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Ophthalmology. Retina Nov 2019Population-based reports regarding bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis (BEE) are scarce in the literature. Our study sought to investigate the incidence of BEE,...
PURPOSE
Population-based reports regarding bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis (BEE) are scarce in the literature. Our study sought to investigate the incidence of BEE, relative risk of comorbid conditions, and treatment patterns using a nationally representative database, the National Inpatient Sample (NIS).
DESIGN
Retrospective cross-sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS
Inpatients with bacteremia with and without BEE in the NIS database between 2002 and 2013.
METHODS
Demographic and comorbid medical conditions were evaluated in bacteremic patients who demonstrated BEE and in those who did not; furthermore, logistic regression was performed to predict the relative risk of comorbid conditions in BEE developing. Chi-square analysis was used to determine if certain organisms were more likely to cause BEE and their role in treatment method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Comorbidities, associated microorganisms, and surgical management.
RESULTS
Among 3 907 204 bacteremic inpatients, 1793 (0.05%) were found to have BEE. Patients were more likely to demonstrate BEE in the presence of endocarditis (P < 0.001), bacterial meningitis (P < 0.001), pyogenic arthritis (P < 0.001), internal organ abscess (P < 0.001), osteomyelitis (P < 0.001), prostatitis (P < 0.001), diabetic retinopathy (P < 0.001), and vascular catheter placement or infection (P < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus without complications was not associated with an increased risk of BEE. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), streptococcal, and pneumococcal bacteremia were found to significantly increase the risk of BEE (P < 0.001 for all), and the incidences of BEE associated with these organisms were 0.19%, 0.09%, and 0.07%, respectively. Fewer than 10% of patients with BEE underwent vitrectomy, and 1.6% of BEE patients underwent enucleation.
CONCLUSIONS
Bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis was observed in approximately 1 in 2000 inpatients with bacteremia in this large cohort of NIS inpatients. It was seen more commonly with MRSA, streptococcal, and pneumococcal species. Endocarditis, meningitis, prostatitis, osteomyelitis, infected vascular catheter, internal organ abscess, and diabetic retinopathy showed a significant risk (P < 0.001) of being associated with BEE.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteremia; Comorbidity; Cross Infection; Cross-Sectional Studies; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Middle Aged; Pneumococcal Infections; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Staphylococcal Infections; United States
PubMed: 31446028
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.06.004 -
Cancer detection and complications of transperineal prostate biopsy with antibiotics when indicated.BJU International Oct 2023To describe the prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate, including clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), in a large cohort of patients who underwent transperineal... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
To describe the prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate, including clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), in a large cohort of patients who underwent transperineal ultrasonography-guided systematic prostate biopsy (TPB-US) using a probe-mounted transperineal access system, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cognitive fusion in case of a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System grade 3-5 lesion, under local anaesthesia in an outpatient setting. Additionally, to compare the incidence of procedure-related complications with a cohort of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasonography-guided (TRB-US) and transrectal MRI-guided biopsies (TRB-MRI).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This was an observational cohort study in men who underwent TPB-US prostate biopsy in a large teaching hospital. For each participant, prostate-specific antigen level, clinical tumour stage, prostate volume, MRI parameters, number of (targeted) prostate biopsies, biopsy International Society of Uropathology (ISUP) grade and procedure-related complications were assessed. csPCa was defined as ISUP grade ≥2. Antibiotic prophylaxis was only given in those with an increased risk of urinary tract infection.
RESULTS
A total of 1288 TPB-US procedures were evaluated. The overall detection rate for PCa in biopsy-naive patients was 73%, and for csPCa it was 63%. The incidence of hospitalization was 1% in TPB-US (13/1288), compared to 4% in TRB-US (8/214) and 3% in TRB-MRI (7/219; P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Contemporary combined systematic and target TPB-US with MRI cognitive fusion is easy to perform in an outpatient setting, with a high detection rate of csPCa and a low incidence of procedure-related complications.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prostatic Neoplasms; Image-Guided Biopsy; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 37155185
DOI: 10.1111/bju.16041 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAd) can be employed to efficiently eliminate cancer cells through multiple mechanisms of action including cell lysis and immune activation. Our...
