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Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... Apr 2023This cross-sectional study aimed to assess lower extremity proprioception and investigate its relationship to activity and participation levels in children with...
OBJECTIVE
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess lower extremity proprioception and investigate its relationship to activity and participation levels in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP).
METHODS
A total of 22 children with USCP between the ages of 5 and 16 years participated in this study. Lower extremity proprioception was evaluated with a protocol that consisted of verbal and location identification, unilateral and contralateral limb matching, and static and dynamic balance tests performed with the impaired and less impaired lower extremities under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Furthermore, the Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) were used to evaluate the independence levels in daily living activities and participation levels.
RESULTS
Children demonstrated proprioceptive loss, as evidenced by an increase in matching errors under the eyes-closed condition compared to the eyes-open condition (p<0.05). Also, the impaired extremity had greater proprioceptive loss than the less impaired extremity (p<0.05). The 5-6-year age group experienced greater proprioceptive deficits than did the 7-11 and 12-16 age groups (p<0.05). Children's lower extremity proprioceptive deficit was moderately associated with their activity and participation levels (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that treatment programs based on comprehensive assessments, including proprioception, may be more effective in these children.
Topics: Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Cerebral Palsy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Proprioception; Activities of Daily Living; Lower Extremity; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 36907729
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.01.007 -
Journal of Manipulative and... Jun 2022The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the reliability and, where possible, the validity of cervicocephalic proprioceptive (CCP) tests in healthy adults... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the reliability and, where possible, the validity of cervicocephalic proprioceptive (CCP) tests in healthy adults and clinical populations.
METHODS
A systematic search, utilizing 7 databases from the earliest possible date to April 14, 2021, identified studies that measured reliability of CCP tests. Studies were screened for eligibility, and included studies were appraised using Quality Appraisal Tool for Studies of Diagnostic Reliability (QAREL) and Quality Assessment and Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 Tool (QUADAS-2) tools. Validity outcomes were assessed for included studies.
RESULTS
Of 34 included studies, 29 investigated reliability for sense of position tests, 10 involved sense of movement tests, and 1 used a sense of force test. The head to neutral test was reliable and valid when 6 or more repetitions were performed within the test, discriminating between those with and without neck pain. Head tracking tests were reliable with 6 repetitions, and 1 study found discriminative validity in a whiplash population. Studies that found discriminative validity in sense of position reported mean joint position error generally >4.5° in the neck pain group and <4.5° in the asymptomatic group. No sense of force test was applied to a clinical population. Convergent validity analysis showed that these proprioceptive tests have low correlations with each other.
CONCLUSION
The reliability and validity of CCP tests for sense of position and movement are dependent upon equipment and repetitions. Six repetitions are generally required for good reliability, and joint position error >4.5° is likely to indicate impairment in sense of position.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Neck Pain; Reproducibility of Results; Proprioception; Movement; Whiplash Injuries
PubMed: 36270904
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.08.005 -
PeerJ 2022Cervical proprioception and muscle endurance are essential for maintaining cervical functional joint stability. Proprioception and muscle endurance may be impaired in...
Comparison and correlation of cervical proprioception and muscle endurance in general joint hypermobility participants with and without non-specific neck pain-a cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Cervical proprioception and muscle endurance are essential for maintaining cervical functional joint stability. Proprioception and muscle endurance may be impaired in those with general joint hypermobility (GJH). Examining these aspects is crucial. This study's aims are to (1) compare the cervical joint position error (JPE) and muscle endurance holding capacities in GJH individuals with and without non-specific neck pain (NSNP) (2) to assess the relationship between hypermobility Beighton scores, cervical JPE's, and muscle endurance in GJH individuals with and without NSNP.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional comparative study, 33 GJH participants with NSNP (mean age 21.7 ± 1.8 years) and 35 asymptomatic participants GJH (mean age 22.42 ± 1.7 years) participated. Beighton's score of ≥4 of 9 tests was used as criteria to diagnose GJH. Cervical JPEs were estimated in degrees using a cervical range of motion device, and muscle endurance (flexor and extensor) were estimated in seconds using a stopwatch.
