters, all biochemical parameters and histopathological findings of the group that received propetamphos alone. In the group that was given both chrysin and propetamphos, remedial/recovery alterations were observed in the oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation/antioxidant status values, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological findings, such that the values and histopathological findings showed partly similarity to those of the control group. In result, it is suggested that chrysin may provide protection against propetamphos exposure and propetamphos-induced organ damage in rats at a certain level.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats; Antioxidants; Butyrylcholinesterase; Corn Oil; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Glutathione; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase; Triglycerides
PubMed: 34587847
DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1981479 -
Journal of Arthropod-borne Diseases Dec 2023Bedbugs are nocturnal ectoparasites that have made a comeback after 20 years and have become one of the main challenges for pest control methods worldwide. Monitoring...
BACKGROUND
Bedbugs are nocturnal ectoparasites that have made a comeback after 20 years and have become one of the main challenges for pest control methods worldwide. Monitoring chemical pesticide resistance is crucial for identifying the best bed bugs management strategies to effectively manage arthropods. This study aims to assess the susceptibility of (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) collected from different parts of Khorasan-Razavi Province, (northeast of Iran) to deltamethrin (pyrethroid), phoxim (organothiophosphate) and propetamphos (phosphoramidate).
METHODS
This study was conducted from Dec 2020 to May 2021. The efficacy of three insecticides (deltamethrin, phoxim, and propetamphos) on adult was assessed using a bioassay method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO),. Concentrations of deltamethrin used were 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, and 2560 ppm, while concentrations of phoxim and propetamphos were 10, 40, 160, and 320 ppm. The bed bugs were continuously exposed to the insecticide for 24 hours, and mortality was assessed at regular intervals during the observation period. The concentration-response data were subjected to POLO-PC software and data were analyzed by the one-way and two-way ANOVA procedures.
RESULTS
The lethal concentration fifty values of deltamethrin, phoxim and propetamphos on the examined bed bugs were 0.551, 0.148 and 0.237 ppm, respectively. Insecticide effects of phoxim were significantly higher (P≤ 0.05) compared to each of either deltamethrin and propetamphos agents.
CONCLUSION
The insecticide effects of phoxim against bed bugs were significantly higher compared to each of either deltamethrin or propetamphosinsecticides.
PubMed: 38868674
DOI: 10.18502/jad.v17i4.15299 -
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene... May 2022A method for the rapid determination of dichlorvos, trichlorfon, fenthion, fenthion-sulfone, fenthion-sulfoxide, fenthion-oxon, fenthion-oxon-sulfone,...
[Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk of cows and sheep by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry combined with passing type purification method].
OBJECTIVE
A method for the rapid determination of dichlorvos, trichlorfon, fenthion, fenthion-sulfone, fenthion-sulfoxide, fenthion-oxon, fenthion-oxon-sulfone, fenthion-oxon-sulfoxide, phoxim, propetamphos, malathion, diazinon and coumaphos 13 common organophosphorus pesticides and their metabolites poison residues in milk of cows and sheep by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) with passing type solid phase extraction(SPE) purification was developed.
METHODS
After centrifugation at 4 ℃, the milk was purified by passing type SPE with acetonitrile precipitating protein and determined by UPLC-MS/MS in electrospray positive ion mode(ESI+) and multi-reaction monitoring scanning(MRM), external standard method for quantitative analysis with matrix matching standard curve.
RESULTS
The recoveries of 13 target compounds were between 81.5% and 107.5% and relative standard deviation was between 1.24% and 6.23% at three spiked levels of 5, 10, 20 μg/L. The detection limits of 13 target compounds were between 0.015 and 0.15 μg/L, and the quantitative limits were between 0.05 and 0.50 μg/L. No organophosphorus pesticide residues were detected in 20 samples of cows and sheep milk.
CONCLUSION
The method has the advantages of good linear independence, low detection limit, high precision and accuracy, and can be used for daily monitoring of milk and related products.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Fenthion; Milk; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Sheep; Solid Phase Extraction; Sulfones; Sulfoxides; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35718915
DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.03.023 -
Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS Nov 2022Lanolin, also known as wool wax, is derived from sheep and has diverse applications in food, cosmetic, textile and lubricant industries. Owing to its direct contact with...
Lanolin, also known as wool wax, is derived from sheep and has diverse applications in food, cosmetic, textile and lubricant industries. Owing to its direct contact with human, there is a need of studying pesticide residues as contaminants in lanolin. The present study describes a single novel hyphenated gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) technique for the quantification of 14 organophosphorus (OP) pesticides (tecnazene, propetamphos, diazinon, dichlofenthion, chlorpyrifos methyl, fenchlorphos, malathion, chlorpyrifos, pirimiphos ethyl, bromophos ethyl, tetrachlorvinphos, ethion, phosalone, and coumaphos) in lanolin using electrospray ionization (EI) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition mode. The method is simple in terms of sample preparation steps based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). The method was found to be linear over the analytical range of 0.05-2.0 μg/g, with acceptable coefficient of determination (r ≥ 0.99) for all the 14 pesticides. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were found to be less than 0.05 and 0.1 μg/g, respectively, for all the 14 OP pesticide residues. The precision and accuracy of the method were found to be within the acceptable limits, that is, recoveries in the range of 83.5%-104.1% with less than 12.5% of relative standard deviation for all the pesticides. The multiresidue method for estimating pesticide residues employing GC-MS/MS technique will be useful for OP pesticide levels in large number of lanolin samples.
Topics: Sheep; Animals; Humans; Pesticides; Pesticide Residues; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Lanolin; Organophosphorus Compounds; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Chlorpyrifos
PubMed: 36369744
DOI: 10.1002/jms.4894