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAd) can be employed to efficiently eliminate cancer cells through multiple mechanisms of action including cell lysis and immune activation. Our OAds, AdΔΔ and Ad-3∆-A20T, selectively infect, replicate in, and kill adenocarcinoma cells with the added benefit of re-sensitising drug-resistant cells in preclinical models. Further modifications are required to enable systemic delivery in patients due to the rapid hepatic elimination and neutralisation by blood factors and antibodies. Here, we show data that support the use of coating OAds with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a possible new method of virus modification to help augment tumour uptake. The pre-incubation of cationic AuNPs with AdΔΔ, Ad-3∆-A20T and wild type adenovirus (Ad5wt) was performed prior to infection of prostate/pancreatic cancer cell lines (22Rv, PC3, Panc04.03, PT45) and a pancreatic stellate cell line (PS1). Levels of viral infection, replication and cell viability were quantified 24-72 h post-infection in the presence and absence of AuNPs. Viral spread was assessed in organotypic cultures. The presence of AuNPs significantly increased the uptake of Ad∆∆, Ad-3∆-A20T and Ad5wt in all the cell lines tested (ranging from 1.5-fold to 40-fold), compared to virus alone, with the greatest uptake observed in PS1, a usually adenovirus-resistant cell line. Pre-coating the AdΔΔ and Ad-3∆-A20T with AuNPs also increased viral replication, leading to enhanced cell killing, with maximal effect in the most virus-insensitive cells (from 1.4-fold to 5-fold). To conclude, the electrostatic association of virus with cationic agents provides a new avenue to increase the dose in tumour lesions and potentially protect the virus from detrimental blood factor binding. Such an approach warrants further investigation for clinical translation.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Cell Line, Tumor; Gold; Humans; Male; Metal Nanoparticles; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostate; Virus Diseases; Virus Replication; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 36012152
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168884 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022is an obligate, intracellular bacterium responsible for a range of diseases of public health importance, since infection is often asymptomatic and, hence, untreated,... (Review)
Review
is an obligate, intracellular bacterium responsible for a range of diseases of public health importance, since infection is often asymptomatic and, hence, untreated, leading to chronic complications, including prostatitis, infertility, and reactive arthritis. The ample spectrum of diseases caused by infection is reflected in its ability to infect and multiply within a wide range of different cell types. Cervical epithelial cells, to date, have been the most studied cellular infection model, highlighting the peculiar features of the host-cell inflammatory and immune responses to the infection. Herein, we provide the up-to-date evidence on the interaction between and human prostate epithelial, Sertoli and synovial cells.
Topics: Arthritis, Reactive; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male
PubMed: 35174109
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.840802 -
World Journal of Urology Jul 2021To investigate the influence factors of infection complications of transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy.
BACKGROUND
To investigate the influence factors of infection complications of transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy.
METHODS
A total of 2192 patients who underwent prostate biopsy under transperineal prostate biopsy were analyzed retrospectively from December 2010 to May 2020.We collected the clinical characteristics and the incidence of complications, and used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to analyze independent risk factors for infection complications after transperineal prostate biopsy.
RESULTS
Univariate analysis showed that the following factors were associated with the infection complications: diabetes, bacterial prostatitis, history of urinary retention, history of urinary infection, and number of cores. Furthermore, multivariate logistic analysis revealed that diabetes (OR 2.037, 95% CI 1.143-3.572, P = 0.021) and history of urinary retention (OR 2.563, 95% CI 1.284-3.901, P = 0.013) were independent risk factors for infection complications after transperineal prostate biopsy.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with diabetes and history of urinary retention were more likely to have infection complications after transperineal prostate biopsy.
Topics: Aged; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Middle Aged; Perineum; Postoperative Complications; Prostate; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 32949254
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03454-y -
Aktuelle Urologie Aug 2021Infectious complications following prostate biopsy are on the rise due to an increase in antimicrobial resistance, mainly against fluoroquinolones. The use of...
Infectious complications following prostate biopsy are on the rise due to an increase in antimicrobial resistance, mainly against fluoroquinolones. The use of fluoroquinolones for perioperative prophylaxis is no longer approved by the national authorities in Germany. The EAU guideline group on urological infections has recently published a meta-analysis in two parts based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Transperineal prostate biopsy is associated with a significantly reduced rate of infectious complications compared with transrectal biopsy and should therefore be preferred. If transrectal biopsy is performed, intrarectal cleaning with povidone-iodine and antibiotic prophylaxis without fluoroquinolones should be chosen. Antibiotic prophylactic strategies include targeted prophylaxis after susceptibility testing of the rectal flora, augmented prophylaxis with multiple antibiotics and empiric mono-prophylaxis with non-fluoroquinolones. Data from RCTs are available for aminoglycosides, third-generation cephalosporins and fosfomycin trometamol.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Biopsy; Fluoroquinolones; Germany; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Prostate
PubMed: 33979884
DOI: 10.1055/a-1478-2793 -
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Apr 2023To evaluate the feasibility and safety of bipolar-plasmakinetic transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (B-TUERP) in day surgery.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of bipolar-plasmakinetic transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (B-TUERP) in day surgery.
METHODS
From January 2021 to August 2022, 34 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) underwent B-TUERP in day surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Patients completed the screening and anesthesia evaluation before admission and received the standard surgery which implements "anatomical enucleation of the prostate" and "absolute bleeding control" on the same day of admission, and by the same doctor. Bladder irrigation was stopped, catheter was removed and the discharge evaluation was performed on the first day after operation. The baseline data, perioperative conditions, time of recovery, treatment outcomes, hospitalization costs, and postoperative complications were analyzed.