RESULTS
GJH participants with NSNP showed significantly larger cervical JPEs ( < 0.001) and decreased muscle endurance holding times ( < 0.001) compared to asymptomatic participants. Beighton hypermobility scores showed a significant moderate positive correlation with cervical JPEs (flexion: = 0.43, = 0.013), left rotation: = 0.47, = 0.005, right rotation: = 0.57, = 0.001) in NSNP individuals. Also, Beighton hypermobility scores showed a moderate negative correlation with muscle endurance in NSNP (flexor muscles: = -0.40, = 0.020, extensor muscles: = -0.41, = 0.020, and asymptomatic individuals (flexor muscles: -0.34, = 0.045, extensor muscles: = -0.45, = 0.007).
CONCLUSION
GJH individuals with NSNP showed increased cervical JPEs and reduced muscle endurance compared to asymptomatic. Individuals with GJH with higher Beighton scores demonstrated increased cervical JPEs and reduced neck muscle endurance holding ability. In clinical practice, therapists should be aware of these findings, incorporate proprioceptive and muscle endurance assessments, and formulate rehabilitation strategies for NSNP individuals with GJM.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Neck Pain; Joint Instability; Muscle, Skeletal; Proprioception
PubMed: 35295560
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13097 -
Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) Oct 2023Limited research has focused on older prosthesis users despite the expected compounded effects of age and amputation on sensorimotor function, balance, and falls. This... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Limited research has focused on older prosthesis users despite the expected compounded effects of age and amputation on sensorimotor function, balance, and falls. This study compared sensorimotor factors and standing balance between older individuals with and without transtibial amputation, hypothesizing that prosthesis users would demonstrate worse sensorimotor function. Secondarily we assessed the relationship between standing balance and somatosensation in prosthesis users.
METHODS
Thirteen persons with unilateral transtibial amputation (71.7 years) and 10 able-bodied controls (71.7 years) participated in this cross-sectional observational study. Passive joint range-of-motion, muscle strength, proprioception (joint position sense), tactile sensitivity, and standing balance (center-of-pressure sway) were compared between groups. A multiple linear regression analysis assessed the relationship between proprioception and balance (without vision) in prosthesis users.
FINDINGS
Our hypotheses were generally not supported, with the only differences being reduced joint range-of-motion and strength in prosthesis users (with large effect sizes), but comparable sensation and balance. Notably, prosthesis users demonstrated better proprioception than controls as reflected through better joint position sense when the limb was non-weight bearing. Worse amputated limb proprioception was associated with better standing balance in prosthesis users.
INTERPRETATION
Older prosthesis users have impaired passive joint motion and muscle strength compared to controls that could challenge their ability to position and control the amputated limb to avoid falls during daily activities. However, their better amputated limb proprioception might help counteract those limitations by leveraging sensory feedback from the suspended limb. The relationship between amputated limb proprioception and standing balance suggests a nuanced relationship that warrants further study.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Postural Balance; Amputees; Proprioception; Amputation, Surgical; Artificial Limbs
PubMed: 37757679
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.106104 -
Scandinavian Journal of Pain Jul 2022Deficits in proprioception and postural control are common in patients with different musculoskeletal pain syndromes. It has been proposed that pain can negatively... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Deficits in proprioception and postural control are common in patients with different musculoskeletal pain syndromes. It has been proposed that pain can negatively affect proprioception and postural control at a peripheral level, however research is limited to animal studies. Human studies have shown that it is more likely, that the link between pain and proprioceptive deficits, lies within changes in the central nervous system where noxious and non-noxious stimuli may overlap. In clinical studies, causality cannot be determined due to other factors which could confound the assessment such as pathophysiological features of the underlying musculoskeletal disorder and different psycho-social influences especially in patients with chronic pain. On the other hand, experimentally induced pain in healthy participants is able to control most of these confounding factors and perhaps offers an assessment of the effects of pain on proprioception and postural control. The aim of this paper is to critically appraise the literature related to the effect of experimentally induced pain on proprioception and postural control. Results from these studies are discussed and limitations are highlighted for future research.
METHODS
A search of databases (Medline, Scopus, PubMed) was conducted as well as reference check from relevant articles published since 2000. Fifteen studies which explored the effect of experimentally induced pain on postural control and ten studies which explored the effect of experimentally induced pain on proprioception were included.
RESULTS
We found that in the majority of the studies, postural control was negatively affected by experimentally induced pain. Results for proprioception were mixed depending on the body region and the way the painful stimuli were delivered. Kinesthesia was negatively affected in two studies, while in one study kinesthesia was enhanced. Joint position sense was not affected in four out of five studies. Finally, force sense was affected in three out of four studies.
CONCLUSIONS
From a clinical point of view, findings from the available literature suggest that experimentally induced pain impairs postural control and could potentially increases the risk for falls in patients. Interventions aiming to reduce pain in these patients could lead to preservation or improvement of their balance. On the other hand, the same conclusion cannot be drawn for the effect of experimentally induced pain on kinesthesia and joint position sense due to the limited number of studies showing such an effect.
Topics: Chronic Pain; Humans; Postural Balance; Proprioception
PubMed: 35470647
DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0205 -
Journal of Hand Therapy : Official... 2024Recent research interest has grown in exploring the role of muscles, isometric contraction, proprioception, and neuromuscular control in addressing dynamic scapholunate... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Recent research interest has grown in exploring the role of muscles, isometric contraction, proprioception, and neuromuscular control in addressing dynamic scapholunate and lunotriquetral joint instability, marking a shift in the understanding of wrist stability.
PURPOSE
To present a comprehensive review of the carpal ligaments anatomy and wrist biomechanics, with a particular focus on the role of proprioception in dynamic carpal stability and their role in managing scapholunate (SL) and lunotriquetral (LTq) dynamic instabilities.
STUDY DESIGN
We conducted a systematic search of the literature and review of the most relevant papers published and indexed in pubmed, related to wrist biomechanics, proprioception and its contribution to carpal dynamic stability.
METHODS
The study involved a comprehensive review of neuromuscular mechanisms in dynamic stabilization of the carpus, based on cadaver studies. The 3D position of the scaphoid, triquetrum, and capitate was monitored before and after tendon loading.
RESULTS
The extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) and the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) are identified as the primary pronators of the midcarpal joint. The ECU's pronation effect can potentially strain the scapholunate ligament, while the supinator muscles, the abductor pollicis longus (APL), the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), and the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), have a protective role, particularly in cases of scapholunate ligament dysfunctions. The FCR, despite being a pronator of the distal row, has a beneficial effect as it provokes supination of the scaphoid.
CONCLUSIONS
Comprehending carpal dysfunctions and instabilities hinges on understanding carpal anatomy and normal biomechanics. Proprioception, encompassing joint position sensation and neuromuscular control, is pivotal for stability. Biomechanical research informs tailored muscle strengthening for specific carpal issues. Supinator muscles should be strengthened for SL injuries, and ECU-focused strengthening and proprioceptive training are key for dynamic LTq instabilities. Ongoing research should delve into the intricate relationship between carpal ligaments, muscles, and proprioception to enhance wrist stability.
Topics: Humans; Proprioception; Joint Instability; Wrist Joint; Ligaments, Articular; Biomechanical Phenomena; Carpal Joints; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37852909
DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.011 -
Journal of Neurophysiology Dec 2022Introducing altered visual feedback of the hand produces quick adaptation of reaching movements. Our lab has shown that the associated shifts in estimates of the felt...
Introducing altered visual feedback of the hand produces quick adaptation of reaching movements. Our lab has shown that the associated shifts in estimates of the felt position of the hand saturate within a few training trials. The current study investigates whether the rapid changes in felt hand position that occur during classic visuomotor adaptation are diminished or slowed when training feedback is reduced. We reduced feedback by either providing visual feedback only at the end of the reach (terminal feedback) or constraining hand movements to reduce motor adaptation-related error signals such as sensory prediction errors and task errors (exposure). We measured changes as participants completed reaches with a 30° rotation, a -30° rotation, and clamped visual feedback, with these two "impoverished" training conditions, along with classic visuomotor adaptation training, while continuously estimating their felt hand position. Training with terminal feedback slightly reduced the initial rate of change in overall adaptation. However, the rate of change in hand localization, as well as the asymptote of hand localization shifts in both the terminal feedback group and the exposure training group was not noticeably different from those in the classic training group. Taken together, shifts in felt hand position are rapid and robust responses to sensory mismatches and are at best slightly modulated when feedback is reduced. This suggests that given the speed and invariance to the quality of feedback of proprioceptive recalibration, it could immediately contribute to all kinds of reach adaptation. Reaching to targets with altered visual feedback about hand position leads to adaptation of movements as well as shifts in estimates of felt hand position. Felt hand position can shift in as little as one trial, and here we show that there is no noticeable reduction in speed when the feedback about movements is impoverished, indicating the robustness of the process of recalibrating felt hand position.