RESULTS
All operations were successfully conducted. The average age of the patients was (62.2±7.8) years, average prostate volume was (50.2±29.3) mL. The average operation time was (36.5±19.1) min, the average hemoglobin and blood sodium were decreased by (16.2±7.1) g/L and (2.2±2.0) mmol/L, respectively. The average postoperative length of hospital stay, and total length of hospital stay were (17.7±2.2) and (20.8±2.1) h, respectively, and the average hospitalization cost was (13 558±2320) CNY. All patients were discharged on the day after surgery except for one patient who was transferred to a general ward. Three patients received indwelling catheterization after catheter removal. The 3-month follow-up results showed a substantial improvement in the International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life score and maximum urinary flow rate (all <0.01). Three patients experienced temporary urinary incontinence, 1 patient experienced urinary tract infection, 4 patients were diagnosed with urethral stricture and 2 patients experienced bladder neck contracture. No complications above Clavien grade Ⅱ occurred.
CONCLUSIONS
The preliminary results showed that B-TUERP ambulatory surgery is a safe, feasible, economical and effective treatment for appropriately selected patients with BPH.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Quality of Life; Feasibility Studies; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37283098
DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0643 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Apr 2021TMPRSS2 (OMIM: 602060) is a cellular protease involved in many physiological and pathological processes, and it facilitates entry of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 into host...
TMPRSS2 (OMIM: 602060) is a cellular protease involved in many physiological and pathological processes, and it facilitates entry of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. It is important to predict the prostate's susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients and the disease outcome by assessing TMPRSS2 expression in cancer tissues. In this study, we conducted the expression profiles of the TMPRSS2 gene for COVID-19 in different normal tissues and PRAD (prostate adenocarcinoma) tumour tissues. TMPRSS2 is highly expressed in normal tissues including the small intestine, prostate, pancreas, salivary gland, colon, stomach, seminal vesicle and lung, and is increased in PRAD tissues, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 might attack not only the lungs and other normal organs, but also in PRAD cancer tissues. Hypomethylation of TMPRSS2 promoter may not be the mechanism for TMPRSS2 overexpression in PRAD tissues and PRAD pathogenesis. TMPRSS2 expresses eleven isoforms in PRAD tissues, with the TMPRSS2-001 isoform expressed highest and followed by TMPRSS2-201. Further isoform structures prediction showed that these two highly expressed isoforms have both SRCR_2 and Trypsin (Tryp_SPc) domains, which may be essential for TMPRSS2 functional roles for tumorigenesis and entry for SARS-CoV-2 in PRAD patients. Analyses of functional annotation and enrichment in TMPRSS2 showed that TMPRSS2 is mostly enriched in regulation of viral entry into host cells, protein processing and serine-type peptidase activity. TMPRSS2 is also associated with prostate gland cancer cell expression, different complex(es) formation, human influenza and carcinoma, pathways in prostate cancer, influenza A, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. Altogether, even though high expression of TMPRSS2 may not be favourable for PRAD patient's survival, increased expression in these patients should play roles in susceptibility of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical severity for COVID-19, highlighting the value of protective actions of PRAD cases by targeting or androgen-mediated therapeutic strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; COVID-19; DNA Methylation; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Ontology; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; SARS-CoV-2; Serine Endopeptidases
PubMed: 33609069
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16385 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2024
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate; Prostatitis; Tuberculosis, Male Genital
PubMed: 37624660
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0299 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), a receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter host cells, is widely expressed in testes...
BACKGROUND
Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), a receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter host cells, is widely expressed in testes and prostate tissues. The testis and prostate produce semen. At present, there are contradictory reports about whether SARS-CoV-2 can exist in the semen of infected men.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a comprehensive overview of the topic of whether COVID-19 can impact on male reproductive system.
METHODS
We reviewed the relevant publications on the possible impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on male reproductive system and summarized the latest and most important research results so far. Literature published in English from December 2019 to January 31, 2021 regarding the existence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen, testis, and prostatic fluid and the effects of COVID-19 on male reproductive were included.
RESULTS
We identified 28 related studies, only one of which reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen. The study found that the semen quality of patients with moderate infection was lower than that of patients with mild infection and healthy controls. The impaired semen quality may be related to fever and inflammation. Pathological analysis of the testis/epididymis showed that SARS-CoV-2 viral particles were positive in 10 testicular samples, and the spermatogenic function of the testis was impaired. All 94 expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
CONCLUSION
The likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 in the semen of COVID-19 patients is very small, and semen should rarely be regarded as a carrier of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material. However, COVID-19 may cause testicular spermatogenic dysfunction immune or inflammatory reactions. Long-term follow-up is needed for COVID-19 male patients and fetuses conceived during the father's infection period.
Topics: COVID-19; Genitalia, Male; History, 21st Century; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Prostate; SARS-CoV-2; Semen; Semen Analysis; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Testis
PubMed: 34122351
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.677701