Topics: Humans; Feedback; Psychomotor Performance; Proprioception; Feedback, Sensory; Hand; Adaptation, Physiological; Visual Perception
PubMed: 36417308
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00082.2022 -
Applied Ergonomics Feb 2022The objective of the present study was to investigate the roles of lower-limb joint proprioception in postural control during gait. Seventy-two healthy adults including...
The objective of the present study was to investigate the roles of lower-limb joint proprioception in postural control during gait. Seventy-two healthy adults including 36 younger and 36 older adults participated in two experimental sessions, i.e., lower-limb joint proprioception assessment session and gait assessment session. Lower-limb joint proprioception was assessed by joint position sense errors measured at the ankle, knee and hip of the dominant side. Postural control during gait was characterized by step length, step width and local dynamic stability. Results showed that hip proprioception contributed the most to postural control during gait among the lower-limb joint proprioception components, and that mechanisms for the hip proprioception effects were different between age groups. These findings highlighted the importance of incorporating hip proprioception enhancement exercises in postural control training programs, and the necessity of considering age-related differences in the effects of hip proprioception when designing these exercises.
Topics: Aged; Ankle Joint; Gait; Humans; Knee Joint; Postural Balance; Proprioception
PubMed: 34740071
DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103635 -
Journal of Sport and Health Science Mar 2023Proprioceptive accuracy refers to the individual's ability to perceive proprioceptive information, that is, the information referring to the actual state of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Proprioceptive accuracy refers to the individual's ability to perceive proprioceptive information, that is, the information referring to the actual state of the locomotor system, which originates from mechanoreceptors located in various parts of the locomotor system and from tactile receptors located in the skin. Proprioceptive accuracy appears to be an important aspect in the evaluation of sensorimotor functioning; however, no widely accepted standard assessment exists. In this systematic review, our goal was to identify and categorize different methods that are used to assess different aspects of proprioceptive accuracy.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in 5 different databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink).
RESULTS
Overall, 1139 scientific papers reporting 1346 methods were included in this review. The methods assess 8 different aspects of proprioception: (a) the perception of joint position, (b) movement and movement extent, (c) trajectory, (d) velocity, and the sense of (e) force, (f) muscle tension, (g) weight, and (h) size. They apply various paradigms of psychophysics (i.e., the method of adjustment, constant stimuli, and limits).
CONCLUSION
As the outcomes of different tasks with respect to various body parts show no associations (i.e., proprioceptive accuracy is characterized by site-specificity and method-specificity), the appropriate measurement method for the task needs to be chosen based on theoretical considerations and/or ecological validity.
Topics: Proprioception; Movement
PubMed: 35390537
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.04.001 -
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) Mar 2020Somatosensory signals play roles in the fine control of dexterous movements through a somatosensory-motor integration mechanism. While skilled individuals are typically...
Somatosensory signals play roles in the fine control of dexterous movements through a somatosensory-motor integration mechanism. While skilled individuals are typically characterized by fine-tuned somatosensory functions and dexterous motor skills, it remains unknown whether and in what manner their bridging mechanism, the tactile-motor and proprioceptive-motor integration functions, plastically changes through extensive sensorimotor experiences. Here, we addressed this issue by comparing physiological indices of these functions between pianists and nonmusicians. Both tactile and proprioceptive stimuli to the right index finger inhibited corticospinal excitability measured by a transcranial magnetic stimulation method. However, the tactile and proprioceptive stimuli exerted weaker and stronger inhibitory effects, respectively, on corticospinal excitability in pianists than in nonmusicians. The results of the electroencephalogram measurements revealed no significant group difference in the amplitude of cortical responses to the somatosensory stimuli around the motor and somatosensory cortices, suggesting that the group difference in the inhibitory effects reflects neuroplastic adaptation of the somatosensory-motor integration functions in pianists. Penalized regression analyses further revealed an association between these integration functions and motor performance in the pianists, suggesting that extensive piano practice reorganizes somatosensory-motor integration functions so as to enable fine control of dexterous finger movements during piano performances.
Topics: Adult; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Music; Proprioception; Psychomotor Performance; Pyramidal Tracts; Somatosensory Cortex; Touch; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Young Adult
PubMed: 31342056
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz154